• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

A smart grid networks delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology with two-way communications to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. Security is critically important for smart grid networks that are usually used for the electric power network and IT environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdroping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for smart grid networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. To deploy smart grid networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 2017

Home network service is evolving into a service that can receive contents such as remote education, home automation, remote meter reading and various entertainment anytime and anywhere by connecting all household appliances in home with wired and wireless network. In this paper, an intelligent home gateway installed at home is connected to the mobile communication terminal from the outside to solve the problems of the existing home network and configure and maintain a more efficient and comfortable home network environment for the user, In the window, the login page is activated to confirm the user access authority, and the user proceeds the authentication procedure through own login information. When the normal authentication procedure is performed, the intelligent home gateway maintains only the network connection with the user, and the user presents the intelligent home network system using the RFID which is accessed by the intelligent home network system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.3 s.113
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• pp.153-162
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• 2007

Sasang medicine is peculiar medicine that constitution of a human classify four types and differ treatment method by physical constitution. In this way the most important thing is very difficult problem that classification of Sasang constitution and discriminate correctly. Therefore, in this paper targets diagnosis medical appliances development of hybrid form that can behave constitution classification and sees among for this paper to propose about method to grasp characteristic that is morphology about eye, nose, ear and mouth be based on appearance and manner of speaking. In this paper, classified and verified this for Sasang constitution through the QSCC II program at 1 step and present method that more exactly and conveniently analyzing measure each physical constitution feature by survey about eye, nose, ear and mouth at 2 steps. Also, extraction and analyze and verified main area of physical constitution classification based on front face and side face at 3 steps. Such propose method to extraction the principal face region based on face color from front face and side face for correct physical constitution classification diagnosis appliance development through experiment consideration and verification process.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2017

The international community recognizes North Korea's nuclear and missile provocation as a real threat. This is due to the analysis and evaluation that has developed nuclear electro magnetic pulse of domestic and overseas North Korea experts, intelligence agencies related to electro magnetic pulse. Electro magnetic pulse experts are concerned about North Korea's nuclear electro magnetic pulse in the following aspects. First, industrial, military, medical, and living facilities in modern society are constructed with electrical and electronic systems. So, All electrical and electronic appliances will become neutralization if North Korea's nuclear electro magnetic pulse was set off over the world(i.e. Korean Peninsula, United States etc). Second, North Korea will judge that possibility of criticism by the international community is low from the point of view of an attacker. Because nuclear electro magnetic pulse aim to destroy only the electronic equipment of the opposite nation and cause damage rather than taking life. Finally, nuclear electro magnetic pulse is more threatening than weapons like mass destruction because it does not need to hit targets accurately and can strike a wide area with nuclear weapon of the low technology levels. In this respect, we will analyze and evaluate nuclear and missile development and make a prospects about nuclear electro magnetic pulse developed by North Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.331-334
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• 2011

This is a study about a platform realization measuring the extent of reaction in nerve, as giving a electrical impulse on a nerve pulp regulating a function of muscle, about a measurement of nerve reaction in the amount of current, the lasting time of current, and the position of electrode from a electrical impuls.The position of an electrode in a electrical nerve impuls have nothing to do with all nerves from exercise to all things. There is the Single Twitch Stimulation(STS), Train-of-four(TOF), and Double Burst Stimulation(DBS) in the form of nerve stimulation. This report is needed for selecting MCU of low electric power for a base in embedded system and measuring the extent of reaction after making a sensor interface to know sensitivity of measuring sensor in basic reaction of nerve impuls. The platform is realized to select a high efficiency AD Convertor for raising accuracy in measured data. As the platform in this report was developed for a medical appliances, it was designed to consider user safety in electric power Isolation when making electric power circuit.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2021

In the case of an energy base device (EBD), which is used for treatment in dermatology, it is difficult to access it as a design, and because the range of users is narrow, there is a lack of research data considering the user's convenience. This study is a research paper that analyzes the problems and needs felt by doctors and nurses from the user's point of view of dermatology EBD, and seeks directions for improvement. After identifying the types and components of EBD through literature and observational research. Problems of each component of EBD were identified through a questionnaire on the use status and satisfaction level targeting users. After that, through a group discussion of experts, the principle of evaluating the usability of PUI design of Energy Base Devices was derived. The EBD's PUI design usability evaluation principle derived in this paper can be used as basic data to supplement the problems of EBD design, and is expected to improve the usability of EBD to be designed in the future.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1988

Fixed prosthetic appliance is the restorations of damaged teeth with cast metal or porcelain, and of replacing missing teeth with fixed, or cemented prosthesis. Successfully treating a patient by means of fixed prosthodontics requires the thoughtful combination of dentist and dental laboratory technician. In order to know the satisfaction of dentisits about fixed prosthetic appliances-porcelain, precious and non precious metal-, this study was conducted for 69 practicing dentisis in Pusan during Fed. to Mar. 1988 using a questionnaire method and was analyzed by the use of percentage, $X^2$-test The results are obtained as follow: 1. General characteristics of the respondents, The rate of age distribution of practcing dentists responded was as follow : 31$\sim$35 age group is 29.0%, 51$\sim$55age group 18.8%, 41$\sim$45 age group and 46$\sim$50 group each 11.6%, 36$\sim$40 age group and 56$\sim$60 age group 8.7%, over 60 age group 7.3%, below 30 age group 4.3% respectively. The tate of term of practice experience distribution of dentists responded was as follow : 6$\sim$10 year group 26.1%, 25$\sim$25year group 18.8%, 11$\sim$15 years group and 16~20 years group each 13.0%, below 5 years group and over 30 years group each 10.2%, 26$\sim$30 years group 8.7% in order. The rate of respondents’ degree was follow : bachelor group 81.2%, doctor group 13.0%, master group 5.8% in order. The rate of respondents’completed medical specialist course was as follow : non-complete group 75.4%, complete group 24.6%. The rate of having own laboratory in respondents’clinic was as follow : no having own laboratory group 58.0%, having own labiratory group 42.0% The rate of being lab. technician in respondent;s clinic was as follow: non-being lab. technician group 91.3%, being lab. technician group 8.7%. The rate of transactional commercial dental lab. numbers was as follow : I dental lab. group 40.6%, 2 dental lab. group 30.4%, 3 dental lab. group 20.3%, production at own lab. group 8.7% 2. Cognitions about the respondent's job, About cognition of patient numvers, there were neither many nor few group 62.3%, few group 17.4%, many group 15.9%, too many group 4.4% in order.(P<.01) As compared with the ratio of dentists to patient prothetic treatment, there were moderate level group 46.4%, high level group 33.6%, low level group 18.8% in order.(P<.01) By job satisfaction of respondents, the highest percentage group was satisfied group 44.9%, neither astisfied nor disstified group 33.3%, dissatisfied group 14.5%, much satisfied group 7.3%(P<.01). As compared with the level of prosthetics price, the were moderate level group 71.0%, low level group 23.2%, high level group 5.8%(P<.01) 3. Satisfaction and assessment of dissatisfied factor of the fixed prosthetic appliance, As compared with the satisfaction of al prosthetic appliance, there were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 59.4%, satisfied group 20.3% dissatisfied group 18.8%, much satisfied group 1.5% in order.(P<.01). About precious and non precious metal crown and bridge, there were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 60.9%, satisfied group 24.6%, dissatisfied group 11.6%, much satisfied group 2.9% in order.(P<.01) The reat of respondent;s satisfaction about porcelain crown and bridge was as follow : neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 43.5%, dissatisfied group 33.3%, satisfied group 21.7%, much satisfied group 1.5%(P<.01). The rate of respondent's dissatisfied factor item of precious and non precious metal crown and bridge was as follow : inadequate margin fit item 39.1% respondent, inadequate occlusion item 24.6%, inadequate adaptation item 23.2%, poor anat omic form item 15.9%, inadequate contact item 31.9%, improper polishing item 4.4%, the rest item 11.6% respectively. The rate of respondent's dissatisfied factor item of porcelain crown and bridge was as follow : inadequate margin fit item 52.2%, inadequate occlusion item 2.9%, inadequate adaptation item 10.1%, poor anatomic form item 11.6%, improper polishing item 1.5%, shade mismatching item 71%, the rest item 7.2% respectively. The rate of cognition of respondents’ about cause of dissatisfied factor on fixed prosthetic appliance by item was as follow : deficiency of sincerity item 55.1%, deficiency of knowledge about work item 47.8%, deficiency of experience item 15.9%, poor quality of using material item 5.8%, the rest item 2.9% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.597-615
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• 1994

This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.10
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• pp.920-929
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• 2014

Recently, embedded system which demand is explosively increasing in the fields of communication, traffic, medical and industry facilities, expands to cyber physical system (CPS) which monitors and controls the networked embedded systems. In addition, internet of things(IoT) technology using wearable devices such as Google Glass, Samsung Galaxy Gear and Sony Smart Watch are gaining attention. In this situation, Samsung Smart Home and LG Home Chat are released one after another. However, since these services can be available only between smart phones and home appliances, there is a disadvantage that information cannot be passed to other terminals without commercial global messaging server. In this paper, to solve above issues, we propose the structure of an indoor location network based on unit space, which prevents the information of the devices or each individual person from leaking to outside and can selectively communicate to all existent terminals in the network using IoT chatting. Also, it is possible to control general devices and prevent external leakage of private information.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and microbiological changes in periodontal tissue around the banded molars after debanding. Methods: This study included 17 young adult patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances including bands on the last molars more than 1 years. Probing depth and bleeding frequency were measured and plaque samples were collected from the last banded molars in all quadrants of each patient. All the data were collected immediately after debanding and 4 weeks after debanding. Results: Using polymerase chain reaction based on 16S rDNA, the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola was detected. After debanding, probing depth, bleeding frequency, and prevalance of periodontopathogens were reduced. Probing depth and bleeding frequency were most decreased in the buccal site of the mandibular left molar and were least decreased in the lingual site of the maxillary right molar. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that proper management of oral hygiene after debanding can recuperate unfavorable periodontal condition caused by orthodontic treatment.