• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

Providing safety training to construction workers is essential to reduce safety accidents at the construction site. With the prosperity of visualization technologies, Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) has been adopted for construction safety training by providing interactive learning experiences in a virtual environment. Previous research efforts on IVR-based training have found that the level of fidelity of interaction between real and virtual worlds is one of the important factors contributing to the sense of presence that would affect training performance. Various interactive devices that link activities between real and virtual worlds have been applied in IVR-based training, ranging from existing computer input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.) to specially designed devices such as high-end VR simulators. However, the need for high-fidelity interactive devices may hinder the applicability of IVR-based training as they would be more expensive than IVR headsets. In this regard, this study aims to understand the impact of the level of fidelity of interactive devices in the sense of presence in a virtual environment and the training performance during IVR-based forklift safety training. We conducted a comparative study by recruiting sixty participants, splitting them into two groups, and then providing different interactive devices such as a keyboard for a low fidelity group and a steering wheel and pedals for a high-fidelity group. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the sense of presence and task performance. These results indicate that the use of low-fidelity interactive devices would be acceptable for IVR-based safety training as safety training focuses on delivering safety knowledge, and thus would be different from skill transferring training that may need more realistic interaction between real and virtual worlds.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.117-125
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• 2024

The research purpose outlined emphasizes the growing need for systematic and professional disaster education for nurses and nursing students, driven by the increasing occurrence of natural and large-scale social disasters. The study, a systematic literature review, analyzed the effects of educational interventions in disaster education targeting this demographic. The research method involved a literature search in major Korean databases using keywords related to disaster, education programs, and simulations. The findings highlighted that most programs utilized a combination of theoretical lectures, simulations, and debriefing methods, with intervention times ranging from less than 2 hours to between 40 and 56 hours. The primary outcomes measured were disaster nursing preparedness and performance abilities, with the programs showing positive effects on variables such as disaster nursing readiness, performance ability, attitude, knowledge, awareness, learning self-efficacy, practice satisfaction, and confidence in disaster nursing. The study suggests the importance of designing programs that offer participants realistic learning experiences through diverse intervention times and methods and emphasizes the need to verify the effectiveness of these programs.

• Trans-
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• v.16
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• pp.107-133
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• 2024

Narratives are fundamental to human cognition and social culture, serving as the primary means by which individuals and societies construct meaning, share experiences, and convey cultural and moral values. The field of artificial intelligence, which seeks to mimic human thought and behavior, has long studied story generation and story understanding, and today's Large Language Models are demonstrating remarkable narrative capabilities based on advances in natural language processing. This situation raises a variety of changes and new issues, but a comprehensive discussion of them is hard to find. This paper aims to provide a holistic view of the current state and future changes by exploring the intersections and interactions of human and AI narrative intelligence. This paper begins with a review of multidisciplinary research on the intrinsic relationship between humans and narrative, represented by the term Homo narrans, and then provide a historical overview of how narrative has been studied in the field of AI. This paper then explore the possibilities and limitations of narrative intelligence as revealed by today's Large Language Models, and present three philosophical challenges for understanding the implications of AI with narrative intelligence.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.506-514
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• 2006

purpose of this work was to study the applied effects of out-of-class Chemical Experience Learning (CEL) Programs on scientific process skills and science-related attitude for middle school students. The out-of-class CEL Programs which were developed to make the funny out-of-class chemistry and the exciting science class', included the nature-friendly chemical experiments suitable for natural environment and composed of real life-centered experiences. The out-of-class CEL programs were applied to natural environment through all-day improvement activity. The science club students in D middle school in Busan were selected as the objects of the study consisting of one experiment group and one control group. The out-of-class CEL programs were applied to the experiment group and traditional class method was applied to the control group. The change of scientific process skills and science-related attitudes between two groups were compared and analyzed. And students reaction on the out-of-class CEL programs was investigated. As a result, out-of-class nature-friendly chemical experiments were improved scientific process skills and science-related attitudes of middle school students. Also, more than 70% of students in the experimental group gave positive feedbacks to the out-of-class CEL programs and increased attention, interest, and degree of self-participation in science.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.195-207
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• 2016

Because the high latitude region in the North Pacific is characterized by high primary production in the surface water enriched with nutrients, it is important to understand the variation of surface water productivity and associated nutrient variability in terms of global carbon cycle. Surface water productivity change or its related nutrient utilization rate during the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG; ca. 2.73 Ma) has been reported, but little is known about such circumstances under gradual climate cooling since the NHG. Bulk nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$) of sedimentary organic matter has been used for the reconstruction of nutrient utilization rate in the surface water. However, sedimentary organic matter experiences diagenesis incessantly during sinking through the water column and after burial within the sediments. Thus, in this study we examine the degree of nitrate utilization rate during the early Pleistocene (2.4-1.25 Ma) since the NHG, using the diatom-bound nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$), which is known to be little influenced by diagenesis, from Site U1343 in the Bering slope area. ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values range from ~0.5 to 5.5‰, which is lower than ${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$ values, but they vary with larger amplitude. Variation patterns between ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values and biogenic opal concentration are generally consistent, which indicates that the nitrate utilization rate is closely related to opal productivity change in the surface water. A positive correlation between opal productivity and nitrate utilization rate was observed, which is different from the other high latitude regions in the North Pacific. The main reason for this contrasting relationship is that the primary production in the surface water at Site U1343 is influenced mostly by the degree of sea ice formation. Still, although concerns about diagenetic alteration have been avoided by using ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$, the effects of the preservation state of biogenic opal and the species-dependent isotopic fractionation on ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ should be assessed in the future studies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

As a basic data to build a countermeasures against coastal disaster, the conscious survey of people living around the coastal are is needed. This study performed the conscious survey on 5 islands located at Korean southeast ocean including Youngdo of Busan. Among many respondents, 503 effective answers are got and followings are the analyzed results. Among the various kinds of disasters, especially the typhoon(28%), storm surge(19%), earthquake(15%) are selected as menacing disasters in mind to coastal inhabitants. Typhoon(60%) and storm surge(21%) were the representative disasters that the coastal inhabitants experienced. 67% among the respondents get the disaster-related information from TV and/or commercial medias, and other 21% depend on their own experiences. Although 33% of respondents attended the disaster-related training and the training time was less than 2 hours, they answered the training was very helpful. Over 85% among the respondents answered they will evacuate if a disaster occur, but only 19% know the evacuee shelter(s). Except the foods, various living goods are selected and willing to carry with for living at shelter if they have to evacuate.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-261
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• 2014

This study was performed in order to grasp the trends of elementary school children and their parents on their purchasing behavior of processed foods, awareness of food additives and its education experience by analyzing the safety assessment reports of food additives in 2008~2013. The most important factor in purchasing processed foods was safety in both groups followed by nutrition in parents and taste in children, respectively. While purchasing foods, the first item that is checked has been shifted from food additives to the origin of the products. Parents still perceived food additives as the most hazardous factor for food safety; however, recently, children began to regard microbial contaminants as being most hazardous, which is regarded as a desirable educational effect. The most concerned food additives were preservatives, synthetic seasoning and colorants in both groups. However, the awareness level on food additives still remained low as 3.0~3.1/5.0 for parents and 2.4~2.9/5.0 for children. Educational experience on food additives increased in children from 12% in 2008 to 25% in 2013; however, it decreased in parents from 23% in 2008 to 15% in 2013. Information needs for food additives by education and promotion were very high both in parents (4.2~4.5) and children (3.8~4.1). Both groups had an interest in the safety, legal standards of food additives, and foods with food additives, in order. The most reliable resource institutions on food additives were university/research institute and hospital for parents, but, hospital and government for children. The preferred media on food additives were TV and the internet for parents, and school newsletter and TV for children. Overall, the above results demonstrated that the perceptions on food additives did not change much with parents during the last 6 years; however, children's perceptions began to show improvement with the increase of educational experience. Hence, the government needs to make efforts to increase the trust level of consumers by developing educational tools and providing educational experiences including mass media for the promotion of risk communication on food additives.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.453-482
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• 2011

Until now and in the studying of fantastic literature, there has been likely to regard the character as secondary element, compared to their actions. However, it has to be recognized that the characters is a barometer to divide the boundary among the marvellous literature, or fantasy, magic realism, etc., in particular it is an important narrative element to understand an epistemological vision of fantastic literature. This thesis analyzes the characters, focusing on two dimensions divided such as between protagonist/antagonist and protagonist narrator/editor narrator. The characters in fantastic literature are usually set-up as people like ourselves, because it is necessary for the readers to consider the supernatural phenomenon as real world situation. The reason why many characters in fantastic literature usually meet a tragic end is that the structure of fantastic literature embedded unresolved supernatural confusion into ordinary order in the end, while antagonists are viewed as holders of extraordinariness and they are far from vero-similarity. Together with usual characters who represent the world of logic and reason, antagonists who seek to understand more about the universe totally and thus regarded as symbols of intuition and imagination and ultimately are the elements of fantastic literature. On the other hand, the "first person narrator" is divided between "protagonist narrator" who narrates the supernatural things through his/her own experience to readers and "editor narrator" who narrates the other's experiences. Particularly in the case of "editor narrator", he/she may narrates the stories with different explication and angle, which lead to hesitation and confusion for readers to identify between reality and unreality or natural logic and supernatural one. Even though there are various categories in fantastic literature, this thesis exclude 'neo fantastic', 'metaphysical fantastic' ones, characterized as a possibility of convergence with the secondary interpretation and symbolic implication. Beyond these materials, the literatures which involved with this thesis and analysis are normally related with traditional fantastic literary works which supernatural events intervene in real world and bring out collision between real and unreal, or natural and supernatural logics. Based on this criteria, this thesis chooses literary works such as "De los Reyes Futuros", "El Perjurio de la Nieve" written by Adolfo Bioy Casares who is a representative author in Latin American fantastic literature.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

The sense of touch by natural wind is one of the most common feels that every person experiences in daily life. However, it has been rarely studied how natural wind can be reproduced in a VR environment and whether the multisensory contents equipped with artificial winds do improve human emotion or not. To address these issues, we first propose a wind reproduction VR system guided by video and wind capture data and also study the effect of the system on positive affect. We collected wind direction and speed data together with a 360-degree video on a yacht. These pieces of data were used to produce a multisensory VR environment by our wind reproduction VR system. 19 college students participated in the experiments, where the Korean version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS) was introduced to measure their emotions. Through the K-PANAS, we found that 'inspired' and 'active' emotions increase significantly after experiencing the yacht VR contents with artificial wind. Our experimental results also show that another emotion, 'interested', is most notably affected depending on the presence of the wind. The presented system can be effectively used in various VR applications such as interactive media and experiential contents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2024

This study is based on the design project of 'Sun-Garden' within the Solaseado Solar Power Plant located in Solaseado, which is a New City being developed in Haenam, Jeollanam-do. The purpose of this study is to create an integrated and sustainable energyscape that harmonizes energy infrastructure with the natural environment, while supporting the city's carbon neutrality agenda. To achieve this, design principles were established by considering three key aspects. The first aspect is economic, which seeks to create multifunctional spaces that integrate nature and technology, pursuing long-term sustainability while generating additional economic value. The second aspect is natural, emphasizing the creation of planting environments that conserve and enhance ecosystems, introduce region-specific species, and maintain ecosystem services and sustainable resource use. The third aspect is landscape, offering sensory and educational experiences to visitors and functioning as a landmark that symbolizes the carbon-neutral garden city of Solaseado through the aesthetic harmony of nature and technology. Through the creation of the 'Sun-Garden,' the Solaseado Solar Power Plant exemplifies a sustainable energyscape development model that merges economic, environmental, and landscape aspects beyond the conventional energy production facility. This project is expected to provide guidelines and implications for future energy infrastructure design, contributing to global energy transition efforts.