• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.1015-1020
• /
• 2023

A multi-layer design is applied to mitigate single event effect (SEE) in a 28 nm System-on-Chip (SoC). It depends on asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), redundancy and system watchdog. Irradiation tests utilized 70 and 90 MeV proton beams to examine its performance through comparative analysis. Via examining SEEs in on-chip memory (OCM), compared with the trial without applying the multi-layer design, the test results demonstrate that the adopted multi-layer design can effectively mitigate SEEs in the SoC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.7B
• /
• pp.601-607
• /
• 2008

The induced voltages by AT power feeding system of electrified traction line to telecommunication line are calculated with the method of multi-conductor line solution in the CCITT Directives. There is a screening effect by railway line itself among various shielding factors against induction. It is the argue point whether the multi-conductor line solution contains the railway line effect since the calculation method does not show any expression about shielding factors. So this paper illuminates the mysterious question by reviewing the shielding factor principle on traction system, scrutinizing the Japanese bible about induction, analyzing the multi-conductor line solution itself, and comparing the result calculation considering the effect of railway screen. This paper concludes that multi-conductor line solution contains the screening effect of railway lines.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2013

In this study, we have carried out development and performance evaluation of optimized MEMS(Multi-Effect-Multi-Stage) fresh water generator with $7m^2/day$ for solar thermal desalination system. The developed MEMS was composed of high temperature part and low temperature part. This arrangement has the advantage of increasing the availability of solar thermal energy. The MEMS consists of 2 steam generators, 5 evaporators, and 1 condenser. Tubes of heat exchanger used for steam generators, evaporators and condenser were manufactured by corrugated tubes. The performance of the MEMS was tested through in-door experiments, using an electric heater as heat source. The experimental conditions for each parameters were $20^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to condenser, $8.16m^2$ /hour sea water inlet volume flow rate, $70^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature to generator of high temperature part, 3.6 4.8, 6.0 $m^2/hour$ for hot water inlet volume flow rate. As a result, The developed MEMS was required about 85 kW heating source to produce $7m^2/day$ of fresh water. It was analyzed that the performance ratio of MEMS was about 2.6.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1369-1389
• /
• 2015

In order to investigate the behaviour of lying multi-stud connectors in cable-pylon anchorage zone, twenty-four push-out tests are carried out with different stud numbers and diameters. The effect of concrete block width and tensile force on shear strength is investigated using the developed and verified finite element model. The results show that the shear strength of the lying multi-stud connectors is reduced in comparison with the lying single-stud connector. The reduction increases with the increasing of the number of studs in the vertical direction. The influence of the stud number on the strength reduction of the lying multi-stud connectors is decreased under combined shear and tension loads compared with under pure shear. Yet, due to multi-stud effect, they still can't be ignored. The concrete block width has a non-negligible effect on the shear strength of the lying multi-stud connectors and therefore should be chosen properly when designing push-out specimens. No obvious difference is observed between the strength reductions of the studs with 22 mm and 25 mm diameters. The shear strengths obtained from the tests are compared with those predicted by AASHTO LRFD and Eurocode 4. Eurocode 4 generally gives conservative predictions of the shear strength, while AASHTO LRFD overestimates the shear strength. In addition, the lying multi-stud connectors with the diameters of 22 m and 25 mm both exhibit adequate ductility according to Eurocode 4. An expression of load-slip curve is proposed for the lying multi-stud connectors and shows good agreement with the test results.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to examine the pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial effect of a soft contact lens multi-purpose solution (MPS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was incubated in the Muller Hinton Broth culture, and treated with 5 MPSs. TO investigate the antibacterial efficiency of MPSs, UV spectrometer was used for measuring optical density of pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial effect of 4 MPSs was significant except for one MPS. This result suggested that the antibacterial effect of MPSs is dependant on their components, pH. Therefore they had antibacterial effect of the pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological Effect of multi-herbal drug 'KOCO-P1' on human hepatocyte HepG2 cells. Methods : Multi-herbal drug 'KOCO-P1' was composed of Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma, Liriopis Tuber, and Scrophulariae Radix. Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activity of KOCO-P1 was verificated by MTT assay. And antioxidative effect of KOCO-P1 against EtOH, Nicotine was inspected by Hydroperoxide assay. Results : KOCO-P1 showed no cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells for 24, 48 hours. KOCO-P1 at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ reduced the production of H2O2 in HepG2 cells by EtOH. KOCO-P1 at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ reduced the production of $H_2O_2$ in $HepG_2$ cells by Nicotine. Conclusions : KOCO-P1 at the low concentration could be supposed to have antioxidative effect on human hepatocyte with no cytotoxicity.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : Durability of concrete is traditionally based on evaluating the effect of a single deterioration mechanism such as freezing & thawing action, chloride attack, carbonation and chemical attack. In reality, however, concrete structures are subjected to varying environmental exposure conditions which often results in multi-deterioration mechanism occurring. This study presents the experimental results on the durability of concrete incorporating air-cooled slag(AS) and/or water-cooled slag(WS) exposed to multi-deterioration environments of chloride attack and freezing & thawing action. METHODS : In order to evaluate durable performance of concretes exposed to single- and multi-deterioration, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, mass ratio and compressive strength measurements were performed. RESULTS :It was observed that multi-deterioration severely affected durability of concrete compared with single deterioration irrespective of concrete types. Additionally, the replacement of cement by AS and WS showed a beneficial effect on enhancement of concrete durability. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that resistance to single- and/or multi-deterioration of concrete is highly dependent on the types of binder used in the concrete. Showing the a good resistance to multi-deterioration with concrete incorporating AS, it is also concluded that the AS possibly is an option for concrete materials, especially under severe environments.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Multi-dimensional prices comprise multiple components such as monthly payments and a number of payments rather than a single lump-sum amount. According to previous studies, an increase in the number of price dimensions leads to a massive amount of cognitive stress resulting in incorrect calculation, and deterioration in the consistency of the price judgment. However, an increase only in the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices does not always result in a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of price evaluation. Since diverse variables could affect consumers' purchase-decision-making process, the results of price evaluation would be different. In this study, an empirical analysis was performed to determine how the accuracy of price evaluation varies depending on the extent of the complexity of price dimensions using product involvement and brand preference as moderating variables. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on 260 students, and 252 effective responses were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. In this study, six hypotheses were developed to examine the effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation effort of multi-dimensional prices. Results - As the number of price dimensions increased, accuracy of price evaluation appeared to be low in high involvement, as expected. However, it showed no differences in price evaluation effort when the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices is low. When a small number of price dimensions are presented in both cases of high and low involvement, accuracy of price evaluation is much higher in a weak brand preference. On the contrary, a strong brand preference enhances an accuracy of price evaluation only in case of low involvement when the number of price dimensions is increased. An interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation of multi-dimensional prices did not exist irrespective of the level of complexity of calculating prices being high or low. Conclusions - When the number of price dimensions is small, consumers' effort for price evaluation shows almost no difference without the moderating effect of involvement, and a weak brand preference leads to a higher accuracy of price evaluation in an effort to make the best selection. No interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference was found except for a main effect of brand preference. When a price is composed of multiple dimensions rendering it more difficult to calculate the final price, the effort for price evaluation was expected to decrease only slightly in case of combination of high involvement and strong brand preference. This is because people have a higher purchase intentions and trust for that particular brand. However, the accuracy of price evaluation was much lower in cases of high involvement, and there was no interaction effect between product involvement and brand preference except for a main effect of involvement and brand preference, respectively.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2013

The multi-stage control valve is one of the devices which controls cavitation and high pressure drop. To attain the high pressure drop, the conventional control valves adopted the multi-stage trim to avoid the occurrence of local cavitation in valves. This work studied the effect of divergence angle on the characteristics of multi-stage trim. Pressure drop and flow characteristics was calculated for the 1 passage of multi-staged trim by using the FLUENT 6.3.26. The result showed that the pressure drop is significantly influenced by the divergence angle of multi-stage trim. In addition, the pressure drop increased consistently as the Reynolds number and divergence angle increases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.668-676
• /
• 2017

A two-dimensional numerical investigation is performed to study the influence of slot width of multi-stage stationary floating overtopping wave energy devices on overtopping flow rate and performance. The hydraulic efficiency based on captured crest energy of different device layouts is compared with that of single-stage device to determine the effect of the geometrical design. The results show optimal trends giving a huge increase in overtopping energy. Plots of efficiency versus the relative slot width show that, for multi-stage devices, the greatest hydraulic efficiency is achieved at an intermediate value of the variable within the parametric range considered, relative slot width of 0.15 and 0.2 depending on design layouts. Moreover, an application of adaptive slot width of multi-stage device is investigated. The numerical results show that the overall hydraulic efficiency of non-adaptive and adaptive slot devices are approximately on par. The effect of adaptive slot width on performance can be negligible.