• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.191-206
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find an implication for a direction to improve professional development in mathematics by exploring elementary school teachers' perception of the need for professional development in mathematics. To this end, 4 elementary school teachers were organized into one focus group, and group discussion materials were collected and analyzed based on cases of mathematics professional development needs. As a result of the study, the elementary school teachers' perception that the need for professional development in mathematics is both unnecessary and necessary. The perception of unnecessary was influenced by the easy level of elementary school mathematics content and the ease of teaching. Also, the perception of necessary factors were considering various aspects of mathematics teaching, changing the accumulation of failures in mathematics classes, maintaining authority of students, demand for class improvement due to social change, the impact of school work, the influence of the community of professional development and peers in school, and efforts to grow as teachers. Based on these results, the author discussed ways to promote teachers' participation in mathematics professional development by considering elementary school teachers' perceptions of the need of mathematics professional development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

In the previous C/S publishing system, the editor or contributor can arbitrarily modify the document created by the author, in which case it is difficult to identify the changes made in the document. Another shortcoming is in that when the document is in need of tracking or editing, the client must have the respective editing system. To solve this problem, the gist of the document must be preserved along with the document itself, and the process of handling the document must be standardized. Publishing on the web ensures a more stable and accurate result in processing documents. The significance of web publishing is made clear, when we consider the importance of information per se and the growing demand for immediate publication in the present day. The need for a simple and straightforward apache-based PDF publishing system, in which HTML and CSS are supported, and a converting engine provides PDF standard security application support, is prominent. This provides a library in which one can directly create a PDF via Windows, Linux, or Unix without having to rely on a client, allowing high-speed PDF creation. The development of a web-accessed PDF converting engine forms the basis for e-transactions, online brochures, electronic B/L, and many other industrial sectors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.4
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• pp.439-450
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• 2001

Mobile agent is one of the promising ways of overcoming network load and latency. It is also a new software paradigm including those concepts of client/server, applet/servelet, and code-on-demand. In this paper, a new mobile agent concept with flexible replay scheme is proposed, which can deal with embarrassing situation when replying results should be accomplished in various distributed applications. For example, they are 1) a burden of bulky result, 2) a need of different replay scheme dependent on work type, 3) connection failure to the target node, and 4) a need of fast migration to next node to keep the itinerary. Regarding the source node, there may be another situation that it wants to be aware of whether its wi가 is completed or not. Three kinds of reply schemes are proposed for dealing flexibly with such situations. They are based on priority reply list where nodes to be replied are stored according to their priorities. An experimental supply chain management model using the proposed reply schemes is designed and implemented. It is one of good distributed applications appropriate for our reply schemes, because it requires different reply schemes according to work types and it is important to gather required information in time.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-93
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• 2018

Public transit services are generally analyzed based on the correlation of demand and supply. The computation of supply uses accessibility while demand uses travel demands estimation based on residential population. However, the traditional demand estimation has a limitation in analysing in micro-scale compared to the smartcard data traffic. This study analyzed potential improvement of public transit services using smartcard traffic data. The supply of transportation was defined using time distance accessibility. Also, time loss was calculated in those origin destination(OD) pairs where time distance accessibilities are relatively low. The proposed method was applied at Seoul. The results showed that the areas where OD pairs need improvement include Seodaemun-gu, Guro-gu and Nowon-gu.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.481-490
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• 2006

The actual performance of a building during an earthquake depends on many factors. The prediction of the seismic performance of a new or existing structure is complex, due not only to the large number of factors that need to be considered and the complexity of the seismic response, but also due to the large inherent uncertainties and randomness associated with making these predictions. A central issue of this research is the proper treatment and incorporation of these uncertainties and randomness in the evaluation of structural capacity and response has been adopted in the seismic performance evaluation of steel tall buildings to account for the uncertainties and randomness in seismic demand and capacities in a consistent manner. The basic framework for reliability-based seismic performance evaluation and the key factors for statistical studies were summarized. A total of 36 target structures that represent typical tall steel buildings based on national building code (KBC-2005) were designed for the statistical studies of demand factor s and capacity factors. The incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) approach was examined through the simple steel moment frame building in determination of global drift capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1061-1072
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• 2013

In order to improve executive ability in response to need of job ability in cultural content industry and in connection with industrial scene, it is required to develop curriculum for department of broadcasting, entertainment and acting First of all, environmental analysis of cultural content industry, survey on industry demand, survey on demand by enrolled students and graduated students, survey on demand by local community were made and conducted to draw job competency for acting art. In addition, the existing curriculum was analyzed through evaluation by field experts, enrolled students, and graduated students. Based on the analysis results, major curriculum was developed for department of broadcasting, entertainment and acting. Such curriculum development enables providing acting education that focuses on core competency to maximize education effect and cultivating actor who is suitable for the age of multimedia based on local infrastructure. Moreover, the curriculum development helps cultivating versatile actor, rather than famous actor.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2011

This Study was to conducted in order to suggest future direction for reorganization of Suwon ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Women's High School as a vocational high school. The purpose of this Study was to provide suggestions for the Suwon ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ women's high school through workforce demand of electric-electronic-communication industry in Gyeonggi Province and SWOT Analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the high school need to work out a educational strategy geared to workforce demand of region based electric-eElectronic-communication industry in Gyeonggi Province for students' employment. Second, the following two approaches are recommended for curriculum development to meet region based electric-eElectronic-communication industry in Gyeonggi Province for students' employment. (1) School curriculum development that is geared to a enterprise for students' employment. Demand of the enterprise is reflected when curriculum is developed under cooperation between school and enterprise. Specific knowledge, attitude and skills is emphasized to students according to demand of the enterprise. (2) school curriculum development that is geared to industry for students' employment. Demand of the electric-electronic-communication industry in Gyeonggi Province is reflected when curriculum is developed under cooperation between school and the electric-electronic-communication industry. Broader knowledge, attitude and skills is emphasized to students for the industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2024

As the problem of lowering the efficiency of urban services in small and medium-sized cities in the non-metropolitan area intensifies, the necessity of developing a railway station area is being emphasized to form a compressed urban space through regional bases. Although major station areas in large cities are being developed in the form of complex, the analysis of the development location characteristics of the small and medium-sized city station areas is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of development project conditions and potential demand in the high-speed rail station areas across the country, identify the differences in locational characteristics according to the type of city, such as 'metropolitan city', 'large city in non-metropolitan city', 'medium and small city in non-metropolitan city', and find out the appropriate development method. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that the 'metropolitan area metropolitan area' has high potential demand and poor business conditions. On the other hand, in the case of the non-metropolitan area, it was analyzed that the 'small and medium-sized city station area' has good business conditions and low potential demand characteristics, and the 'large city station area' has intermediate characteristics. This suggests the need for different development methods in the development of metropolitan and small and medium-sized city station areas. The analysis results of this study show that it is desirable to encourage private participation in large-scale metropolitan station areas, which require large-scale input, to maximize potential demand, and to encourage private participation through public-led projects based on favorable business conditions or development based on regional characteristics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.481-492
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• 2013

In this study, the use survey of domestic and international weather information on coastal regions and the demand survey (e.g. general and in-depth surveys) for customer needs with coastal industries were carried out to design customized coastal weather contents. The general demand survey showed that most of the customers working in the coastal industries were interested in a short-term forecast, such as a general weather outlook (approximately 29% of the total respondents) and typhoon information (19%), and they preferred to be given the forecast information from new media such as the internet web-pages (36%) and mobile utilities (23%) rather than old media such as TV (16%) and radio (11%). In addition, only 31% of the total respondents were found to be satisfied with the use of the current coastal weather service. This low percentage might mainly be a result of lack of information accuracy (about 64%) and diversity (28%). From in-depth survey with site visiting, the need of coastal weather contents, such as weather elements, data form, a tool of communication, and forecast interval, differed with the working stages in three coastal industries (e.g. shipbuilding, maritime trade, and passenger transport industries).