• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2002

Nanosized tungsten carbide powders were synthesized by the chemical vapor condensation(CVC) process using the pyrolysis of tungsten hexacarbonyl($W(CO)_6$). The effect of CVC parameters on the formation and the microstructural change of as-prepared powders were studied by XRD, BET and TEM. The loosely agglomerated nanosized tungsten-carbide($WC_{1-x}$) particles having the smooth rounded tetragonal shape could be obtained below $1000^{\circ}C$ in argon and air atmosphere respectively. The grain size of powders was decreased from 53 nm to 28 nm with increasing reaction temperature. The increase of particle size with reaction temperature represented that the condensation of precursor vapor dominated the powder formation in CVC reactor. The powder prepared at $1000^{\circ}C$ was consisted of the pure W and cubic tungsten-carbide ($WC_{1-x}$), and their surfaces had irregular shape because the pure W was formed on the $WC_{1-x}$ powders. The $WC_{1-x}$ and W powders having the average particles size of about 5 nm were produced in vacuum.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2000

NiAl alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying method and bulk specimens were produced using hot isostatic pressing techniques. This study focused on the transformation behavior and properties of Ni-Al mechanically alloyed powders and bulk alloys. Transformation behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), XRD and TEM. Particle size distribution and microstructures of mechanically alloyed powders were studied by particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). After 10 hours milling, XRB peak broadening appeared at the alloyed powders with compositions of Ni-36at%Al to 40at%Al. The NiAl and $Ni_3Al$ intermetallic compounds were formed after water quenching of solution treated powders and bulk samples at $1200^{\circ}C$, but the martensite phase was observed after liquid nitrogen quenching of solution treated powders. However, the formation of $Ni_3Al$ intermetallic compounds were not restricted by fast quenching into liquid nitrogen. It is considered to be caused by fast diffusion of atoms for the formation of stable $\beta$(NiAl) phase and $Ni_3Al$ due to nano sized grains during quenching. Amounts of martensite phase increased as the composition of aluminium component decreased in the Ni-Al alloy, which resulted in the increasing damping properties.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2002

Nanostructured high strength metastable Al-, Mg- and Ti-based alloys containing different amorphous, quasicrystalline and nanocrystalline phases are synthesized by non-equilibrium processing techniques. Such alloys can be prepared by quenching from the melt or by powder metallurgy techniques. This paper focuses on one hand on mechanically alloyed and ball milled powders containing different volume fractions of amorphous or nano-(quasi)crystalline phases, consolidated bulk specimens and, on the other hand. on cast specimens containing different constituent phases with different length-scale. As one example. $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$- based metallic glass matrix composites are produced by mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures containing up to 30 vol.% $Y_2O_3$ particles. The comparison with the particle-free metallic glass reveals that the nanosized second phase oxide particles do not significantly affect the glass-forming ability upon mechanical alloying despite some limited particle dissolution. A supercooled liquid region with an extension of about 50 K can be maintained in the presence of the oxides. The distinct viscosity decrease in the supercooled liquid regime allows to consolidate the powders into bulk samples by uniaxial hot pressing. The $Y_2O_3$ additions increase the mechanical strength of the composites compared to the $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$ metallic glass. The second example deals with Al-Mn-Ce and Al-Cu-Fe composites with quasicrystalline particles as reinforcements, which are prepared by quenching from the melt and by powder metallurgy. $Al_{98-x}Mn_xCe_2$ (x =5,6,7) melt-spun ribbons containing a major quasicrystalline phase coexisting with an Al-matrix on a nanometer scale are pulverized by ball milling. The powders are consolidated by hot extrusion. Grain growth during consolidation causes the formation of a micrometer-scale microstructure. Mechanical alloying of $Al_{63}Cu_{25}Fe_{12}$ leads to single-phase quasicrystalline powders. which are blended with different volume fractions of pure Al-powder and hot extruded forming $Al_{100-x}$$(Al_{0.63}Cu_{0.25}Fe_{0.12})_x$ (x = 40,50,60,80) micrometer-scale composites. Compression test data reveal a high yield strength of ${\sigma}_y{\geq}$700 MPa and a ductility of ${\varepsilon}_{pl}{\geq}$5% for than the Al-Mn-Ce bulk samples. The strength level of the Al-Cu-Fe alloys is ${\sigma}_y{\leq}$550 MPa significantly lower. By the addition of different amounts of aluminum, the mechanical properties can be tuned to a wide range. Finally, a bulk metallic glass-forming Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with in situ formed composite microstructure prepared by both centrifugal and injection casting presents more than 6% plastic strain under compressive stress at room temperature. The in situ formed composite contains dendritic hcp Ti solid solution precipitates and a few $Ti_3Sn,\;{\beta}$-(Cu, Sn) grains dispersed in a glassy matrix. The composite micro- structure can avoid the development of the highly localized shear bands typical for the room temperature defor-mation of monolithic glasses. Instead, widely developed shear bands with evident protuberance are observed. resulting in significant yielding and homogeneous plastic deformation over the entire sample.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2007

Manufacturing bulk nanostructured materials with least grain growth from initial powders is challenging because of the bottle neck of bottom-up methods using the conventional powder metallurgy via compaction and sintering. In the study, densification behavior of nano Cu powders during pressureless sintering was investigated using an in-situ optical dilatometer technique. The initial heating and steady temperature stages during the sintering of nano Cu powder compacts were observed. At the initial heating stage, the powder compact has many porosities and full densification needs high temperature and/or high pressure sintering. In the experimental analysis, changes in geometry and density were measured and discussed for optimal consolidation and densification by the in-situ optical dilatometer.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2000

In order to enhance sinterability of W-Cu composites used for heat sink materials, mechanical alloying process where both homogeneous mixing of component powders and fine dispersion of minor phase can be easily attained was employed. Nanostructured W-Cu powders prepared by mechanical alloying showed W grain size ranged of 20-50 nm and were able to be efficiently sintered owing to the fine particle size as well as uniform distribution of Cu phase. The thermal properties such as electrical resistivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity were evaluated as functions of temperature and Cu content. It was found that the coefficient of thermal expansion could be controlled by changing Cu content. The measured electrical resistivities and thermal diffusivities were also varied with Cu content. The thermal conductivities calculated from the values of resistivities and diffusivities showed similar tendency as a function of temperatures. However, this is in contradiction with thermal conductivities of pure W and Cu which decrease with increasing temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement of Al-20 wt% Si powders without grain growth, which was considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (Equal channel angular pressing), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used for the powder consolidation. The powder ECAP processing with 1, 2, 4 and 8 passes was conducted for 10$0^{\circ}C$ and 20$0^{\circ}C$ It was found by microhardness, compression tests and micro-structure characterization that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively as a result of the well bonded powder contact surface during ECAP process. The SPD processing of powders is a viable method to achieve both fully density and nanostructured materials.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2005

Transition metal ions($Ni^{2+}$, $Cr^{3+}$ and $V^{5+}$) doped $TiO_2$ nanostructured powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying(MA) to shift the adsorption threshold into the visible light region. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET for structural analysis, UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectrum for the optical study. Also, photocatalytic abilities were evaluated by decomposition of 4-chlorophenol(4CP) under ultraviolet and visible light irradiations. Optical studies showed that the absorption wavelength of transition metal ions doped $TiO_2$ powders moved to visible light range, which was believed to be induced by the energy level change due to the doping. Among the prepared $TiO_2$ powders, $NiO^{2+}$ doped $TiO_2$ powders, showed excellent photooxidative ability in 4CP decomposition.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2005

Nanostructured TiN/$TiB_2$/$TiSi_2$ and TiN/$TiB_2$/$Ti_5Si_2$ composite powders have been prepared by mechanochemical reaction from mixtures of Ti, BN, and $Si_3N_4$ powders. The raw materials have reacted to form a uniform mixture of TiN, $TiB_2$ and $TiSi_2$ or $Ti_5Si_3$ depending on the amount of $Si_3N_4$ used in the starting mixtures, and the reaction proceeded through so-called mechanically activated self-sustaining reaction (MSR). Fine TiN and $TiB_2$ crystallites less than a few tens of nanometer were homogeneously dispersed in the amorphous $TiSi_2$ or $Ti_5Si_3$ matrix after milling for 12 hours. These amorphous matrices became crystalline phases after annealing at high temperatures as expected, but the original microstructure did not change significantly.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2009

Nanostructured $ReSi_{1.75}$ was synthesized to have high density via rapid and cost effective process named as high-frequency induction heated combustion synthesis(HFIHCS) method. For the process, mechanically activated Re-Si powder was used, which had been prepared by mechanical ball milling of Re and Si powders with mixing ratio of 1:1.75. Both combustion synthesis and densification were accomplished simultaneously by applying electric current and mechanical pressure of 80 MPa during the process. The average grain size, hardness, and fracture toughness of the compound were 210 nm, 1085 $kg/mm^2$ and 4 $MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$, respectively. The experimental results show that HFIHCS is a promising process for synthesis of nanostructured $ReSi_{1.75}$ which has a potential for both high temperature and thermo-electric applications.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2010

A dense nanostructured MoSi$_{2}$-SiC composite was synthesized by a pulsed current activated combustion synthesis method within 2 min of one step from mechanically activated powders of Mo$_{2}$C and Si. Simultaneous combustion synthesis and consolidation were accomplished under the combined effects of a pulsed current and mechanical pressure. Highly dense MoSi$_{2}$-SiC with a relative density of up to 98% was produced under simultaneous application of an 80 MPa pressure and pulsed current. The average grain size and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated.