• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to identify and describe the leadership experience of advanced practice nurses (APN). Methods : Data were collected through five focus group interviews in 2022 with a total of 24 APNs in groups of 4-6 participants. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results : Nine categories emerged from three main themes. First, "Roles of APN leadership" comprised a trusted clinical expert, a moderator for the entire team, a resource person for nurturing the next generation, and a change agent for improving clinical practice. Second, "Facilitators and barriers to APN leadership" included ambiguity of APN role, support system, and institutional backing. Third, "Strategies for strengthening APN leadership competencies" comprised systematic leadership education and speaking up for APNs. Conclusion : APNs are passionate about their expertise and practice, but lack the legal and organizational authority and support to provide successive leadership. Systematic education including leadership and organizational advocacy will enable APN to provide leadership that benefits patients, institutions, and the wider healthcare system.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.266-278
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate healthcare consumers' interest in patient safety on social media using structural topic modeling (STM) and to identify changes in interest over time. Methods: Analyzing 105,727 posts from Naver news comments, blogs, internet cafés, and Twitter between 2010 and 2022, this study deployed a Python script for data collection and preprocessing. STM analysis was conducted using R, with the documents' publication years serving as metadata to trace the evolution of discussions on patient safety. Results: The analysis identified a total of 13 distinct topics, organized into three primary communities: (1) "Demand for systemic improvement of medical accidents," underscoring the need for legal and regulatory reform to enhance accountability; (2) "Efforts of the government and organizations for safety management," highlighting proactive risk mitigation strategies; and (3) "Medical accidents exposed in the media," reflecting widespread concerns over medical negligence and its repercussions. These findings indicate pervasive concerns regarding medical accountability and transparency among healthcare consumers. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of transparent healthcare policies and practices that openly address patient safety incidents. There is clear advocacy for policy reforms aimed at increasing the accountability and transparency of healthcare providers. Moreover, this study highlights the significance of educational and engagement initiatives involving healthcare consumers in fostering a culture of patient safety. Integrating consumer perspectives into patient safety strategies is crucial for developing a robust safety culture in healthcare.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2022

Immunotherapy has revolutionized and opened a new paradigm for cancer treatment. In the era of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, precision medicine has gained emphasis, and an early response assessment is a key element of this approach. Treatment response assessment for immunotherapy is challenging for radiologists because of the rapid development of immunotherapeutic agents, from immune checkpoint inhibitors to chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, with which many radiologists may not be familiar, and the atypical responses to therapy, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. Therefore, new response assessment methods such as immune response assessment, functional/molecular imaging biomarkers, and artificial intelligence (including radiomics and machine learning approaches) have been developed and investigated. Radiologists should be aware of recent trends in immunotherapy development and new response assessment methods.

• 암석학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2019

울릉도는 동해의 해저에서 3,200 m 판내 알칼리 화산의 상단부로 해수면 위에 984.6 m 높이로 출현한 섬이다. 이는 대체로 현무암질에서 조면암질과 포놀라이트질 마그마의 분출에 의해 형성되었으며, 도동현무암질암류, 울릉층군, 성인봉층군과 나리층군으로 구분된다. 최후기에 형성된 나리층군 중 말잔등응회암은 약 18.8~5.6 ka B.P.에 폭발적으로 분출하였으며, 4개 멤버(N-5, U-4, 3, 2)로 구성되는 두꺼운 화성쇄설성 층서로 이루어져 있다. 화학적 자료에 의하면, 최하부의 N-5는 포놀라이트질이고 불호정성 원소가 상당히 풍부하고 희토류(REE) 패턴이 뚜렷한 부의 Eu 이상을 나타낸다. 상부의 멤버 U-4, 3 및 2는 포놀라이트질 내지 테프리포놀라이트질이고 REE 패턴이 큰 Eu 이상을 가지지 않는다. 변화 경향도에서 많은 원소들은 멤버들간에 조성적 단절을 보여주며, 각 멤버(특히 U-4, 3 및 2) 내에서는 하부에서 상부로 감에 따라 포놀라이트질에서 테프리포놀라이트질로 점진적으로 고철질 조성이 증가하는 체계적인 변화 양상을 보여준다. 이는 마그마챔버 내에서 마그마 조성이 상부의 포놀라이트질에서 하부의 테프리포놀라이트질로 변화하는 고철질 누대를 형성했음을 지시한다. 이 화학적 성층화는 마그마챔버에서 열중력확산, 결정분별작용과 점진적 용융 및 순차적 정치 등에 의해 복합적 기구로부터 일어났다고 생각된다. 이 성층화 마그마는 짧은 기간(약 11 ka) 동안 폭발적으로 분출되었고 작은 칼데라를 형성하였다. 특히 두 멤버(U-3, 2)는 각각 8.4 ka B.P.와 5.6 ka B.P. 시기에 성층화된 마그마챔버에서 상부의 포놀라이트질 조성대로부터 하부의 테프리포놀라이트질 조성대로 점진적으로 분출됨으로서 축적되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2014

Ursolic acid (UA), a type of pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid purified from natural plants, can promote skeletal muscle development. We measured the effect of resistance training (RT) with/without UA on skeletal muscle development and related factors in men. Sixteen healthy male participants (age, $29.37{\pm}5.14$ years; body mass index=$27.13{\pm}2.16kg/m^2$) were randomly assigned to RT (n=7) or RT with UA (RT+UA, n=9) groups. Both groups completed 8 weeks of intervention consisting of 5 sets of 26 exercises, with 10~15 repetitions at 60~80% of 1 repetition maximum and a 60~90-s rest interval between sets, performed 6 times/week. UA or placebo was orally ingested as 1 capsule 3 times/day for 8 weeks. The following factors were measured pre-and post-intervention: body composition, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, and skeletal muscle strength. Body fat percentage was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the RT+UA group, despite body weight, body mass index, lean body mass, glucose, and insulin levels remaining unchanged. IGF-1 and irisin were significantly increased compared with baseline levels in the RT+UA group (p<0.05). Maximal right and left extension (p<0.01), right flexion (p<0.05), and left flexion (p<0.001) were significantly increased compared with baseline levels in the RT+UA group. These findings suggest that UA-induced elevation of serum irisin may be useful as an agent for the enhancement of skeletal muscle strength during RT.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_1호
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• pp.775-784
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• 2020

최근 지구온난화 및 인간 활동 등에 의해 전지구적으로 산불발생이 빈번해지고 있으며, 산불의 규모가 대형화되고 지속기간이 길어지는 경향을 보이면서, 산불 피해 또한 급증하고 있다. MODIS는 20년 가까이 전지구 산불탐지 정보를 제공하고 있고, GK2A와 Himawari-8은 1일 144회의 빈도로 동아시아권의 산불감시를 수행하고 있지만, 1~2 km의 공간해상도는 중·소 규모 산불탐지에 있어서는 충분하지 않으므로 고해상도 위성영상을 이용한 산불탐지 연구가 반드시 필요하다. 그러나 타고있는 산불탐지(active fire detection)에 대한 고해상도 산출물은 현재 공식적으로 존재하지 않는다. 이에, 본연구에서는 Landsat 8 산불탐지 알고리듬을 구현하여 고해상도 산불탐지를 수행하였으며, 최근의 대표적인 산불사례인 2019년 12월 호주 대형산불에 대하여 Landsat 8 탐지 결과를 Himawari-8, MODIS 산출물과 비교하였다. 강한 산불의 경우에는 세 위성 모두 유사한 결과를 보였지만, 타기 시작하거나 진화되고 있는 약한 산불 및 좁은 지역에 발생한 산불은 30m 해상도의 Landsat 8에서만 탐지되었고, 1~2 km 해상도의 Himawari-8나 MODIS에서는 탐지되지 않는 경향이 있었다. 우리나라와 같이 소규모 산불이 대부분인 경우에는 Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, Kompsat-3A, 그리고 2021년 발사예정인 Kompsat-7과 같은 고해상도 위성을 이용한 산불탐지가 가능할 것이며, GK2A, Himawari-8, Fengyun-3 등 동아시아 정지궤도 위성의 탐지결과와 함께 종합적인 분석을 수행한다면, 시간해상도와 공간해상도를 현재보다 향상시키는 것이 가능할 것이다. 이러한 진보된 산불감시를 위해서는 우리나라의 복잡지형에 보다 적합한 한국형 고해상도 산불탐지 알고리듬의 개발이 무엇보다 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

Inflammatory and fibrotic responses are accelerated during the reperfusion period, and excessive fibrosis and inflammation contribute to cardiac malfunction. NecroX compounds have been shown to protect the liver and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to further define the role and mechanism of action of NecroX-5 in regulating inflammation and fibrosis responses in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). We utilized HR-treated rat hearts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated H9C2 culture cells in the presence or absence of NecroX-5 ($10{\mu}mol/L$) treatment as experimental models. Addition of NecroX-5 significantly increased decorin (Dcn) expression levels in HR-treated hearts. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was strongly attenuated in NecroX-5-treated hearts. In addition, significantly increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, and markedly decreased Dcn expression levels, were observed in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cells. Interestingly, NecroX-5 supplementation effectively attenuated the increased expression levels of $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}1$, and pSmad2, as well as the decreased expression of Dcn. Thus, our data demonstrate potential antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of NecroX-5 against cardiac HR injuries via modulation of the $TNF{\alpha}/Dcn/TGF{\beta}1/Smad2$ pathway.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Irisin, a newly identified hormone, is associated with energy homeostasis. We investigated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training intervention could improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle fibronectin domain containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) levels, and plasma irisin in high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a ND (normal diet, n=5) or HFD (n=28) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups for the next 4 weeks: ND, (normal diet, n=5), HFD (high-fat diet, n=7), HFDA (high-fat diet + aged garlic extract, n=7), HFDE (high-fat diet + exercise, n=7), and HFDEA (high-fat diet + exercise + aged garlic extract, n=7). Exercise groups performed treadmill exercises for 15-60 min, 5 days/week, and AGE groups received AGE (2.86 g/kg, orally injected) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight were observed in the ND, HFDE, and HFDEA groups, as compared with the HFD group. Neither intervention affected the masses of the gastrocnemius muscle or liver. There were no significant differences in glucose levels across the groups. The homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the HFD group, as compared with the ND, HFDA, HFDE, and HFDEA groups. However, skeletal muscle FNDC-5 levels and plasma irisin concentrations were unaffected by AGE or exercise in obese rats. AGE supplementation and exercise training did not affect skeletal muscle FNDC-5 or plasma irisin, which are associated with insulin sensitivity in obese rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2016

Mast cells are primary mediators of allergic inflammation. Beta-1,3-glucan (BG) protects against infection and shock by activating immune cells. Activation of the BG receptor induces an increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, which may induce exocytosis. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying BG activation of immune cells and the possible role of mitochondria in this process. The present study examined whether BG induced mast cell degranulation, and evaluated the role of calcium transients during mast cell activation. Our investigation focused on the role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in BG-induced degranulation. Black mouse (C57) bone marrow-derived mast cells were stimulated with $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ BG, $100{\mu}g/ml$ peptidoglycan (PGN), or $10{\mu}M$ A23187 (calcium ionophore), and dynamic changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium and membrane potential were monitored. BG-induced mast cell degranulation occurred in a time-dependent manner, and was significantly reduced under calcium-free conditions. Ruthenium red, a mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter blocker, significantly reduced mast cell degranulation induced by BG, PGN, and A23187. These results suggest that the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter has an important regulatory role in BG-induced mast cell degranulation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2016

Although the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of NecroX-5 on various in vitro and in vivo models have been demonstrated, the action of this compound on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system remains unclear. Here we verify the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity during hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Necrox-5 treatment ($10{\mu}M$) and non-treatment were employed on isolated rat hearts during hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment using an ex vivo Langendorff system. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and non-labeling peptide count protein quantification. Real-time PCR, western blot, citrate synthases and mitochondrial complex activity assays were then performed to assess heart function. Treatment with NecroX-5 during hypoxia significantly preserved electron transport chain proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic functions. NecroX-5 also improved mitochondrial complex I, II, and V function. Additionally, markedly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$) expression levels were observed in NecroX-5-treated rat hearts. These novel results provide convincing evidence for the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and in preserving $PGC1{\alpha}$ during cardiac HR injuries.