• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate influence of short-term application of abscisic acid (ABA) in nutrient solution on growth and drought tolerance of tomato seedlings. The treatments included four ABA concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, $3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) and control (non-treatment) were applied to the nutrient solution in a hydroponic system. On the $5^{th}$ and $10^{th}$ day after growing in the nutrient solution containing ABA, seedlings were transferred to -5 bars of PEG-8000 in a growth chamber to induce water stress. Except for stem diameter and fresh and dry weight of root, there were no statistical differences in other growth parameters among control, 0.5 and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ABA treatments. Seedlings growths were strongly inhibited in nutrient solution containing 2 and $3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ABA. The root growth such as fresh and dry weigh of root, total root surface area, and average root diameter was slightly enhanced in $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ABA treatment. The elevation of ABA concentrations in nutrient solution resulted in the decrease in transpiration rate and increase in stomatal diffusive resistance and leaf temperature of tomato seedlings. The initiations of seedling wilting after treating in -5 bars of PEG were delayed from 10 hrs in control to 30 hrs in ABA applied treatments. Additionally, the high percentages of recovered seedlings were observed in 0.5 and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ABA treatments after re-irrigation. Therefore, short-term application of $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of ABA in the nutrient solution stimulated the root growth and drought tolerance of tomato seedlings by delaying the start time of wilting point and enhancing the recovery after re-irrigation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.151-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure plan. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals : two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu : Kyung pooh University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as fellows : 1. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were male and $48.4\%$ were female. The two largest age groups were 30-39, $31.8\%$ and 20-29, $27.4\%$. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, $41.1\%$ and 4 to 5, $25.6\%$. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, $46.4\%$ among ,the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40-69 만원, $45.2\%$. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was $52.0\%$. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was $44.7\%$, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, $60.3\%$ were injured and in work places of 100-299 people, $20.1\%$ were injured. In manufacturing, the largest group injured was $55.3\%$, the next group was transport, storage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was $40.2\%$. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, $33.5\%$. The next group was unsafe habits, $30.2\%$ ; a lack of safety knowledge, $17.9\%$ ; and insufficient supervision, $12.3\%$. The 30-39 year age group head the highest number of injuries, $40.4\%$ ; work places with more than 10 years of work, $44.4\%$ ; work places with more than 1000 people, $56.3\%$ and mining accidents, $80.0\%$. Among. these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries $28.5\%$ as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects $17.3\%$, fire & electric $15.1\%$, strucke by an object $14.5\%$, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed $46.4\%$ among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5-10 year group, $50.0\%$ ; places employing more than 1000 workers, $35.3\%$ ; construction $73.7\%$, and construction workers $57.1\%$, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures $54.8\%$, trauma $14.5\%$, amputation $11.7\%$, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30-39 year age group, $63.2\%$ : over 10 years of work, $55.0\%$ ; in work places of 300-490 people, $63.6\%$ ; construction $63.2\%$ and general workers $57.2\%$. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity $45.3\%$, lower extremity $24.0\%$, trunk $18.5\%$ and head or neck $12.2\%$. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less than 20 years old $75.0\%$, less than 1 year or work $59.5\%$, in work places of 500-999 people $60.0\%$, manufacturing $56.6\%$ and production workers $55.6\%$. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 ; August, 22 people : July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people ; followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people ; followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work (r=2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation (r=4372) p<0.001.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-41
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• 2001

Since medical clients and the community they live in are expected to be center of future public health and medical care system, new service programs must be developed with patients focused on in line with widening public access of information and social participation. Patients- focused service shall mean the area- oriented provision of public health service. In this study, health officers working at public health centers, public health sub- centers and medical offices in Jeonbuk- do area were taken for population in order to investigate their attitudes toward and knowledge about the service area assigning system under the public health programs. Findings from the survey to 260 health officers, divided by general category, are as follows : Government officers at public health organizations appeared to have high grade of understanding to the service area assigning system and also great appreciation for the necessity of it. Regarding the timing for the system to be introduced, they support the gradual implementation and, as for the type of service to be provided, they preferred home nursing and treatment of chronic diseases. Highly positive responses were centered on the health classes under the health promotion projects, and as far as health projects for the old are concerned, services for home nursing, for the disabled and for home- alone people are favored most. On the other hand, budgeting, manpower and reorganization are rated as prerequisite to establishment of the service area assigning system. From the viewpoint of system side, the improvement of working conditions is rendered as most urgent, while the information system for establishing the service area assigning system is conceived far from satisfactory. Proper assignment of specialists was noted as mostly important to establish the delivery system for medical service through the service area assigning system by team. As merits of the service area assigning system, it is pointed out that, through the system, health clients can better be managed and the nursing quality will be improved thank to the enhanced specialization. It is also perceived that the district health service is not well prepared to respond to the increased and diversified needs of community people and, furthermore, service programs of health centers have not been fully developed. The most serious problem standing in the way to expansion of health projects is, it is noted, uniformity (formality) of the project. Based on the results of the survey which suggest time has ripen to introduce the service area assigning system, following strategies are proposed to anchor down the system as soon as possible: First, we should introduce the system gradually, starting from the area selected, and in consideration of area specialities, refraining from the hitherto stereotyped way of providing health service. Second, we should seek to properly assign the specialists and improve the working conditions of the assigned officers by securing sufficient budget, since it is a most urgent step to lay foundation for the service area assigning system. Third, best service program should be developed to meet the satisfaction of community people by responding to their needs and solidifying the management of medical clients. Fourth, wide scope of study should further be conducted in order to help this system take roots in the central living of community residents since pilot project on the experimental base attended by specialists only can not win popularity among the masses.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

Background: Controlled hypotension (CH) provides a better surgical environment and reduces operative time. However, there are some risks related to organ hypoperfusion. The EV1000/FloTrac system can provide continuous cardiac output monitoring without the insertion of pulmonary arterial catheter. The present study investigated the efficacy of this device in double jaw surgery under CH. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent double jaw surgery between 2010 and 2015. Patients were administered conventional general anesthesia with desflurane; CH was performed with remifentanil infusion and monitored with an invasive radial arterial pressure monitor or the EV1000/FloTrac system. We allocated the patients into two groups, namely an A-line group and an EV1000 group, according to the monitoring methods used, and the study variables were compared. Results: Eighty-five patients were reviewed. The A-line group reported a higher number of failed CH (P = 0.005). A significant correlation was found between preoperative hemoglobin and intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion (r = 0.525; P < 0.001). In the EV1000 group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly lower 2 h after CH (P = 0.014), and the cardiac index significantly decreased 1 h after CH (P = 0.001) and 2 h after CH (P = 0.007). Moreover, venous oxygen saturation (ScVO₂) decreased significantly at both 1 h (P = 0.002) and 2 h after CH (P = 0.029); however, these values were within normal limits. Conclusion: The EV1000 group reported a lower failure rate of CH than the A-line group. However, EV1000/FloTrac monitoring did not present with any specific advantage over the conventional arterial line monitoring when CH was performed with the same protocol and same mean blood pressure. Preoperative anemia treatment will be helpful to decrease intraoperative transfusion. Furthermore, ScVO₂ monitoring did not present with sufficient benefits over the risk and cost.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-105
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find out physical and emotional status, and nursing needs of the pregnant women who were hospitalized by premature labor. The research respondents were 96 from four university hospitals located in Seoul, from June 30, 1996 to September 15, 1995. The research instrument was consisted of 14 items of physical status(discomforts) (Cronbach's=0.86), 17 items of emotional status (Cronbach's=0.89), 33 items of nursing needs (Cronbach's=0.94), and they were measured by 5 level of Likert Scale. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient as the statistical techniques in the program of SPSS/$PC^+$. The findings were as follows : 1. The perception of physical status was mainly about physicl discomforts during the hospital stay. It included four categories about 'absolute bed rest' 3.48, 'hospital foods' 3.38, 'health care teams' 2.93, 'hospital environment' 2.83 in order of mean of discomforts. The most discomfortable one was "malodor by not doing personal hygiene." The next one was "urination and defecation on the bed using bedpan." 2. The perception of the emotional status was about negative mood related to 'fetus', 'hospitalization' perse, 'personal situation.' The highest score of negative mood was "I am afraid that the baby's condition will be bad if I deliver it before full term." The next one was "I am anxious about whether my baby will be in incubator if I deliver it before full term." 3. The highest mean score among items of nursing needs was "Nurses observe whether the labor come or not with concerns." The next one was "Nurses observe the fetal movement and check up the fetal heart sound." The lowest one was "Nurses help me when I need bedpan." 4. Nursing needs were consisted of four categories : professional, educational, emotional, and physical. The mean score of them was high in professional, educational, emotional, and physical need in order. 5. The physical status was related to "Experience of treatment for maintenance of pregnancy" and "Experience of hospitalization by premature labor". The emotional status was related to "Type of delivery" and "Type of habitation." 6. In the correlation of physical and emotional status, it showed positive correlation between them. The higher score of physical discomfort, the higher score of negative mood(r=0.5113, p=0.0001).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Manufacturing facilities of the pharmaceuticals must meet certain level of the cleanness required so that foreign substances such as dust, moisture, heat, microorganism, or virus do not contaminate the product. In case of radiopharmaceuticals for medical treatment and diagnosis, not only should the operators and environment be protected from radiation but also need to be isolated from the foreign contaminant. Therefore, manufacturing facilities for radiopharmaceuticals must satisfy the design standards of both hot cell and clean room which are specified by GMP. However, standards of maintaining negative pressure for preventing spread of radioactive contaminant in isolated facilities conflict with the standards of maintaining positive pressure for keeping cleanness. To solve this problem, air pressure of hot cell was designed lower than in the adjacent area to meet standards of the radiation safety. To keep higher cleanness in certain part of the hot cell for filling, minimal relative positive pressure allows. In order to effectively maintain the cleanness that is required for production of Tc-99m generator, which takes 70% of whole demand of radiopharmaceuticals, the rooms placed in each side of production room are used as a buffer area and three lead hot cells are installed in production room. In this research, we established the appropriate engineered design concept for Tc-99m generator manufacturing facility, which satisfies both GMP cleanness standard for preventing particles, bacteria, other contaminants and the regulations of radiation safety for supervising and controlling the amount of radiation exposure and exhausted radioactivity. And the concept of multi-barrier buffer zones is introduced to apply negative air pressure for hot cell with first priority and to continue relative positive air pressure for clean room.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-89
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• 2010

One of the key words that represent the culture and social phenomena in this 21st century is 'Digital Convergence'. Presently our society is going through the second evolving phase of the convergence, integration between industries. Integration between industries refers to the phenomenon of integrating various industrial areas such as broadcasting, communication, finance, automobile, and medical treatment as the range of IT utilization becomes extended. The telecommunication-broadcasting bundling is a typical example of integration between industries. This study analyzed the effect of the service features of the bundling on the customer's acceptance intention by applying the innovative technology product acceptance model, TAM, in the process of accepting the telecommunication-broadcasting bundling. This study suggests three independent variables, the 'low cost(discount)', 'service integrity', and 'selectability', which affect perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk, and figures out the actual influence as follows. In conclusion, these results suggest that in order to accept and spread the telecommunication-broadcasting bundling, it is necessary to establish (1) the cost discounting strategy realize (price strategy), (2) the fee noticing system, payment system, call-service system, and systemic integration including installation and A/S system integration, and develop (service strategy), (3) the bundling or related options that can provide users with selectability (product strategy).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.368-374
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• 2009

Objectives: A group consisted of 32 Korean rural people had been travelled to Cambodia and Vietnam. During their travel for 7 days, first diarrheal case had occurred on 3rd day of travel and overall 8 people had diarrhea during travel. So we investigated the case for determination of the cause and route of infection. Methods: We interviewed all 32 people by visiting or telephone and took 23 stool samples from them, which are examined by Gyeungsangbuk-do Government Public Institute of Health & Environment in Korea. We interviewed travel agency for travel route and schedule. Results: The attack rate was 25.0% (8 cases) among 32 people. Of them, 3 cases were microbiologically confirmed to have the infection of Shigella flexneri (Serotype 3a). The result of this epidemiological investigation showed that the infection of shigellosis was happened in foreign countries. We assumed the water from Angkor-Watt was contaminated by S. flexneri. We could not able to test environmental specimens because of the infection is thought to be occurred in foreign countries. Conclusions: Most common infectious diseases from foreign countries are transmitted by water or food. Travellers to foreign countries must take caution for communicable diseases and must do report and get appropriate treatment when symptoms developed after travel.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to research the current state of evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy and determine pediatric physical therapists' knowledge of assessment tools and their use. The subjects were 130 pediatric physical therapists (general hospitals, university-related hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc.). Data was obtained from August 24, 1999 to October 18, 1999 by means of a survey questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. The current state of pediatric physical therapist evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy. 1) Tools used to assess functional areas of children with cerebral palsy were: subjective description format-128 (47.1%); the GMFM-58 (21.3%); facility-generated tool-51 (18.8%); and DDST-15 (5.5%). 2) Tools used to assess developmentally delayed children were: subjective description format-121 (50.6%); the GMFM-43 (18.0%); facility-generated tool-41 (17.2%); and DDS T-14 (5.9%). 3) After their college or university study, therapists who had attended lectures on evaluation were 113 (86.9%); 13 (10.0%) therapists had not attended any lectures on evaluation 2. Test scores of physical therapists' professional knowledge of evaluation procedures: high (more than 36 points)-74 (56.9%); moderate (18~35 points)-39 (30.0%); and low (below 17 points)-none. 1) For therapists treating cerebral palsied children, 73 (65.2%) were in the high range, 39 (34.8%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. 2) For therapists treating children with delayed development, 71 (65.7%) were in the high range, 37 (34.3%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. Although the general degree of professional knowledge of evaluation was quite high, there was a lack of variety in the assessment tools used With a large number of therapists depending on subjective description. Possible reasons for the low rate of objective asses sment tool use: 1) Poor clinical environment: too many clients and lirnited treatment time. 2) Lack of any medical insurance fee category for specific assessment tools. 3) Lack of continuing education opportunities in pediatric evaluation skills during or after either college-based (3 year) or university-based (4 year) education programs. Based on the study results, provision of more extended educational opportunities would promote the use of a greater variety of objective assessment tools by pediatric physical therapists.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

This study purposes to conduct visual feedback and body posture control training on stroke patients with pusher syndrome in order to reduce their pusher syndrome. This study also examines changes resulting from the training and applies the guidelines necessary for documentation of patient/customer management. The participant for this study was one patient with pusher syndrome. The study progressed from a medical examination of the subject followed by evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention and treatment plan, and finally re-examination in order of precedence. Problems in the participant's functional activities, difficulties in changes from sitting postures into standing postures, and maintaining standing postures were determined as primary restrictions on activities and the improvement of these activities was set up as a goal through discussions with the patient. Interventions were mainly implemented to reduce the pusher syndrome with visual feedback provided using mirrors and exercises focusing on leaning in order to maintain posture while sitting. Changes from supine postures to sitting postures and the degree of changes in maintaining standing postures were compared between before and after the intervention by measuring times in the same environment and the degree of pusher syndrome was measured using the SCP tool. The process of this clinical practice was documented. The SCP score that indicates the degree of changes in the participant's pusher syndrome changed from 3.75 points to 0.8 point indicating a decrease in pushing. Among functional activities, posture changes from sitting postures to standing postures and maintaining standing postures were improved. In addition, since the patient could maintain standing postures, the patient could walk indoors. In this case study, mirrors and body posture control training used as interventions to relieve pusher syndromes can be easily applied in clinics to examine the form of functional recovery. The results indicated that these intervention methods were effective and thus it is thought that the results can be used as basic data to utilize these intervention methods diversely. In addition, the documentation of patient/client management was applied as actual documentation in Korean and based on the results, we could show decision making processes for patients' functional goals and objectively explain problems, prognoses and changes made through the interventions.