• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

This study was an attempt to investigate various factions, such as the calorie, nutrient intake, physical activity, blood lipids, obesity prevalence and body fat distribution on NIDDM male diabetics. General characteristics, physical activity and exercise levels of subjects were invesigated by interviewing, daily calorie and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participats : weight, height. Also waist and hip circumference were measured on 174 male diabetics to get waist-to-hip circumference ratio as index of the body fat distribution. For measurement of plasma lipids, 12-hour fasting blood samples were drawn The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. At the onset of diabetes, the major self-diagnosed symptoms were polydipsia, fatigue, and body weight redution 2. The average of daily energy intake of male diabetics was 2106 Kcal which is 96% of the RDA Percentage of energy is that carbohydrate:protein : pat=70:14:16. 3. Among the NIDDM male subjects, 59% was exercise regularly. 4. Obese subjects above in the ideal body weight of 120% are presently 17%, but 39% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the male NIDDM diabetics is 23.3${\pm}$2.6 and the past mean BMI was 25.2${\pm}$2.7 The mean WHR was 0.93${\pm}$0.10. 5. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, energy intake, blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups, but LDL and VLDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the obese group. 6. RBW did not correlate with cholesterol and triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, these results from a present study support previous findings indicating that not only the degree of obesity but also the localization of fat is a risk factor for diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. Methods: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular & triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI$\geq$25kg/m$^2$, nonobese: BMI<25kg/m$^2$). The data was analyzed by $X^2$, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. Result: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (p=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). Conclusion: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1034-1043
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• 2001

To determine the frequency of past and present obesity among patients with NIDDM and to identify the differences of body fat, blood pressure and C-peptide/glucose ratio according to obese diabetic patients (BMI$\geq$25 kg/$m^2$) and nonobese (BMI<25 kg/$m^2$). Also the final factor is to observe the anthrometric change patterns in the study. Method: The weight at 20 years-old, previous maximal body weight, and acute weight loss were queried. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist & hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and fasting C-peptide were measured in one hundred sixty-seven NIDDM patients. The differences of the parameters ccording to obese and nonobese, and three anthropometric change patterns were analyzed. Result: Results were as follows: 1. 66.5 % of the NIDDM patients had a history of past obesity as assessed by their maximum weight, while only 33.2% of them were currently obese (p's < 0.001). 2. The waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thicknesses, systolic, diastolic & mean arterial blood pressure in obese patients were greater than those of nonobese patients (all p's < 0.001). 3. The waist and the hip circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses (subscapula & triceps) were highest among the obese-obese group. WHR and abdominal skinfold thickness in the obese-obese and obese-nonobese groups were higher than those in the nonobese- nonobese group. Systolic & diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures in the obese-obese group were higher than those of obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese groups(all p's < 0.005). 4. The abdominal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in female diabetic patients were greater than those of male patients (all p's <0.0001). Conclusion: Although most Korean NIDDM patients were previously obese, many of them were not obese during the course of the study. Greater central and upper body adiposicity and higher blood pressure was shown in obese diabetic patients. Also, greater central and upper body adiposicity was demonstrated in female diabetic patients.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 1997

To estimate association of minerals relating to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) the contents of essential minerals and toxic heavy metals in the scalp hair were measured during the period from March 1993 to June 1993. The cases were selected 69 (32 male, 37 female) from the patients who visited Kyungpook University Hospital during the period from March 1993 to June 1993 and 74 controls (47 male 27 female) from normal population. zinc, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium and aluminum were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer(IL. 551). The results were summarized as follows. In NIDDM group, mean contents of zinc and copper were $132.99{\pm}19.66$ ppm, $8.58{\pm}5.07$ ppm respectively; where as $152.51{\pm}46.15$ ppm, $12.48{\pm}6.56$ ppm in control group. The mean of above two mineral content showed significant difference statistically (p<0.01). But, in manganese the content of NIDDM group; $0.44{\pm}0.27$ ppm were significantly higher than the control group; $0.34{\pm}0.18$ ppm(p<0.05). A thesis submitted to the Council of the Graduate School of Kyungpook National University in partial fulfillment of the require ements for the degree of Ph.D. in Medical Science in June 1994. The mean contents of toxic metals - lead, cadmium, aluminum - in NIDDM group were $10.04{\pm}4.60$ ppm, $0.57{\pm}0.12$ ppm, $11.31{\pm}3.98$ ppm; whereas $8.10{\pm}2.45$ ppm, $0.41{\pm}0.23$ ppm, $7.61{\pm}4.16$ ppm in control group. The mean of above three mineral showed significant difference statistically(p<0.01). Cadmium, zinc and copper were selected statistically significant variables with presence of the NIDDM by multiple logistic regression analysis; copper, zinc and cadmium may be associated with NIDDM.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of Qurs-e-Ziabetus 16 (QZ-16) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. QZ-16, a polypharmaceutical herbomineral formulation developed on the principles of Unani medicine is used for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and urea observed in rats treated with STZ (55 mg/kg body wt.) were significantly reduced by the treatment of QZ-16 (240 mg/kg, p.o.) and gliclazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The reduced HDL cholesterol levels were also increased by the QZ-16 and gliclazide treatments in the STZ induced diabetic rats. These data show that QZ-16 has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2013

Alloxan administration in rats is used as a model for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). NIDDM is a multifactorial disease, characterized by hyperglycemia and lipoprotein abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis (FRN) through the regulation of glucose uptake in alloxan-induced rats. Fermented R. nulubilis was administered orally for 28 d at 500 mg/kg of body weight. Body weight and food intake were monitored every day. Biochemical parameters were quantified after 4 week. In the diabetic + FRN group, body weight increased significantly and blood glucose concentrations decreased when compared to those of the diabetic group. After 2 hr of administration, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) indicated a significant reduction in the diabetic + FRN group compared to diabetic group. The diabetic + FRN group experienced a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, coronary risk factors, and malondialdehyde concentrations, with significantly increased high density lipoprotein compared to those of diabetic group. These results demonstrate that fermented R. nulubilis possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.821-824
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate tile effects of the Paecilomyces japonica on blood glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus volunteers. During the 3 months of the experimental period, freeze-dried powder of Paecilomyces japonica (2 g/meal) was given to the subjects right before each meal. Paecilomyces japonica caused a significant decrease of $27.5\%\;and\;35.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, respectively. There were significant reductions of $28.5\%\;and\;33.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of the male subjects, respectively Paecilomyces japonica also significantly decreased in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of $26.1\%\;and\;37.3\%$ in female patients after treatment. This study shows that Paecilomyces japonica supplementation significantly lowered the fasting and postprandial glucose levels in NIDDM patients. These effects presumably contribute to the hypoglycemic activity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.234-250
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• 2024

Background The impact of diabetes on complication rates following free flap (FF), pedicled flap (PF), and amputation (AMP) procedures on the lower extremity (LE) is examined. Methods Patients who underwent LE PF, FF, and AMP procedures were identified from the 2010 to 2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP®) database using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases-9/10 codes, excluding cases for non-LE pathologies. The cohort was divided into diabetics and nondiabetics. Univariate and adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Among 38,998 patients undergoing LE procedures, 58% were diabetic. Among diabetics, 95% underwent AMP, 5% underwent PF, and <1% underwent FF. Across all procedure types, noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were associated with significantly greater all-cause complication rates compared with absence of diabetes, and IDDM was generally higher risk than NIDDM. Among diabetics, complication rates were not significantly different across procedure types (IDDM: p = 0.5969; NIDDM: p = 0.1902). On adjusted subgroup analysis by diabetic status, flap procedures were not associated with higher odds of complications compared with amputation for IDDM and NIDDM patients. Length of stay > 30 days was statistically associated with IDDM, particularly those undergoing FF (AMP: 5%, PF: 7%, FF: 14%, p = 0.0004). Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of preoperative diabetic optimization prior to LE procedures. For diabetic patients, there were few significant differences in complication rates across procedure type, suggesting that diabetic patients are not at higher risk of complications when attempting limb salvage instead of amputation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2004

This study was carried out to provide information on the effect of nutrition education program for diabetic patients at the Guri City's Public Health Center. Subjects of this study were 31 persons(male 7, female 24) who attended all courses of "2002 Diabetes Education Class". They were indicated as the 'education group'(EG). Eating and living habits of EG were investigated before the education. EG's weight and blood glucose (post prandial 2 hours, PP2) were examined as well. EG's PP2 reduction was compared with a 'control group'(CG) who didn't join any course in that class. All of the subjects were non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. EG's average age was 62.4$\pm$8.8. Before taking the course, EG's PP2 was 251.5$\pm$29.6mg/dl, and body mass index(BMI) was 26.3$\pm$2.3 on average. Most of them were stressed out from their daily lives and usually had no exercise. Most people of EG ate meals rapidly and liked sweet and fatty foods. After the course of training, EG's weight and BMI before the training were not decreased significantly. However, all of the EG's PP2s, which were measured 4 times(before the meal at the special lunch session, after 2 hours at this meal, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks dietary assembly), were decreased in comparison with the PP2 which was checked prior to joining the training. EG's average PP2 was more reduced than CG's one. In addition, all groups' PP2s were decreased for 8 weeks. After all, this nutritional education at the public health center was effective in glycemic control for diabetes mellitus patients. Especially, when the dietary assembly as practical training was included in the educational process, the patient's dietary intake and PP2 was improved more effectively. Therefore, this study suggests that nutrition work at public health centers is necessary for the Health Promotion Policy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.625-637
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• 1998

To determine factors affecting self-care behavior of diabetics, the relationships of hardiness, family support, demographic and medical variables to self-care behavior were investigated in 180 samples with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 26.76% of the variance in self-care behavior was accounted for by family support(15.52%), age(7.76%), and clinical history (2.07%). To compare the magnitude of predictor's significance by gender, stepwise multiple regression was conducted seperatively by gender group. In the male sample 25.22% of the variance in self-care behavior was accounted for by family support, age, and challenge. In the female sample family support, age, and committment were significant predictors in self-care behavior with 28.82% of the variance. The results highlight the value of family support in self-care behavior in diabetics regardless of gender difference. According to the finding of this study, family support is the most significant predictor of self-care behavior in NIDDM. This implicates that in future diabetic care, a family member should be encouraged to participate in the patient education process. Also as hardiness is not supported by a unidimensional construct, more empirical studies are recommended to differentiate the conceptual traits for the three subconcepts of hardiness.