• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

The modifying effects of Chelidonium majus L/(Papaeracea)herb extract(CH) ,and analgesic traditionally prescribed for gastric and duodenal ulcer patients, on gastric tumor development given Ν-methyl-Ν'-nitro-Ν-nitrosogyanidine(MNNG) were studied in sixty-four 6 week-old male Wistar rats. Group 1 rats were ini-tially given MNNG(200mg/kg b/w.) by gavage ar days 0 and 14 as well as saturated sodium chloride solution(S-NaCI, 1ml per rat) every 3 days during weeks 0 to 3(6 times) and then placed on basal diet containing 0.1 or 0.2% CH ofr 16 weeks from week 4. Rats of Groups 2 and 3 were treated with MNNG together with S-NaCI or saline(0.9% NaCI, 21ml per rat) respectively, timed as in Group 1 but without further treatment. All survival animals were killed at week 20 and histopathologically investigate. in the glandular stomach, the number of preneoplastic pepsinogen 1 altered pyloric glands(PAPGs) in the MNNG+S-NaCI→CH(0.1%) group(Group 1) was significantly smaller than in the MNNG+S-NaCI group(Group 2)(p<0.02). The inci-dences of forestomach neoplastic lesions (Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas)also showed a tendency for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that C"H exerts inhibitory effects on glandular for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that CH exerts inhibitory effects on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in the rat, so that it may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for stomach cancer in man.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1996

The cominnn plocesses lor rccoremg silver irom silvcr conlaincd waster are the lcachmg silver hy HNO;. the srlcctive precipilillion of sliver ion lo AgCl and thc rcduchon of Ag wrfh ;I proper reductant. In this sludy, thc reduction of AgCI lo Ag was invesllngated by using Na, CO, as a rcd\icta~lt. The variations wcic reaction time. ttmpcrarure thc amount of NalCO, . and the resulls %, ere analyzcd by using sialist~c:d tecl~niques such as the ]polynomial rcgressiun analysis and the response surh~ce method. More than Yh% Ag analyzed was rcduced 1rtm AgCI at 62UT. I hour ullder condillon of 2 stnlchio~nctric ratio of Na iCO, !AgCI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1999

핵연료 피복관은 핵연료에서 방사성 핵분열생성물의 방출을 저지하는 가장 뚱요한 방어막인데, 현재 지르칼로이 4가 피복관의 재료로 사용되고 있다. 사용후 핵연료는 원자력발전소내 습식 저장조에 저장되고 있으나, 지속적인 관리와 장소확보의 용이 성으로 인해 건식 저장조를 사용하는 추세에 있다. 본 연구에선 건식 저장조에 장 기간 저장되는 핵연료 피복관에 주변 환경으로부터 오염될 수 있는 소금기나 기름 등이 지르칼로이의 공기중 산화에 미치는 영향의 존재를 밝히려 한다. 현재 고리 원자력발전소에서 사용중인 핵연료 피복관을 1cm정도 높이로 자르고, 피복관 표면 을 ASTM -G2-88 방법으로 처리한 후 산화실험을 수행하였다. 산화정도는 간헐적 (intermittent) 방법을 사용하여 시편의 무게를 측정하여 구하였으며, 산화온도는 $400-500^{\circ}C$로 하였다. 소금이 흡착이 된 경우, 산화 속도는 흡착이 안된 시편보다 가속되었으며, 거의 이차법칙을 따르고 있다. 산화막 위의 흡착물의 영향을 알아보기 위해, 지르칼로이를 $500^{\circ}C$ 수증기에 $5g/m^2$ 두께로 산화시킨 후, 다시 산화실험을 수행하였다. 사용한 흡착물은 LiF, NaF, KF, NaCI 이다. 흡착물들은 산화를 대체로 가속시켰으며, NaF, KF, NaCI 순으로 그 영향력이 컸다. 그러나, LiF는 산화에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않았다. SIMS를 사용하여 각 시편의 두께에 따른 흡착물의 분포 를 알아보았다. 음이온(CI, F)과 양이온(Na, Li, K)이 산화막과 금속 경계면까지 관 찰되었으며, 음이온과 양이온의 분포는 대게 동일하였다. LiF의 경우 산화막에서 이들의 농도가 급격히 떨어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 산화막 내에서 이들 흡착물의 확산이 산화속도 가속의 원인이며 이들 흡착물중 CI과 F는 산화막과 금속 겸계면 에서 새로 생성되는 산화막의 강도에 영향을 미쳐, 일찍 미세균열을 만들기 시작하여 산화를 가속시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.667-674
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• 2009

This study has carried out to evaluate the effect of NaCI as electrolyte of single (electrolysis and UV process) and complex (electrolysis/UV) processes for the purpose of removal and mineralization of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in water. It also evaluated the synergetic effect on the combination of electrolysis and UV process. The experimental results showed that RhB removal of UV process was decreased with increase of NaCl, while RhB removal of electrolysis and electrolysis/UV process was increased with increase of NaCI. The decolorization rate of the RhB solution in every process was more rapid than the mineralization rate identified by COD removal. The latter took longer time for further oxidation. Absorption spectra of an aqueous solution containing RhB showed a continued diminution of the RhB concentration in the bulk solution: concomitantly, no new absorption peaks appeared. This confirmed the decolorization of RhB, i.e., the breakup of the chromophores. It was observed that RhB removal in electrolysis/UV process is similar to the sum of the UV and electrolysis. However, it was found that the COD of RhB could be degraded more efficiently by the electrolysis/UV process than the sum of the two individual process. A synergetic effect was demonstrated in electrolysis/UV process.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2010

In order to understand the plant responses to salt stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), Chinese cabbage seedlings grown up to two leaf stages by hydroponic culture were used. Fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl), antioxidant materials, polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and inorganic ion level were evaluated. Fresh and dry weights of Chinese cabbage increased with the increase in salinity while the optimal growth occurred at 50 mM NaCl. The Chl a, total Chl, carotenoid content, and Chl a/b ratio increased by the 6 days after treatment with 100 mM NaCI; however, the Chl b content decreased. Glutathione increased in the root of Chinese cabbage for 6 days. Dehydroascorbate increased remarkably by day 6 caused by the salt stress in both leaf and the root. While ascorbate peroxidase increased, the activity of catalase and glutathione reductase decreased gradually in the first leaf for 6 days. The $Na^+$ content increased by 12.5-fold in the 3 days after treatment with 100 mM NaCI in the shoot, whereas the $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$ content measured in the same treatment decreased by 43 to 57%. Spermidine content decreased as salinity increased, but spermine content increased. The growth promotion, glutathione and ascorbic acid content in Chinese cabbage were increased by low salt stress, and shortening of the cultivation period for growth increase of Chinese cabbage is expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.24-25
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• 1991

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1996

Effective method for the preparation of Dongchimi juice was developed by addition of NaCi, sucrose and bydrolytic enzymes before fermentation and addition on Dongchimi juice during fermentation. The radish was ground and suspended in water(1:1, w/v) with addition of spices(garlic, green onion and ginger) followed by fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$. The addition of 2% NaCi and 0.5~2.0% sucrose resulted in significant increase of solid content and it was also improved by the addition of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme during fermentation. When the fermented juices of pH 5.4 of 4.4 were added by 15% of total weight before(pH 5.4 juice)and during (pH 4.4 juice) fermentation, a significant increase in solid content after 24hrs of fermentation was resulted. The combined method of addition of 2% NaCI, 1.0% sucrode, 0.1% Viscozyme and 10% of fermented juice of pH 5.4 and 4.$ before and during fermentation improved solid content, reducing sugar, color and showed little effect on viscosity. The organoleptic characteristics were also improved by the combined method.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.339-356
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to identify the difference between expected and actual corporate image in the market and to verify the possibility of green-oriented corporate identity (CI) visual design as a useful method for communicating with consumers. In addition, this research suggests how green-oriented CI visual design can effectively convey corporate image to consumers. The methods of research used to achieve this aim were case studies and questionnaire surveys. In regard to the results, the difference between consumers'perceived favourable corporate image and companies' expectation about corporate image was found. Moreover, the results show that green-oriented visual identity (VI) design can improve corporate image. In turn, the gap between the expected and actual perception of corporate image can be decreased through green-oriented design. Based on these results, a method of effective development for green-oriented VI design is recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.413-418
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• 2000

The test results on the deterioration process of concrete under single and combined action of chloride penetration have been obtained. Within the test period of 15 weeks, it is seen that the internally penetrated chloride ion contents are slightly less in the combined action of NaCI and $Na_2SO_4$ than the single action of NaCI. Also the theoretical prediction of chloride penetration based on measured diffusion coefficient agress well with the test data of single deterioration process but disagress with that of combined process. Therefore it should be needed that improved chloride diffusion model for the combined deterioration process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

Eight-week old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Reveille) plants were exposed to different NO3-concentrations or osmotic stress with NaCI. Previously labeled "N was chased during 14 days of non-labeled'NO3 feeding in order to investigate NO3 metabolism in relation to osmoregulation. The short termmeasurement of osmotic potential showed that the extemal concentration of Nos- had not great effect on theosmotic potential, but that osmotic adjustment was observed in NaCl-treated plants. Total uptake of NO 3 - waslargely increased by increasing supply level of NO3 while it was depressed by exposing to osmotic stress.Nitrate reduction increased to more than 29% by increasing extemal NO,- concentration from 1 mM to 10mM. When osmotically stressed with NaCI, nitrate reduction was depressed to about 37% as compared to thecontrol. The decrease in translocation of reduced N into leaves was also observed in NaCl exposed plants. Inthe medium exposed to 10 mM NO,., osmotic contribution of nitrate to cumulative osmotic potential wasdecreased, and it was osmotically compensated with soluble carbohydrate. When osmotically stressed withNaC1, the contribution of chloride was much higher than that of nitrate. The present data indicate that N03-in plant tissues, factually affected by the assimilation of this ion, plays an active role in osmotic regulation incorrelation with other osmotica such carbohydrate and chloride.(Key words : Nitrate metabolism, Osmotic stress, Nitrate supply level, Osmoregulation)ate supply level, Osmoregulation)