• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.379-397
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop the Job Functional Assessment Scale. This study was involved took third steps. First, 93 preliminary items were developed based on theoretical literature and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Model. To verify the content validity, 3 rehabilitation experts rated those items. Second, the scale consisting of 73 items was administered to sample of 880 people with disabilities. Finally, items of the scale were reduced to 58 items. Factor analysis showed evidence of construct validity of the scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of total score showed .94 and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of 7 subfactor demonstrated .74~.90. Thus, Job Functional Assessment Scale demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, the practical use of the scale was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2000

This study intended to analyze the effectiveness to obtain by developing the critical pathway presented as the method to improve the quality-betterment and cost effectiveness the through the continuous and consistent patient management for the hysterectomy patient and applying it to the real practice. This study was designed to develop and effect the critical pathway for hysterectomy patients in the way to be possible the intergrated in patient management. It was adopted the process of seven phase to develop a critical pathway. To analyze the application effect of the developed critical pathway, this author offered health care service applying the critical pathway to the hysterectomy patient from July. 20 to Oct. 19. 1999. The study method had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionnaire on 40 patients who had been inpatient hysterectomy. Dependent variables were measured by modified from satisfaction, and cost and length of hospital stay. The data anlyzed by frequency, x2-test, t-test. The results of this study was as follows; 1. It was decided that the vertical line of the critical pathway was made up of eight items such as monitoring/assessment, treatment, activity, medication, consult. Lab test, diet, patient teaching and horizontal line was 7days from admission to discharge. 2. After the verifying the validity of the expert group about the critical pathway, the horizontal line was amended from hospitalization to five postoperative days and taking their consensus, some contents of the horizontal line was amended and deleted. 3. There was no significant differences in the experimental group and control group in the satisfaction, and significant differences in the cost, the length of hospital stay.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2007

Background and Purpose : Emergencies in the school setting occurs frequently. Therefore, the role of first responders is important. General teachers in elementary schools are expected by first responders in school emergencies. This study attempted to assess needs and demands assessment on the first aid education of general teachers in elementary schools. Method : The subjects of this study were 71 general teachers from 8 elementary schools. Data were collected by the questionnaire during the period from March 19 to April 13, 2007. The data were analyzed through frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Independent Two samples t-test, paired T-test, One Way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation by SPSS win 12.0. Result : 1. It showed that 47.9%(34 persons) of general teachers answerd that they experienced emergencies in elementary school setting. Experienced emergencies were wounds(cut, laceration, abrasion etc.) 79.4%(27 persons), bleeding(including epistaxis) 64.7%(22 person), fracture(including dislocation, sprain) 44.1%(15 person), sting or bite 29.4%(10 persons). 2. It showed that 95.8%(68 persons) of subjects answerd that first aid education are necessary. Also 91.5%(65 persons) of subjects answerd that will be educated first aid if opportunities is given. 3. The total mean showed $2.39{\pm}.40$ in necessities of first aid education and $2.17{\pm}.36$ in needs of first aid education by 3 points Likert scale. Ranking 1 in necessities and needs of first aid education was bleeding control. 4. The total mean in necessities and needs of first aid education showed statistically significant differences(t = 3.453, p = .002). 5. The necessities of first aid education showed significant positive correlations with necessities and needs of first aid education(r = .521, p = .002). Conclusion : These results suggest that education program of first aid on elementary general teachers must be developed through necessities and needs assessment of first aid education and instructors must searched methods to increase needs of first aid.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2020

Sebaceous carcinoma is a relatively rare and aggressive malignant tumor. Periocular area (especially eyelid) is the most common lesion to occur, and the most common extraocular lesion is the parotid gland. Because the lesion also mimic other benign inflammatory diseases, this leads to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here, we report a 58-year-old male patient who presented with a non-tender painless left parotid mass after wide excision of sebaceous carcinoma in the left eyelid two years ago. When he was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of left eyelid, there was a small left parotid tumor on the computed tomography. But no further examination and treatment were performed. Two years later, physical examination revealed growing parotid tumor and multiple neck nodes on the left side. After radical parotidectomy and neck dissection, histological examination showed a sebaceous carcinoma and neck node metastasis. Considering the aggressiveness of sebaceous carcinoma, further evaluation for parotid glands should be considered when sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid was discovered. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed for disease control. Follow up after two years, and computed tomography showed no sign of recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.299-323
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand social exclusion experiences with the disabled through a biographical study. It is analysed the interview date conducting an interview about 10 focused on the physical and cerebral palsy disabled with social exclusion experiences. The results show that it is multi-social exclusion including the inequality of approach opportunity of education, labor, education, medical, social participation, information, social service, space, health etc. It shows their life neglected and marginalized resulted from not providing social right as citizenship. And their social relationship is isolated by social exclusion and Other-directed identity is to be shaped in accordance to the method to define as regulated social ideals. Also, there is their painful and heavy life bound with double risky factors of disability and poverty. They share common historical experiences and social events impacted on their recognition and value among participants generation in biographical narrative. On the other hand, their life is reconstructed according to each their resource and standard to interpreter and evaluate on it. It suggests political and clinical implications in order to overcome the disabled's social exclusion, which is based on practical and vivid experiential dates from the participants.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 1991

To improve the management of dental laboratory through the research on the actual condition, this study posed questions on 36 dental laboratories. The results are as follows : 1. The establishment of dental laboratory in Chunbuk was increased between in 1980 and 1986. Especially it has been more increased since 1989. According to the proportion of population the number of the dental laboratories in Chunbuk was much more than that of other provinces and took the first place in september 1990. 2. The ratio between the unlicensed dental technician and the licensed was 24.83% and 67.11% each . The former must be replaced by the licensed. And the latter ought to try to improve their culture and technique. 3. Overtime payment must be paid for those who work above eight hours. 4. It takes 5 days at a minimum for the production of dental prosthesis with both stability and esthetics. 5. Every Saturday afternoon, Sunday and national holiday must be free. 6. Bonus must be paid 600% a year at a minimum. The system of retirement allowance should be active. All dental technicians ought to be affliated with their labor union and medica insurance. 7. Such dental restoration as porcelain and crown and bridge prosthesis must by increased to a degree between 30% and 50% at a minimum and the reduction system of charge for a dental technique has to be abolished. 8. The general working conditions of dental laboratory, especially pay and working hour must be improved. 9. To advance the service improvement of dental treatment and the banishment of illegal one, the medical insurance of crown and bridge prosthesis must be generally practised. 10. Ill case of the staff cull:lloyulent of dental laboratory, minimem wage system must be observed. 11. Directing dentist system on the ertablisment of dental laboratory must be abelished or wholly improved.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.450-455
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• 2018

Tamoxifen (TAM) is commonly used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Despite the remarkable benefits, resistance to TAM presents a serious therapeutic challenge. Since several HOX transcription factors have been proposed as strong candidates in the development of resistance to TAM therapy in breast cancer, we generated an in vitro model of acquired TAM resistance using ER-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells (MCF7-TAMR), and analyzed the expression pattern and epigenetic states of HOX genes. HOXB cluster genes were uniquely up-regulated in MCF7-TAMR cells. Survival analysis of in slico data showed the correlation of high expression of HOXB genes with poor response to TAM in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with TAM. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that the overexpression of multi HOXB genes in MCF7 renders cancer cells more resistant to TAM, whereas the knockdown restores TAM sensitivity. Furthermore, activation of HOXB genes in MCF7-TAMR was associated with histone modifications, particularly the gain of H3K9ac. These findings imply that the activation of HOXB genes mediate the development of TAM resistance, and represent a target for development of new strategies to prevent or reverse TAM resistance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.339-350
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• 2017

In December 2014, the study analyzed the wage level of Long-term Care Facilities reported by the National Health Insurance Organization Database. From 2008 to 2014, 1,231.357 people in Korea were acquired qualification for care worker. This study tries to the wage of 1,221,085 care workers. We found out that 91.3% of all are women, and 41% out of care worker qualification were between 50-59 years old. And only 14.8% were employed as care workers. About 73.2% of the nursing care workers had less than 3 years of service at the current job, and their wages were 129.2 million won per month for Nursing Home and 6,421 won per hour for the home care center. In order to investigate care workers, it needs to distinguish between Nursing Home and home care center, and it was also confirmed that wage increases was not reached. In addition, we can question the effect of improvement allowance for better working condition, and suggest fundamental problems for care workers' wage and status.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.181-208
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• 2010

Maternity services is often perceived as a troublesome business and obstetric litigation is on the increase in Western countries. Overall, the number of claim and cost of litigation to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) from maternity services in the UK is increasing every year. Maternity services account for 60-70% of the total sum paid. This has widespread implications for both the individual practitioners and the institutions where they work, due to increasing malpractice insurance premiums. Fear of litigation is also attracting fewer medical graduates into the specialty, leading to a recruitment crisis in obstetrics and gynaecology. The litigation process can cause pain, suffering and distress to clinicians as well as to the patients and their families. Litigation in maternity services is the result of a complex of events when malpractice (presumed or real) impacts on the attitude of pregnant women and their environment. In such complexity, information is mandatory but may often be misinterpreted. If messages are not tailored to the receiver's capacity, communicating well with the pregnant patient becomes crucial. Therefore, to reduce medicallegal issues in obstetrics, increasing attention and an applicable standard of obstetric care to avoid negligence and medical errors should go along with other measures. Considering UK's experiences, NHS redress scheme make it easier to pursue small claims and birth related claims, without necessarily reducing the number of claims processed through the conventional legal system and perhaps encouraging even more of them. The task of dealing with the greater number of inquiries into their practice would inevitably create an added burden for clinicians and hospital managers. Thus further proposals are required to limit the cost of processing inflated claims and to consider whether clinicians should be given some protection from litigation alleging a failure to prevent birth related impairment.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Purpose: This research project addressed the need to designing more safe and efficient interior of the future ambulance in Korea. Methods: The study sample contained 760 paramedics in 4 districts. Data was collected by using a revised and complemented questionnaire based on literature review. Results: In relation to the efficacy and safety of work, answers related to storage closet showed to be the highest, and the most difficult part of paramedic work in an ambulance was lurching. CPR is the most frequently used emergency care inside an ambulance, but 66% of the paramedics responded that accurate CPR is not possible during vehicle transfer. Safety belts are not worn for 82.8% of the time, because of discomfort (51.3%). 13.8% of the paramedics responded that stretchers are unstable, 29.5% had an experience of having patients fall off the stretcher inside an ambulance. There were comments on installing equipments to prevent noise, and assist communication. Conclusion: The suggested practical layout contains five main modifications 1. Developing specially designed belt is needed for paramedic safety & efficient work. 2. The seats are molded to be ergonomically friendly. 3. Equipments to secure the body and safety devices for CPR are needed. 4. System improvement for communication between the driver seat and paramedics is needed. 5. The stretchers are molded to be maximize efficiency and minimize injury.