• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2007

본 실험은 서로 다른 온도조건하에서 두 가지 Na 화합물을 이용하여 Ca-벤토나이트를 Na-벤토나이트 전환하였다. 두 가지 Na 화합물은 양이온 원으로 Na를 가지고 있는 5가지 화합물 중에서 선택하였다. 전환된 Na-벤토나이트의 팽창능은 Na의 농도가 높아질수록 증가하였으며 반면 온도가 증가할수록 최대 Na 농도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Na_2CO_3 은 조사된 Na-화합물 중에서 최대 팽창능을 보여주었으며 팽창지수는 처리온도가 최대 100 에 도달할 때까지 최고로 증가하였다. 동일 Na 처리농도에서는 팽창지수는 체류시간이 증가하거나 온도가 높아질 때 다소 감소하였다. 전환된 Na-벤토나이트의 흡착은 조사된 Pb나 Cd의 평형농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 Pb의 흡착량이 Cd보다 다소 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 전환된 Na-벤토나이트에 Pb와 Cd의 흡착은 5 % $Na_2CO_3$. ${\approx}$ 5% $NaHCO_3$ > 3 % $NaHCO_3$ > 3 % $Na_2CO_3$ > 1 % $NaHCO_3$ > 1 % $Na_2CO_3$ > 원형 Na-B > 원형 Ca-B. 그러나 이러한 결과는 CEC에 따른 흡착의 결과와는 다소 상반되는 결과를 보여주고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.1776-1783
• /
• 2002

A population segregating for the naked neck (Na) gene was used to evaluate its effect on fast growing broilers at heat stress. An experimental stock comparable to those of modern broilers was established by backcrossing to colour synthetic male and female lines. Matings between heterozygous (Na/na) males and females produced normally feathered (na/na), heterozygous (Na/na) and homozygous (Na/Na) chicks for the present study. Day old to seven week old coloured broilers of three genotypes viz. normally feathered (na/na), heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) and homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) were compared for heat dissipation, growth performance, body conformation traits, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits in tropical climate. In hot climate, naked neck broilers had significantly less body temperature and better heat dissipation capabilities as compared to normal broilers. The naked neck broilers had significantly higher body weight and better feed conversion ratio than na/na broilers. The Na/Na or Na/na broilers exhibited higher giblet yield, blood loss and lower feather mass compared to na/na broilers. The results indicated that the reduction in feather coverage in Na/Na and Na/na broilers facilitates better heat dissipation with lower body temperature, more body weight gain, better FCR and carcass traits compared to normal broilers.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.70-73
• /
• 1999

$SiO_{2}/(NaOH+Na_{2}CO_{3})=2~20\;and\;H_{2}O/(NaOH+Na_{2}CO_{3})=200~250$인 몰 비 조건에서 무저어형 심리카를 $170~180^{\circ}C$, 48~120시간에 걸쳐 수열반응 시켰다. $SiO_{2}/(NaOH+Na_{2}CO_{3})=3~20$의 몰비 조건에서 Na-kenyaite 결정은 중간 생성물인 Na-magadiite 결정의 생성을 거치지 않고 무정형 실리카로부터 직접 형성되었다. $SiO_{2}/(NaOH+Na_{2}CO_{3})=3~10$ 이상의 몰 비에서는 항상 Na-kenyaite와 함께 무정형 실리카가 잔류물로 남아있었다. 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 Na-kenyaite와 함께 무정형 실리카가 잔류물로 남아있었다. 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 Na-kenyaite 결정 모양은 꽃잎 모양의 판들이 모여서 이루어진 둥근 다발과 같은 형태를 보여주었으며, 반응시간이 경과하면 결정 다발은 개개의 판들로 나누어진 보다 작은 조각들로 분리된 모양을 보여주었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1292-1300
• /
• 1995

The ionic conductivity of NASICON solid electrolytes was simulated by using Monte Carlo Method (MCM). There were included two conduction paths: (1) Na1-Na2 and (2) Na1-Na2 including Na2-Na2. We assumed that mid-Na ions provde an additional driving force for Na mobile ions due to the interionic repulsion between Na1 and Na2 ions. The inflection point of vacancy availability factor, V has been shown at nearby x=2, the maximum mid-Na ions. The inflection point of vacancy availability factor, V has been shown at nearby x=2, the maximum mid-Na sites are occupied. The effective jump frequency factor, V has been shown at nearby x=2, the maximum mid-Na sites are occupied. The effective jump frequency factor, W increased rapidly with the composition at low temperature, but decreased at high temperature region. On Na1-Na2 conduction path, the minimum of charge correlation factor, fc and the maximum of $\sigma$T were appeared at x=2.0. this indicated that mid-Na ions affect on the high ionic conductivity behavior. At the whole range of NASICON composition, 1n $\sigma$T vs. 1/T* plots have been shown Arrhenius behavior but 1n (VWFc) vs. 1/T* have been shown the Arrhenius type tendency at x=2, which mid-Na is being the maximum. The results of MCM agreed with the experimental one when the chosen saddle point value was 6$\varepsilon$ : 3$\varepsilon$. Here the calculated characteristic parameter of materials, K and the phase transition temperature were -4.001$\times$103 and 178$^{\circ}C$ (1/T*=1.92, 1000/T=2.22), respectively.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2015

PTMSP에 0~50 wt% NaA Zeolite를 첨가하여 PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막을 제조하고, PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막의 특성을 FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, GPC, DSC, TGA, SEM에 의해서 조사하였다. PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막의 수소와 질소에 대한 투과도와 선택성을 NaA Zeolite 함량에 따라 조사하였다. TGA측정에 의하면 PTMSP에 NaA Zeolite가 첨가되었을 때 복합막의 감량이 완결되는 온도는 낮아졌고, 감량(wt%)도 작아졌다. SEM관찰에 의하면 NaA Zeolite는 PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막 내에 $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$ 크기로 분산되어 있었다. PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막에 대한 $N_2$와 $H_2$의 투과도는 NaA Zeolite 함량이 증가하면 증가하였다. 그리고 PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막의 $N_2$에 대한 $H_2$의 선택성은 NaA Zeolite함량이 증가하면 감소하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.645-652
• /
• 1996

The ionic conductivity of NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor) solid electrolyte was simulated by using Monte Carlo Method (MCM)based on a hopping model. We assumed that the conduction path of Na ions is Na1→mid-Na→Na2 where the mid-Na sites are shallow potential sites to induce 'a breathing-like movement' of Na ions in the NASICON framework. The minimum of charge correlation factor Fc and the maximum of appeared at nearby x=2.0 The occupancy of mid-Na site affected the depth of potential barrier and the conduc-tivity of the NASICON. At above x=0.3 ln σT vs. 1/T* plots have been shown Arrhenius behavior but in (VWfc)vs. 1/T* have been shown the Arrhenius type tendency at x=1 MCM results accorded with the experi-mental procedure. The role of mid-Na on Na+ ion conduction could be explained by an additional driving force and a breating-like movement model for motions of Na+ ions in the NASICON framework. As we couldn't clearly remarked the model which is the better it seems reasonable to conclude that these hypothesies are suitable to explain the FIC behavior at NASICON.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 1993

중성염이 단백질의 거품성에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 NaF, $Na_2SO_4$, NaCl, $NaNO_3$ 및 NaSCN 등 5종 중성염을 가지고 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0 M 농도별로 sodium caseinate(5%, w/v)에 작용시켜 이들 염류가 거품성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. NaSCN을 제외한 모든 염류들은 거품형성능 증진효과가 있었고, 거품형성능을 위한 염류의 최적농도는 $Na_2SO_4$, NaCl 및 NaSCN에서 각각 0.5, 1.5 및 1.0 M이었으며, NaF 및 $NaNO_3$에서는 각각 0.5 및 2.0 M 농도에서 거품형성능이 양호하였다. 거품안정성은 0.5 M $Na_2SO_4$의 경우 37.0분(대조구 4.0) 으로서 가장 양호하였으며 0.5M NaF에서도 28.6분으로써 크게 증가하였으나, NaSCN의 경우는 역으로 모두 감소하였다. 거품안정성이 가장 양호한 것으로 나타난 0.5 M 농도의 경우, 거품안정성의 크기는 $Na_2SO_4$>NaF>$NaNO_3$>NaCl>NaSCN의 순으로 나타났으며 이는 음이온이 단백질의 염석효과를 나타내는 Hofmeister 계열순서와 거의 일치하였다. 본 실험의 중성염을 첨가하여 조제한 단백질 시료용액의 경우, 혼탁도, 표면장력 및 절대점도의 증감에 따른 거품성의 뚜렷한 변화는 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.341-349
• /
• 1987

Dietary intakes of na include both the amount present in food materials (nondiscretionary Na intake) and the amount added during cooking and eating to increase salty taste and flavor (discretionary Na intake). In the present study, total Na intake was measured by duplicate food sample collected from each subject for 1 day, nondiscretionary Na intake was calculated by dietary intake record, optimum gustation of salt was measured of from pooled 3-day urine collection in healthy female college students, to measure Na intake more accurately and to find suitable method to estimate total Na intake. Mean values of total, discretionary and mondiscretionary Na intakes were 169.6 mEq, 46.2mEq, and 123.4mEq. respectively. Mean 24-hour urinary Na excretion was 137.9mEq., which was about 84.5% of total intake. Subjects with optimum gustation of salt equal to or higher than 0.5% had significantly higher total Na intake and urinary Na excretion compared to subjects with optimum gustation of salt lower than 5%. Total Na intake of subjects were significantly correlated with optimum gustation of salt, non-discretionary and discretionary Na intakes, and urinary Na excretion. Multiple regression analysis showed that the best estimate of total Na intake is obtained when both optimum gustation of salt and non-discredinary Na intake were used as independent variables (r=.7071). Among the equations using one independent variable, regression, equation with urinary Na excretion provides the best approximation (r=.6627) of total Na intake.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2015

PDMS에 NaA zeolite를 0~40 wt% 가하여 PDMS-NaA zeolite 막을 제조하였다. SEM 관찰에 의하면 PDMS-NaA zeolite 막 내에 분산되어있는 NaA zeolite 입자의 크기는 $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$이었다. PDMS-NaA zeolite 막의 $N_2$와 $H_2$ 투과도는 막 내의 NaA zeolite 함량이 증가하면 증가하였고, $N_2$보다는 $H_2$의 투과도가 더 컸다. 그리고 PDMS-NaA zeolite 선택성($H_2/N_2$)은 NaA zeolite 함량이 증가하면 증가하였다.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.171-185
• /
• 2000

Siliceous mudstones are embedded on a large scale in the Tertiary formations of Pohang area. Some useful zeolites such as NsP, (Na, TMA)P, analcime and hydroxysodalite were synthesized from the siliceous mudstones by treating with the variety of solution, i.e ., NaOH, NaOH+NaCl, NaOH, NaOH+$NaAlO_2$and NaOH+TMAOH at the low-temperature hydrothermal system ranging 60~12$0^{\circ}C$. Major precursor of zeolites is found as opal-CT in the zeolite-forming reaction. Smectite, which is included in considerable amounts in the mudstone, appears to play a major role of Al-source in the zeolite synthesis. In comparison, chalcedonic quartz and mica are rather insoluble in alkaline solution, and thus, these are observed as major impurities in the reaction products. An addition of $NaAlO_2$to NaOH solution is effective for eliminating these impurities in the reaction procedure, through these are partly dissolved when elevating the reaction temperature, concentration, and time. Phase change from NaP to hydroxysodalite takes place at the NaOH concentrations of 3.0~4.0 M, and the reaction is not sensitive to the temperature shift. NaP is more stable at lower NaOH concentration and higher activity of $Na_{+}$ whereas analcime is sensitive to the temperature change and stable at higher than $100^{\circ}C$ and 2.0~4.0 M in NaOH concentration. For the pure NaP synthesis without any other products, the treatment of mudstones with 1:1 solution of NaOH and $NaAlO _2$ turns out to be quite effective. NaP was successfully synthesized together with analcime at $100^{\circ}C$ as well as lower concentrations of NaOH+NaCl solution. In addition, the organic type, (Na, TMA)P was formed together with smectite in the 1:1 solution of NaOH and TMAOH.