• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to provide scientific and effective information on phytoncides, which are associated with forest healing, and to activate recreational forests. Methods: The target sites were natural recreation forests, a forest park and an arboretum, and the control sites were three urban parks. The samples were collected at a volume of 6.0 L and a flow rate of 0.1 L/min for one hour using a low volume pump and the solid adsorbent sampling method. The phytoncide compounds adsorbed in the Tenax TA tube were analyzed by a automatic heat desorption unit and GC-MS. Results: By type of recreational forest, the annual concentrations of phytoncide (monoterpene) for the forest park showed the highest concentration with $1.450{\mu}g/m^3$, while those for the arboretum showed the lowest concentration at $0.892{\mu}g/m^3$, and thus the concentration of the forest park was approximately 1.6 times higher than the arboretum. The season showing the highest concentration of phytoncides was summer (June) and the forest park was the highest among the recreational forests. The concentrations of major components for phytoncide showed in descending order: ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene. The seasonal concentration of ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene and ${\beta}-pinene$ by type of recreational forest increased in April, which is characterized by low temperature and humidity, and the seasonal concentration of camphene decreased with higher humidity. The meteorological factors which had the high correlation with the concentration of total terpene were temperature and humidity. $CO_2$ and $O_2$ showed an inverse correlation. Conclusion: The major components of phytoncide were ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene in descending order of concentration. Further and systematic study on the chemical nature of individual phytoncides, and on the effect of phytoncides on humans needs to be performed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.459-470
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• 2006

This study was carried out objectively to analyze the distributing flora for the conservation of natural environment and to construct the database in Mt. Joryeong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. The period of survey was from November, 2004 to September, 2005, and the routes were A (Recreation $forest{\sim}Shinseon-bong$), B $(Shinseon-bong{\sim}Mapae-bong)$, C(Joryeong 3rd $gateway{\sim}Mapae-bong$), and D $(Yongseong-gol{\sim}Gitdae-bong)$. The vascular plants were summarized as 341 taxa; 85 families, 219 genera, 299 species, 36 varieties, and 6 forma. The rare and endangered plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa; Paeonia japonica, Viola albida, and Rhododendron micranthum. The Korean endemic plants were 9 taxa; Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Salix caprea, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, $Lespedeza{\times}tomentella$, Vaccinium koreanum, Salvia chanroenica, Weigela subsessilis, and Cirsium setidens. And in the results of survey on resource plants, we confirmed 171 taxa of ornamental plants (50.1%), 222 taxa of edible plants (65.1%), 237 taxa of medicinal plants (69.5%) and 146 taxa of other useful plants (42.8%).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2003

According to rapid increase of visitors to the Baekdudaegan, the most important ecosystem in Korea, fur climbing or outdoor recreation, deterioration of natural environment along the trail on the ridge of Baekdudaegan is becoming more serious. The purpose of this study is to research the deterioration condition of the trail between Manbokdae and Bokseongijae on the Baekdudaegan with intent to prepare the conservational management strategy fur the trail on the ridge of Baekdudaegan. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 232 points for 28.4km in length. Furthermore, impact rating class, which could be effective means to check the step and extent of deterioration process, was judged on each points of trail. Putting together these results informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail between Manbokdae and Bokseongijae is not reached the level of grave concern yet, but prompt countermeasure to maintain the existing condition has to be considered with regard for the conditions of location and the increasing amounts of use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2011

Ecotourism is an alternative tourism which can be defined as responsible tourism in natural areas. This study deals with changing the tourists' environmental attitudes of ecotourism activities based on the elaboration likelihood model(ELM). The surveys were conducted based on the same participants to clearly measure the differences of environmental attitudes between pre and post-participation ecotourism activities. A total of 183 samples were collected in Upo Wetlands. The results showed that there were significant differences in the tourists' environmental attitudes between pre and post-participation ecotourism activities. This indicates that ecotourism participants delicately reinforce their eco-friendly attitudes through various ecotourism experiences and educational programs. The most significant finding is that anti-environmental behavior can be relieved with eco-friendliness through participation in ecotourism.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.449-459
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify how postural mechanics affects postural control on balance and stability by using frequency analysis technique from the kinematic data acquired during the one leg standing posture. For this purpose, the experimental group consisted of two groups, the normal group (n=6) and the national Gymnastics group (n=6). Displacement data of CoP were analyzed by frequency analysis of rambling (RM) and trembling (TR) by FFT signal processing. As a results, there was a significant difference in evaluating the stabilization index between the two groups with the eyes open and closed one leg stnading (p <.05). The cause of the difference was found to be the output of the maximum amplitude of RM (f1) and TR (f2) (p <.05). In particular, in the low frequency RM of 8-9 Hz, which is a natural frequency of signal wave involved in postural feedback feedback, the main frequency appeared to be performs the exercise mechanism of stable brain posture control. And in the high frequency TM of 120-135 Hz, it is considered that the adaptation of the reflective muscle response is minimized to minimize posture shaking. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the intrinsic main frequencies according to the postural control ability which affects the CNS in one leg standing.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of short-term foresters on brain waves and pulse waves. For this purpose, 484 foresters who visited the natural recreation forest located in Cheongpyeong city, Gyeonggi province, measured the before and after experiences of EEG and pulse waves, and the following results were obtained. First, foresters have been shown to be effective on concentration, brain activity, and brain stress. Second, foresters had positive effects on cardiac health and autonomic health. In other words, when various substances released from the forest come into the body through the respiratory system, it firstly affects the heart activity positively, and it seems to be able to expect various improvements by acting on the emotional side of the brain. Therefore, based on the scientific basis of the forest experience, it is expected that the experience of forests will be widely used as a guide for healthy life by creating conditions for participation by many people. In addition, the mechanism of respiration, heartbeat, and brain interaction is also possible, and various experimental studies on the forest experience in the future are important.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2023

Urban parks create the natural landscape of the city and offer a space for city residents to stay healthy and take a rest. They are also urban facilities designed to improve city dwellers' emotional aspects. Currently, urban parks need qualitative management as well as quantitative supply due to changes in the national land and urban policy paradigm, and a shift in perspective to consumer-centeredness is needed. In this study, the service levels of urban parks for citizen were evaluated: (1) quantitative supply adequacy was analyzed based on the urban population, and (2) the qualitative evaluation of the parks were conducted. Based on the evaluation, the appropriateness of the arrangement of urban parks is judged by comprehensively analyzing the quantitative and qualitative aspects. As a result of the evaluation of service levels of urban parks, the highest serviced urban parks were found in urban housing development sites and recently established parks. In addition, it was found that the recently created parks improved the qualities of the parks by installing various facilities. If the quantitative and qualitative aspects of urban park service supply are comprehensively analyzed and applied through this research method, it will be a more effective park and green space plan.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.85-107
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• 2016

By examining the constitutive characteristics of Yon-Ko-Jeon and analyzing the lived meanings and experiencing essence of students, this study details the students' awareness, responses, and strategies with regards to the phenomenon of women's alienation from Yon-Ko-Jeon. Students from the two colleges were divided into two groups- one which was aware of women's alienation from Yon-Ko-Jeon, and another group that was unaware of such a phenomenon. Students without awareness tended to perceive the alienation of women from Yon-Ko-Jeon as a natural phenomenon. On the other hand, the members who had awareness tended to see it as a phenomenon that was either justified, unequal, or in need of change. In the latter group, those who saw women's alienation as a justified phenomenon responded with tolerance and adopted a bystander strategy. Conversely, those who saw it as an unequal phenomenon responded with rejection and instead chose to adopt anti-/alternative Yon-Ko-Jeon strategies. The last group, which perceived women's alienation as a phenomenon in need of change, adopted correcting responses as well as intercollegiate solidarity and cooperation strategies. A generalization of the findings reveals that the students' experiencing essence of the phenomenon extends from critical thinking to awareness, response, and strategy in a step-by-step and sequential process. Through this study, it was found that the students' experiencing essence all follow a continuous thinking pattern, as illustrated in the diagram provided.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.117-133
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore integrated approaches to physical education in general education by examining methodology of physical education aiming for convergence education. This case study was conducted, using a qualitative approach during March, 2017 to November, 2017. Data were collected through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, field-notes, students' journal, syllabus and lecture materials. The key findings are as follows: First, "Emotion Coaching through Movement" is a course of 'understanding of body' approaching integrated humanities science and natural science. Second, it is a convergence education, conducting 'text to daily practice' by approaching positive psychology and neurophysiology. Third, it is a physical education with 'integrated theory and practice' in higher education. These results indicate that students can understand their own body, observe their daily and fixed movement or reaction pattern, and enhance the ability of understanding others through a physical education in general education.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2023

This study identified how users of Gwanghwamun Square perceive the space and derived the spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square. There are four spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square: preservation of the historical environment, beauty of the surrounding landscape, suitability as a resting place, and activation of recreation. The first attribute, preservation of the historical environment, refers to the spaces that reflect the unique characteristics of Gwanghwamun Square and resonate with culture, including the Blue House, Bukaksan Mountain, Gyeongbok Palace, Yukjo Street, King Sejong, and Yi Sun-sin. The second attribute, beauty of the surrounding landscape, is related to the provision of abundant greenery and natural environment without disturbing the surrounding landscape, and includes landscape, sky, and greenery. The third attribute, suitability as a resting place, refers to various landscape facilities and services to enhance visitor comfort, including tables, chairs, shade, planters, rest areas, and fountains. Finally, recreational activation. This is the provision of various experiences, including exhibitions, performances, experiences, and sightseeing. Utilizing the attributes of Gwanghwamun Plaza derived from this study, it will provide important implications for the reconstruction of Gwanghwamun Plaza if future studies on valuation and estimation of Gwanghwamun Plaza are conducted to verify the differences in preferences by type.