• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate inorganic characteristics of Devonian bitumen carbonates in Alberta using two drilling cores, Saleski 03-34-88-20w4 and Saleski 08-01-88-20w4, taken from the Core Research Center (CRC) of Canada. The bitumen carbonates are mainly composed of less than 0.2 mm dolomites and some carbonate includes small amount of quartz and calcite. The bitumen carbonates from two cores are interpreted to have formed in similar sedimentary environments and dolomitization processes. Carbonates from Saleski 03-34-88-20w4 core were formed under higher inflow of clastic sediment than those from Saleski 08-01-88-20w4 core. Range of crystallization temperature of dolomites in the both bitumen carbonate cores is about 40~$55^{\circ}C$. Dolomitizing fluid of the bitumen carbonates would be Devonian seawater. Bitumen carbonates from Cairn Formation, compared with the CRC cores, have experienced a similar crystallization temperature, but dolmititizing fluid of the bitumen carbonates from Cairn Formation have been modified from the isotopic exchange with continental crust.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

Migration velocity analysis (MVA) for creating optimum depth-domain velocities in seismic imaging was applied to marine long-offset multi-channel data, and the effectiveness of the MVA approach was demonstrated by the combinations of conventional data processing procedures. The time-domain images generated by conventional time-processing scheme has been considered to be sufficient so far for the seismic stratigraphic interpretation. However, when the purpose of the seismic imaging moves to the hydrocarbon exploration, especially in the geologic modeling of the oil and gas play or lead area, drilling prognosis, in-place hydrocarbon volume estimation, the seismic images should be converted into depth domain or depth processing should be applied in the processing phase. CMP-based velocity analysis, which is mainly based on several approximations in the data domain, inherently contains errors and thus has high uncertainties. On the other hand, the MVA provides efficient and somewhat real-scale (in depth) images even if there are no logging data available. In this study, marine long-offset multi-channel seismic data were optimally processed in time domain to establish the most qualified dataset for the usage of the iterative MVA. Then, the depth-domain velocity profile was updated several times and the final velocity-in-depth was used for generating depth images (CRP gather and stack) and compared with the images obtained from the velocity-in-time. From the results, we were able to confirm the depth-domain results are more reasonable than the time-domain results. The spurious local minima, which can be occurred during the implementation of full waveform inversion, can be reduced when the result of MVA is used as an initial velocity model.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3 s.45
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

Naldrettite, recently discovered in the Mesamax Northwest deposit, Ungava region, northern Quebec, Canada, was reported as a new mineral. In order to confirm whether itis a natural equivalent of synthetic $Pd_2Sb$ phase or not, the pure $Pd_2Sb$ phase has been synthesized and investigated by reflected microscope, electron microprobe analyser, X-ray diffractometer, and micro-indentation hardness tester. Under reflected light synthetic $Pd_2Sb$ Phase is white with a creamy tint in both air and oil and weakly bireflectant. Anisotropism is strong, from brownish gray to greenish blue in air. Micro-indentation hardness test gives VHN100=293(242-322). Composition of the phase is $63.7\~64.3wt.\%\;Pd\;and\; 36.4\~36.8wt.\%$ Sb, and is entirely consistent. The phase, quenched from $500^{\circ}C$, is orthorhobic with space group $Cmc2_1$, and the cell parameters are a=3.366(1), b=17.523(3), c=6.929(2) ${\AA}$. All mineralogical properties of synthetic $Pd_2Sb$ compare very well with those of naldrettite, confirming that naldrettite is the natural analogue of the synthetic $Pd_2Sb$ phase.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is the greatest contributor among the major greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol. Therefore, substantial efforts for the control and reduction of $CO_2$ emissions, including increased efficiency of fossil fuel energy usage, development of energy sources with lower carbon content, and increased reliability on alternative energy sources, are being performed worldwide. However, development and industrial application of $CO_2$ sequestration techniques are needed to meet the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. Among the $CO_2$ sequestration methods developed, geological sequestration methods such as the storage in deep aquifers, deep coal seams and oil and gas reservoirs and the mineral carbonation is considered most favorable because of its stability and environmental effectiveness. In this review, geochemical concepts and technologic development of geologic sequestration technology, especially the storage in deep aquifers and the mineral carbonation, are discussed. The weakness and strengths for each of geologic sequestration methods, are also reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between cement quality(chemical composition, mineral composition, and compressive strength) and amount of waste alternative fuels used in the cement manufacturing process and was investigated. Cement manufacturing facility using coal, soft plastics(plastics that are easily scattered by wind power, such as vinyls), hard plastics(plastics that do not contain foreign substances, waste rubber, PP, etc.) and reclaimed oil was analised. Data was collected for 3 years from 2017 to 2019 and let the amount of fuels used as an independent variable and cement quality data as a dependent variable. As a result, depending on the type and quality of the alternative fuel has not a significant effect on the chemical composition(Cl and LSF) and mineral composition(f-CaO, C3S contents). Contrary to the concern that the compressive strength of cement would decrease, there was a significant positive correlation between amount of alternative fuel used and cement compressive strength.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.533-540
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• 2020

Mt. Neoseongsan (NSS) is the only natural Neorok source in Korea. The geological, historical, and cultural values of NSS were recognized in 2013, and NSS has since been designated and maintained as a natural monument (No. 547), which has restricted the research and utilization of NSS Neorok. The limited NSS Neorok supply has hindered the restoration research of traditional pigments. Recently, a large amount of Neorok has been mined from Mt. Gwangeongsan (GJS) and is expected to be the main supply source of Neorok for restoring traditional pigments. Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics of NSS- and GJS-Neorok-based pigments to evaluate the feasibility of substituting GJS Neorok for NSS Neorok in pigments. The NSS Neorok was mostly comprised of celadonite, whereas the GJS Neorok included minerals containing glassy phases such as celadonite, cristobalite, tridymite, etc. Because both Neorok samples were vitrified under identical conditions, the GJS Neorok grains were larger than the NSS Neorok ones. The GJS Neorok pigment showed that the chromaticity, grain size, oil absorption, and stability varied depending on the mineral types and contents. In particular, GJS-2 and NSS Neorok showed similar mineral compositions, physical properties, and stabilities, suggesting that GJS-2 can be substituted for NSS Neorok, which has been difficult to source and utilize ever since NSS was designated as a natural monument.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.51-71
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• 2024

Seismic exploration is one of the widely used geophysical exploration methods with various applications such as resource development, geotechnical investigation, and subsurface monitoring. It is essential for interpreting the geological characteristics of subsurface by providing accurate images of stratum structures. Typically, geological features are interpreted by visually analyzing seismic sections. However, recently, quantitative analysis of seismic data has been extensively researched to accurately extract and interpret target geological features. Seismic attribute analysis can provide quantitative information for geological interpretation based on seismic data. Therefore, it is widely used in various fields, including the analysis of oil and gas reservoirs, investigation of fault and fracture, and assessment of shallow gas distributions. However, seismic attribute analysis is sensitive to noise within the seismic data, thus additional noise attenuation is required to enhance the accuracy of the seismic attribute analysis. In this study, four kinds of seismic noise attenuation methods are applied and compared to mitigate random noise of poststack seismic data and enhance the attribute analysis results. FX deconvolution, DSMF, Noise2Noise, and DnCNN are applied to the Youngil Bay high-resolution seismic data to remove seismic random noise. Energy, sweetness, and similarity attributes are calculated from noise-removed seismic data. Subsequently, the characteristics of each noise attenuation method, noise removal results, and seismic attribute analysis results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each noise attenuation method and the characteristics of each seismic attribute analysis, we propose a suitable noise attenuation method to improve the result of seismic attribute analysis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1992

Most of cosmetics are emulsion-type products which contain the sources of nutrition, i.e., vegetable oil, mineral oil and carbohyrate etc.. These additives are usually very susceptible to the contamination by microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to obtain the data necessary not only to prevent dermalopathia occurred by microbials but also to maintain the quality. In this experiment we observed the growth of P.aeruginosa in the cosmetics with or without antiseptics so as to prevent contamination. During the contamination period, the phase became unstable and creaming phenomina was happened together with some discoloration and bad smell. The pH of cosmetic was decreased from 7.6 to 6.0 and the concentration was increased from 1.443 to 1.453 in terms of refractive index during 40 days incubation. By adding antiseptics to the cosmetics, the number of P. aeruginosa from the challenge test method were decreased from $10^8$ cell/ml to $5{\times}10^3$ cell/ml. For the antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa, p-hydroxy benzoic acid propyl ester in phosphoric acid buffer solution showed the best result.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

As a recovery of elemental silicon from the sludge of Si wafer process, a process of mechanical separation-chlorine roasting-electrolysis has been suggested. The silicon sludge consisted of Si, SiC, machine oil, and metallic impurities. The oil and metal impurities was removed by mechanical separation. The Si-SiC mixture was converted to silicon chloride by chlorine roasting at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr and the silicon chloride was dissolved into an ionic liquid of $[Bmpy]Tf_2N$ as an electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry results showed an wide voltage window of pure $[Bmpy]Tf_2N$ and a reduction peak of elemental Si from $[Bmpy]Tf_2N$ dissolved $SiCl_4$ on Au electrode, respectively. The silicon deposits could be prepared on the Au electrode by the potentiostatic electrolysis of -1.9 V vs. Pt-QRE. The elemental silicon uniformly electrodeposited was confirmed by various analytical techniques including XRD, FE-SEM with EDS, and XPS. Any impurity was not detected except trace oxygen contaminated during handling for analysis.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.44-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to confirm the possibility of obtaining high grade coal from fixed carbon 20.68% coal. Also, the mineralogical, physical/chemical and liberation characteristics was found with the aim of decrease in ash amount, during the pre-processing of clean coal technology. In this study, batch flotation and microbubble column flotation that was appropriate for the processing of fine particles was used with the variation in kinds and quantity of frother, collector and depressant. Also grinding time, air flow rate and feeding rates were examined. As a result of batch flotation, using pulp density 20%, collector DMU-101+dodecyl amine(100 mL/ton), frother pine oil (200 mL/ton), depressant sodium silicate(1 kg/ton), obtained the result of ash rejection 81.55% and combustible recovery 70.23%. In result of microbubble column flotation, the result was ash rejection 83.85% and combustible recovery 70.42% under the condition of pulp density 5%, grinding time 5 min. collector DMU-101+DDA(100 mL/ton), frother AF65(5.4 L/ton), depressant SMP(3.5 kg/ton), wash water(360 mL/min.) and air flow rate(1,197 mL/min.).