• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.400-413
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• 2021

This paper theoretically and empirically explores the reliability gain that can be obtained by installing multiple antennas in on-vehicle broadcasting receivers. Analytical derivations reveal that maximal-ratio-combining-based diversity allows a multi-antenna receiver (MR) to achieve significantly better coverage probability than a single-antenna receiver (SR). In particular, the notable MR gains for low-power reception and high-throughput services are highlighted. We also discuss various aspects of mobile MRs, including geometric coverage, volume of the users served, and impact of receiver velocity. To examine the feasibility of MRs in the real world, extensive field experiments were conducted, particularly with on-air ATSC 3.0 broadcast transmissions. Relying on the celebrated erroneous second ratio criterion, MRs with two and four antennas were verified to achieve notable reliability gains over SRs in practice. Furthermore, our results also prove that layered-division multiplexing can cope better with receiver mobility than traditional time-division multiplexing when multiple services are intended in the same radio frequency channel.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.713-718
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 하나의 단말기로 다수의 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 5밴드 폴디드 모노폴 안테나를 설계 제작하였다. 폴디드 모노폴 안테나의 접힌 구조를 통한 직렬 커패시턴스 보상과 물리적인 길이를 조절하여 이득을 높일 수 있는 특성을 이용하였다. 이 안테나는 CDMA/GSM/DCS/USPCS/WCDMA 5밴드 대역 특성을 만족하고 있으며, 제작에 있어서도 기존의 프레스 제작 형태가 아닌 유연성 기판(flexible PCB) 기술을 이용함으로써 낮은 생산 가격을 실현하였다 정합단을 적용한 안테나는 5밴드 대역에서 최대 이득 $-2.51{\sim}+1.82 dBi$ 결과가 나왔고, 방사 패턴 또한 전방향성 특성을 얻었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 지난 호 브랜치 루프안테나 BLA(Branch Loop Antenna)에 이어 휴대 단말기용 연장 루프안테나를 설계한다. 사각형 루프에 연장 루프를 추가한 ELA(Extended Loop Antenna)를 소개하고, 휴대 단말기에 적용될 수 있음을 보인다. 연장 루프 소자를 사각형 루프안테나 상단 및 좌우양단에 추가하고, 길이를 조절하여 낮은 공진 주파수를 얻는다. 연장 루프에 의한 다중 공진을 얻고, 접속위치와 길이로부터 원하는 대역을 얻는다. 설계한 ELA를 구현한 후 측정으로부터, CDMA/GSM의 낮은 주파수 대역에서 평균이득 -3.0~-1.46dBi 및 50.15~71.41% 효율의 양호한 특성을 얻었고, DCS/USPCS/WCDMA의 높은 주파수 대역에서는 평균이득 -8.28~-1.7dBi 및 14.87~67.68% 효율을 얻었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1606-1626
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• 2012

This paper investigates the performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) two-way relaying system with antenna correlation. The system consists of two multiple-antenna sources, which exchange information via the aid of a single-antenna relay. In particular, we derive the exact outage probability expression. Furthermore, we provide a simple, tight closed-form lower bound for the outage probability. Based on the lower bound, we obtain the closed-form asymptotic outage probability and the average symbol error rate expressions at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which reveal the system's diversity order and coding gain with antenna correlation. To investigate the system's throughput performance with antenna correlation, we also derive a closed-form lower bound for the average sum-rate, which is quite tight from medium to high SNR regime. The analytical results readily enable us to obtain insight into the effect of antenna correlation on the system's performance. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the analytical results.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

In modern wireless communication systems including beamformers or location-based services (LBS), which employ multiple antenna elements, estimating the number of signals is essential for accurately determining the quality of the communication service. Representative signal number estimation algorithms including the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and minimum description length (MDL) algorithms, which are information theoretical criterion models, determine the number of signals based on a reference value that minimizes each criterion. In general, increasing the number of elements mounted onto the array antenna enhances the performance of estimating the number of signals; however, it increases the computational complexity of the estimation algorithm. In addition, various configurations of array antennas for the increased number of antenna elements should be considered to efficiently utilize them in a limited location. In this paper, we introduce an efficient signal number estimation algorithm based on the beamspace based AIC and MDL techniques that reduce the computational complexity by reducing the dimension of a uniform circular array antenna. Since this algorithm is based on a uniform circular array antenna, it presents the advantages of a circular array antenna. The performance of the proposed signal number estimation algorithm is evaluated through computer simulation examples.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2045-2049
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• 2018

An antenna arrays for a satellite navigation systems require more antenna elements to mitigate multiple jamming signals. In order to maintain the small array size while increasing the number of antenna elements, miniaturization technique is essential for antenna design. In this work, an electrically small circular microstrip patch antenna with a 3 dB hybrid coupler is designed as an element antenna, where the 3 dB hybrid coupler can yield the circularly polarized radiation characteristic. The miniaturized element antenna typically has too large capacitance in GPS L1 and GLONASS G1 bands, making it difficult to match with a single stand-alone non-Foster matching circuit (NFMC) in a stable state. Therefore, we propose a new matching technique, referred to as the hybrid matching method, which consists of a NFMC and a passive circuit. This passive tuning circuit manages reactance of antenna elements at an appropriate capacitance without a pole in the operating frequency range. The antenna array is fabricated, and the measured results show a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB and an isolation of greater than 50 dB. In addition, peak gain of the proposed antenna is increased by 22.3 dB compared to the antenna without the hybrid matching network.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

In this paper, we have studied the performance of the AOA (Angle of Arrival) in multi-antenna systems for LBS (Location Based Services) and we also analyzed the performance of the AOA in SISO (Single Input Single Output) in multipath environments and their differences. The adequacy of AOA positioning in new communication environments was determined. Currently used positioning methods in 3G communication environment has been developed based on SISO. However, the accuracy of SISO-based TOA (Time of Arrival), TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival), AOA positioning techniques degraded in multipath environments. The communication system will be changed and developed. According to enhanced positioning techniques are required. Using antenna characteristics and the phase difference between antennas of LTE-Advanced standard's key technique MIMO system AOA positioning, and SISO based AOA positioning performance were analyzed. We found that AOA technique potential for use based on Multiple antenna systems by computer simulations.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.151-154
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• 2004

In this paper. we present the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz dual band antenna for a multiple PCB (Printed Circuit Board) antenna. Using antenna has a monopole structure with lines on FR-4(${\varepsilon}_r\;{\approx}\;4.6$) PCB. The obtained antenna can perform in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and be adopted for other wireless applications.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2017

The radiation properties and fabrication precautions of a 3D printed, electrically small folded spherical meander wire monopole antenna are investigated. The antenna is self-resonant and shows sufficiently high radiation efficiency at an electrical size ka of 0.4, with the radiation quality factor Q approaching the lower physical bound. In antenna fabrication, the possible structural deformation due to gravity is examined before the antenna frame is 3D-printed. The required conductivity is achieved by multiple manual paintings of a silver paste. The radiation efficiency and pattern show very good agreement with the computed expectations, whereas the resonant frequency deviates by 11.8%. The method to minimize such a fabrication error when using 3D printing technology for wire antennas is discussed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1389-1390
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• 2008

In this paper, a This paper presents the Hilbert curve Fractal Antenna has properties of Self-similarity and Plane-Filling. In case of fractal antenna is very useful to be small and multiple resonant. The antenna has a resonant frequency of 910MHz and 2450MHz base on RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification). In particular, we designed tag antenna by the $4^{th}$ repeat. According to the repeated number of fractal structures, resonance frequency became looking downward. Theses presented Frequency, Such as 910MHz and 2450MHz, at $S_{11}$ is -31dB and -19dB, bandwidth 120MHz and 90MHz to VSWR 2:1.