• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.35T no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 1998

This paper describes color clustering method based on color difference in the uniform Munsell color space obtained from hue, saturation, and value. The proposed method operates in the uniform HSV color space which is approximated using ${L^*}{a^*}{b^*}$ coordinate system based on the RGB inputs. A clustering and color difference evaluation are proposed by thresholding NBS unit which is likely to Balinkin color difference equation. Region segmentation and isolation process are carried out ISO DATA algorithm which is a self iterative clustering technique. Through the clustering of 2 input images according to the threshold value, satisfactory results are obtained. So, in conclusion, it is possible to extract result of better region segmentation using human color perception of the objects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.457-466
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to research the similarity and difference of color application in culture of Korea and China. The subject of this research is the costume color of Changgeuk and Beijing opera. First, a bibliographical inquiry includes the attributes of cultural color in Korea and China and the costume attributes of Changgeuk and Beijing opera. Second, this survey analyzes Munsell's 3 attributes(Hue, Value, Chroma), tone by extracted color data. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The cultural color factors of Korea and China are classified geographical factor, internal cultural factor and external cultural factor. 2. Changgeuk costume much more used high value and medium & low chroma for korean temperate climate. But Beijing opera costume prefers high-medium value and low chroma color, various ranges of color because of China huge land and various climates, as geographical factor. 3. Changgeuk costume much more used YR color(no-dyeing color) because of korean white robe preference. Beijing opera costume much more used R color than Changgeuk costume because of traditional preference of R color, as infernal cultural factor. 4. Changgeuk costume and Beijing opera costume show the practical use of ascetic cole. like as jade green. Ojungsaek much less used than Obangsaek by the theory of exponents of the five elements doctrine, as external cultural factor.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, people need healing. Research in neuroarchitecture shows that people feel happy and stable when working with nature, and patients heal quickly. Therefore, This study aims to quantitatively analyze the colors that help psychological healing in the painting images depicting nature by setting 'Natural Colors' of Biophilic Design as the subject of research. So the purpose of this study was to measure Biophilic Color and to develop Biophilic Color Palette. We extracted Biophilic colors using Impressionist Monet's Landscape painting. After extracting colors using Photoshop Color Picker, we converted RGB color code to NCS color code and Munsell color code. The results of this study were as follows; The ratio of Y was high in the GY-series and YR-series. This is due to the characteristic of impressionism that expresses the change of color by light in close relationship with light. Y is universally considered to be pleasant, representing happiness, sunshine and optimism. Therefore, it is possible to create an environment that helps psychological healing by utilizing the Y-series color palette. Average Blackness was 28. Average Chromaticness was 34.61. The significance of this study is to propose a biophilic color palette that is useful for psychological healing by quantifying the color code of biophilic colors depicted and expressed with adjective images and idiomatic color names. Quantitative and empirical studies on healing colors are needed continuously and should be actively utilized in healing environment planning.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.9-12
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• 2000

This paper proposes an improved image illumination estimation method based on the conventional color constancy algorithm. The most important process of color constancy algorithm is the estimation of the spectral distributions of illuminant of an input image. To estimate of the spectral distributions of illuminant of an input image, we use the brightest pixel values and the values of surface reflectance of an input image using a principal component analysis of the given munsell chips. We estimate a CIE tristimulus values of an input image using the estimated .spectral distribution of illuminant and recover an image by scaling it regularity. From the experimental results, the proposed method was effective in estimating the image illumination

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2022

Natural colorants are regarded as substitutes for synthetic colorants in the fields of fiber dyeing, hair dyeing, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of natural colorants has been increased in view of global environment and sustainability. However, scientific approach to the production is required because the supply of natural colorants depends on the climate, soil, and cultivation methods. This brief review contains the advances in science and technology related to natural colorants including characterization, analysis, CIEL^*a^*b^* and Munsell color systems, and future prospects. For the characterization and the analysis of natural colorants, chromatography, some spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR), mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction are generally used.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.769-781
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• 1997

The tristimulus values of 180 extracted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured by colorimeter. And it were colnverted to Munsell color order system(Hue, Value, Chroma) and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color coordinates. The commonly used Vita, and Bioform shade guides, 2 composite resin shade guides(Prisma APH and Z-100), and a glass-ionomer shade guide(Fuji II) were compared with these teeth. At the middle facial surface, color distributions of teeth were Hue(0.56YR to 9.77Y), Value(2.46 to 7.9), and Chroma(0.14 to 2.02). And the aberaged values and standard deviations for $L^*a^*b^*$ were $63.18{\pm}10.44$, $1.11{\pm}1.66$, and $5.79{\pm}2.36$. The shade guide did not match well with the color space of the human teeth. Especially, the lacks of the Yellow-red Hues and higher values were prominent. Compare with other measurements, the Hues of the teeth measured in this study were broadly distributed(most of ranges in Y and YR were included), while the Value and chroma were shown to the lower.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.238-250
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• 2012

This study examined the degradation behavior of SB(standard berberine) dye and SB dyed silk using HPLC-MS instrument after degradation in the hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet ray radiation/oxygen system up to 9 days and 40 hours respectively. In the degraded samples, berberine was detected at 5.2 min in the SB dye and 5.3 min in the SB dyed silk with its molecular ion=336 and the UV spectra of quaternary alkaloid. Degradation product 3(m/z=102) newly appeared after 5 day degradation treatment with continued increase till the end of degradation treatment. The amount of berberine in the degraded dye decreased with degradation progression. In the silk dyeings, berberine was detected only up to 21 hour degradation sample. The amount of berberine decreased dramatically during the first 6 hours of degradation treatment. The CIELAB color measurement of the silk dyeings showed dramatic change in the b* value, near zero in the 40 hour degraded silk. CIELAB and Munsell color measurements were in agreement with the HPLC-MS results of the dyed silk in the change of berberine content that the degraded silk became white and lost yellow color.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

This study examined the dyeing characteristics and spectrum of cotton and silk by using dyeing solution extracted from aronia. The value $L^{\ast}$ which indicates the brightness of cotton regardless of mordant increases with increasing pH from pH 3.5 to pH 10.5. The color difference value(${\Delta}E$) of the cotton was generally high in pH 3.5 regardless of mordant existence. The silk showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 3.5 dye solution as cotton did. On the other hand, the silk with mordant dyed showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 7. Silk fabrics dyed with Aronia solution turns out red in pH 3.5, blue in pH 7 and yellow in pH 10.5. This is because of the amino acid, one of the silk ingredients, combines with a part of anthocyanin to show blue. As the result of the spectrum measurement, the maximum absorption wavelength of Aronia solution was increased in the order of pH 10.5, pH 3.5 and pH 7, regardless of extraction temperature and mordant. The measurement results of color fastness to washing and color fastness to light are generally low. Therefore, there is a need for further study to improve color fatness in the future.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

To develope natural dyeing materials from the unused plant materials, we had several dyeing experiments to investigate the optimum conditions of dyeing fabrics with the waste grape juice. Dyeing experiments were done under different dyeing conditions of dyeing time, dyeing temperature, pH and concentration of dyebath and mordants which were treated after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were silk, cotton, ramie and hemp. Color difference(${\Delta}E$) and Munsell's HV/C of the dyed fabrics and color fastness of silk dyed fabrics to dry cleaning, washing, rubbing, perspiration and light were measured. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were very slightly increased with dyeing time and the color of dyed silk was light purple and the cotton, ramie and hemp was light red purple. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color became lighter with dyeing temperature increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color changed from light purple to blue with the pH of dyebath increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were slightly increased with the concentration of dyebath increased. The color of dyed fabric changed with the mordant treatment and were different among the experimental fabrics. On the whole, blue tone increased with the Al and Fe mordant and green tone increased with the Cu mordant. The color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to light, washing (change) and perspiration (change) was bad and color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing were good.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.547-552
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• 2005

The study has objective in raising value of the gray color as a meaningful color suiting sentiments of modern people by expressing the gray color in various perspective utilizing natural dyes that is natural at the same time having aesthetic color tones. For example, the main ingredient used for coloring black and gray color is the pyrogallol tannin and the gray tone dye can be acquired by combining the tannin with iron. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of Gallapple pyrogallol tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of Gallapple tannin was at around 273 nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of Gallapple tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consist highly of gray tones and showed red tone after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Lightfastness was more on a normal fading. I hope this study opens up possibilities towards presenting gray color expressed from tannin as color with diversity and aesthetic value. In future, comparative study between dye expressed from catechol tannin dye materials will be helpful.