• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2000

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제20권1_2호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2006

In this paper we consider the set of all n + 1-tuples of real numbers, not necessarily all distinct, in the decreasing order from the unit interval under the usual ordering of real numbers, always including 1. Such n + 1-tuples inherently arise as the membership values of fuzzy subsets and are called keychains. An natural equivalence relation is introduced on this set and the equivalence classes of keychains are studied here. The number of such keychains is finite and the set of all keychains is a lattice under the coordinate-wise ordering. Thus keychains are subchains of a finite chain of real numbers in the unit interval. We study some of their properties and give some applications to counting fuzzy subsets of finite sets.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1103-1113
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• 2016

In this paper, we study a directed simple graph ${\Gamma}_S(N)$ for a near-ring N, where the set $V^*(N)$ of vertices is the set of all left N-subsets of N with nonzero left annihilators and for any two distinct vertices $I,J{\in}V^*(N)$, I is adjacent to J if and only if IJ = 0. Here, we deal with the diameter, girth and coloring of the graph ${\Gamma}_S(N)$. Moreover, we prove a sufficient condition for occurrence of a regular element of the near-ring N in the left annihilator of some vertex in the strong zero-divisor graph ${\Gamma}_S(N)$.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Powell-Miller theory is a good method to express or treat incorrect information. But it has limitation that requires too much time to apply to actual situation because computational complexity increases in exponential and functional way. Accordingly, there have been several attempts to reduce computational complexity but side effect followed - certainty factor fell. This study suggested expanded Approximation Algorithm. Expanded Approximation Algorithm is a method to consider both smallest supersets and largest subsets to expand basic space into a space including inverse set and to reduce Approximation error. By using expanded Approximation Algorithm suggested in the study, basic probability assignment function value of subsets was alloted and added to basic probability assignment function value of sets related to the subsets. This made subsets newly created become Approximation more efficiently. As a result, it could be known that certain function value which is based on basic probability assignment function is closely near actual optimal result. And certainty in correctness can be obtained while computational complexity could be reduced. by using Algorithm suggested in the study, exact information necessary for a system can be obtained.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2005

목적: 영양상태가 면역력과 상관관계가 있다는 점에 착안하여 위암 환자에서의 혈청 알부민수치와 림프구아형의 수적인 병화에 근거하여 그 상관관계를 확인하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 8월부터 2004년 8월까지 위암으로 진단 받고 수술을 시행한 한자 중에서 수술 전에 말초혈액 림프구아형 검사를 시행한 환자 150명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 위암 환자에서 혈청 알부민수치 변화에 따른 림프구아형의 병화를 비교하였고, 각 병기에 따른 변화도 비교하였다. 3.2 mg/dl를 기준으로 환자들을 구분하였을 때 말초혈액 림프구수, CD3+ 세포, CD4+ 세포, CD8+ 세포, CD16+56 세포수는 혈청 알부민 수치가 3.2 mg/dl 이상인 군보다 3.2 mg/dl 미만인 군에서 의미 있게 감소한 것을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.05). 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 제1기(n=59)에서는 CD16+ 세포수의 감소, CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 의미 있는 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 제IV기(n=33)에서도 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 CD19+세포를 제외한 나머지 모든 림프구아형의 수적인 감소가 있었고 CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 결론: 혈청알부민수치가 낮은 군이 정상인 군보다 전반적인 림프구아형의 절대수가 낮다. 이에 근거하여 위암 환자에서 영양상태와 면역상태는 깊은 상관관계가 있음을 다시 확인하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.317-335
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• 2003

In this paper, we characterize SL(2, $\mathbb{C}$)-representations of an n-periodic link $\tilde{L}$ in terms of SL(2, $\mathbb{C}$)-representations of its quotient link L and express the SL(2, $\mathbb{C}$)-representation variety R($\tilde{L}$) of $\tilde{L}$ as the union of n affine algebraic subsets which have the same dimension. Also, we show that the dimension of R($\tilde{L}$) is bounded by the dimensions of affine algebraic subsets of the SL(2, $\mathbb{C}$)-representation variety R(L) of its quotient link L.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2012

For displaying multivariate numerical data on a 2D plane by the projection, principal components biplot and the GGobi are two main tools of data visualization. The biplot is very useful for capturing the global shape of the dataset, by representing $n$ observations and $p$ variables simultaneously on a single graph. The GGobi shows a dynamic movie of the images of $n$ observations projected onto a sequence of unit vectors floating on the $p$-dimensional sphere. Even though these two methods are certainly very valuable, there are drawbacks. The biplot is too condensed to describe the detailed parts of the data, and the GGobi is too burdensome for ordinary data analyses. In this paper, "the local projective display(LPD)" is proposed for visualizing multivariate numerical data. Main steps of the LDP are 1) $k$-means clustering of the data into $k$ subsets, 2) drawing $k$ principal components biplots of individual subsets, and 3) sequencing $k$ plots by Hurley's (2004) endlink algorithm for cognitive continuity.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

Posner [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 8 (1957), 1093-1100] defined a derivation on prime rings and Herstein [Canad, Math. Bull. 21 (1978), 369-370] derived commutative property of prime ring with derivations. Recently, Bergen [Canad. Math. Bull. 26 (1983), 267-227], Bell and Daif [Acta. Math. Hunger. 66 (1995), 337-343] studied derivations in primes and semiprime rings. Also, in near-ring theory, Bell and Mason [Near-Rungs and Near-Fields (pp. 31-35), Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Tubingen, 1985. Noth-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987; Math. J. Okayama Univ. 34 (1992), 135-144] and Cho [Pusan Kyongnam Math. J. 12 (1996), no. 1, 63-69] researched derivations in prime and semiprime near-rings. In this paper, Posner, Bell and Mason＇s results are extended in prime near-rings with some conditions.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Objectives This study intended to identify the deficits of cognitive control among patients with bipolar I disorder and their first-degree relatives, and identify the possibility of cognitive control as an endophenotype of bipolar disorder. Methods The study included three groups: euthymic states patients with bipolar I disorder (n = 55), unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with bipolar I disorder (n = 30), and a healthy control group (n = 51), that was matched on age, sex, and years of education. The AX version of the continuous performance test (CPT) was used to examine cognitive control. Error rate, correct response times of each subsets (AX, BX, AY, BY), and d' as an indication of accuracy sensitivity index were calculated. Psychopathology, intelligence, and psychomotor speed were also assessed. Results Patients with bipolar I disorder showed significantly worse error rates in the AX (p = 0.01) and BX (p = 0.02) subsets and d' (p = 0.05) than the others. They also showed more delayed correct response times than the healthy control group and first-degree relatives in all subsets (p < 0.01). But first-degree relatives showed neither high error rates nor delayed correct response times than healthy control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that cognitive control is impaired in bipolar I disorder but less likely to be an endophynotype of bipolar I disorder.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2020

Let X ⊂ ℙ^r be an integral and non-degenerate variety. Set n := dim(X). Let 𝜌(X)" be the maximal integer such that every zero-dimensional scheme Z ⊂ X smoothable in X is linearly independent. We prove that X is linearly normal if 𝜌(X)" ≥ 2⌈(r + 2)/2⌉ and that 𝜌(X)" < 2⌈(r + 1)/(n + 1)⌉, unless either n = r or X is a rational normal curve.