• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated genetic toxicity of HMCO5 using the Micronucleus Test in bone marrow cells of mice and Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay in plate incorporation method according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines. Methods : 1. Micronucleus test: The male rats were divided into 5 groups, respectively; G(1), treated with distilled water: G(2), treated with 1250mg/kg HMC05: G(3), treated with 2500mg/kg HMC05, G(4), treated with 5,000mg/kg HMC05; G(5), treated with Cyclophosphamide $H_2O$. Sterilized distilled water and HMC05 were administered for two consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide $H_2O$ was administered once on the day of 2nd administration. 2. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay: Experimental groups were divided into two groups: with S-9mix(+S) or without S-9mix(-S). Each group treated with sterilized distilled water only, HMCO5(62, 185, 556, 1,667, $5,000{\mu}g$/plate) and, positive vehicles(Sodium azide, 2-Aminoanthracene, 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide, ICR 191), respectively. Results : HMC05 did not show any changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCE) among 200 polychromatic erythrocytes compare to negative control. However, there were significant (p<0.01) increase with CPA in MNPCE. In Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay, no significant increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to (삭제) negative control were detected in all concentrations of HMC05. Conclusions : These results indicate that HMC05 did not show any genotoxicity against in Micronucleus test and Bacterial Reverse Mutation Aassay.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

Water extract of Cordyceps militaris grown upon Protuetja dreujtarsis (CMPD) was examined for the genetic toxicity-bacterial mutagenicity, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation. For mutagenicity assay, bacterial reversion test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA were performed. The extract at the concentrations of $50{\sim}5,000{\mu}g/plate$ did not induce mutagenicity at all. Chromosome aberration test was performed by using Chinese lung (CHL) cells. There was no significant chromosome aberration in CHL cells with S-9 mixture at the concentrations of $312.5{\sim}1,250{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract and without S-9 mixture at the concentrations of $1.2{\sim}19.5{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract. For micronucleus test, ICR mice were treated with the extract at the dose of 0.5, 1, and 2g/Kg. The frequencies of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in bone marrow preparations of the extract-treated group were not increased compared to the untreated control group. Taken together, our results show that water extract of CMPD did not induce any harmful genotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the test substance, SU-Eohyeol Pharmacopuncture (SUEP), to induce micronuclei in bone marrow cells of Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats. Methods : The dose range preliminary study was performed first. 1 ml/animal was selected as the high dose of this study. Two additional lower dose levels (0.5 and 0.25 ml/animal) were produced by applying a geometric ratio of 2. In addition, the positive and negative control groups were set. Then, after intramuscular administration (1 ml/animal) of SUEP to 8-week-old male SD rats, an in vivo micronucleus test was performed to evaluate the induction of micronuclei in SD rat bone marrow cells. Results : As a result of the main study, the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the test substance SUEP groups was not statistically significantly different from the negative control group. In addition, the ratio of PCE to total erythrocytes in the test substance SUEP groups was not statistically significantly different from the negative control group. In the positive control group, the incidence of MNPCE in PCE was statistically significantly increased when compared to the negative control group. The ratio of PCE to total erythrocytes in the positive control group was not statistically significantly different from the negative control group. Conclusions : Based on these results, the test substance, SUEP, did not have any potential to induce micronuclei formation in bone marrow cells of rats under the conditions of this study.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 1997

This study investigated the antigenotoxic effects of Synurus deltoides extract on the mutagenesis induced by benzo[a]pyene(B[a]P). About 80% and 90% antimutagenic effects were observed in the presence of over 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of methanol extract of Synurus deltoides against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 induced by B[a]P, respectively. The methanol extract itself did not induce an increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCE) irrespective of the sampling time(up to 72h), while the treatment with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P) at 150mg/kg significantly increased (p<0.05) the incidence of MNPCE. The strongest relative frequency of MNPCE was observed at 36h after injection of B[a]P and the most significant reduction (p<0.05) in the frequencies of MNPCE was occurred at the feeding of the methanol extract to mice 12 h before injection of B[a]P. The most significant reduction (p<0.05) with 48% was observed in the frequencies of MNPCE when 50 mg/kg of the methanol extract was given to the mice 12h before injection of B[a]P, while the strongest relative frequency inhibition was 54% at the multiple feeding of 5mg/kg of the methanol extract e time every day for 5 days on th frequencies of MNPCE induced by 150 mg/kg of B[a]P. These results indicate that the methanol extract of Synurus deltoides have a strong modulatory effect on benzo[a]pyrene induced MNPCE.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of GST (Gamisasangja-tang). For examining genotoxicity, we carried out bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, micronucleus induction test according to OECD guidelines. Bacterial reverse mutation assay: In GST treating group, regardless of existence S9 mix, revertant colonies counts appeared to be less than twice of negative control group and dose dependent increase. In positive control group, revertant colonies counts were shown to be more than twice of negative control croup. Chromosome aberration assay: All cell line showed repetition rate of abnormal chromosome aberration less than 5%, regardless of treating time, existence of S9 mix, and no significant change ($p{\succeq}0.05$) compared with negative control group. Micronucleus induction test: Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) repetition rate of Polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) showed no significant changes compared with negative control group ($p{\succeq}0.05$). PCE portion of total erythrocytes also showed no significant changes ($p{\succeq}0.05$). Our results showed that GST didn't induce any genotoxicity.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

벼멸구에 대해 살충성이 있는 2-carbomethoxy-4-chlorodiethyl phosphate를 신농약으로 개발할 목적으로 변이원성 시험, 즉 유전자복귀돌연변이, 염색체이상 및 소핵시험을 수행하였다. Salmonella typhimurium을 이용한 복귀돌연변이원성을 TA1535, TA1537, TA98과 TA100 균주를 이용하여 시험한 결과 대사활성화물질(S-9mix)의 첨가여부에 관계없이 유전자에 이상을 미치지 않았으며, CHL세포에 대한 세포독성은 EMEM 배지에서 $LC_{50}$이 $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$이었으므로 $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$을 최고농도로 공비2, 농도4로 염색체이상시험을 실시한 결과 200과 $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 이상세포가 나타났으나 양성으로 판정되지는 않았다. 2-Carbomethoxy-4-chlorodiethyl phosphate가 ICR 마우스의 골수세포에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위해 실시한 소핵시험에서도 음성대조, 양성대조 및 시험물질처리 군에서 PCE 및 MNPCE의 출현율이 모두 정상범위 내에 있어서 2-carbomethoxy-4-chlorodiethyl phosphate가 ICR 마우스의 골수세포에 소핵을 형성시키지 않는 것이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 2-carbomethoxy-4-chlorodiethyl phosphate는 미생물, 배양세포 그리고 생체 내에서 유전물질에 영향을 주지 않는 물질인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

To classify the chemical hazard according to globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), we investigated the genotoxicity of three chemicals, methyl myristate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid zinc salt, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, using male ICR mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. Although these three chemicals have already been tested numerous times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted. The seven week-old male ICR mice were tested at three dosages for the three chemicals, respectively. After 24 h of oral administration with the three chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes, all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these three chemicals. It was concluded that these three chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the three chemicals have no mutagenic potential under each test condition, and it is not classified these chemicals as mutagens by GHS.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated the genotoxicity of two chemicals, methyl formate and 2-methylbutane, using male ICR mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. Although these two chemicals have already been tested numerous times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted and the amounts used have recently been increased. Methods: 7 week male ICR mice were tested at dosages of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg for methyl formate and 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for 2-methlybutane, respectively. After 24 hours of oral administration with the two chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. Results: As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes, all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these two chemicals. Conclusion: It was concluded that the two chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the two chemicals have no mutagenic potential under each study condition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2014

Cyclohexanone의 GHS 분류 기준에 따른 화학물질의 변이원성 구분을 위해, 다른 연구에서는 아직까지 수행된 바 없는 ICR계 마우스의 골수세포를 이용하는 in vivo 소핵시험을 수행하였다. 7주령의 수컷 ICR계 마우스에 동 시험물질의 3가지 농도를 투여하였으며, 경구투여 24시간 후에 도살, 골수세포를 채취하여 슬라이드 표본을 제작하였고, 2,000개의 다염성적혈구 중 소핵을 갖는 다염성 적혈구(MNPCE)를 계수하였다. 모든 투여군에서 cyclohexanone은 골수세포의 증식을 억제하지 않았으며, 소핵을 유발하였다. 이 골수세포를 이용한 소핵시험의 결과로 동 시험물질(cyclohexanone)은 GHS 분류기준에 의거, 변이원성 구분2로 분류하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

본 연구는 발효 탐라오가피(fermented A. koreanum) 추출물의 유전독성을 연구하기 위하여, 미생물복귀돌연변이 시험, 마우스 골수세포를 이용한 소핵시험, 염색체 이상시험을 연구하였다. 미생물복귀돌연변이 연구에서 발효 탐라오가피 추출물은 Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537와 Escherichia coli WP2uvrA에 대하여 대사활성계의 존재(+S-9 Mix) 및 부재(-S-9 Mix) 하에서 돌연변이 유도를 보이지 않았다. 또한, ICR 마우스를 이용한 소핵실험에서 발효 탐라오가피 추출물은 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg 농도에서 MNPCE/2,000 PCE 와 PCE/200 RBC의 소핵형성을 유발하지 않았다. 한편, CHO-K1 세포를 이용한 염색체 이상실험에서 발효 탐라오가피 추출물은 대사활성계의 존재 6시간 처리군, 대사활성계 부재 6시간 처리군 및 대사활성계 부재 24시간 처리군에서 염색체 이상을 보이지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구결과 발효 탐라 오가피 추출물은 유전독성을 나타내지 않음을 알 수 있었다.