• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.61-75
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• 2007

This paper examines the intergenerational time transfers between married women and their co-residing elderly parents, and how they affect married women's labor force participation and work hour. The sample was drawn from the "2004 Time Use Survey" conducted by Korea National Statistical Office and the Heckman's 2-step model was estimated to examine these relationships. We find that women's caregiving time for their elderly parents reduces their likelihood of participating in the labor force. On the contrary, parental time transfers for married women increases the probability of their labor force participation. We find no evidence that the actual hours of paid work is related to the time transfers between married women and their elderly parents. In other words, after married women decide to participate in the labor force, their work hours are not affected by the time spent for parents and time gained from parents to them. Parental income is positively associated with the married women's labor force participation whereas husband's income is negatively related. The married women working in service occupation and earn salaries work longer hours than those employed as laborer and wage workers. Having older parents and owning the second home reduce working hours of married women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-129
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• 2016

This study is about the happiness of married women from the baby boom generation. The study aims to understand the impact of the married life of such women on the happiness index and to improve the happiness of married women by improving married life. The data for this study were drawn from the National Women and Family Panel Survey (4th year data) carried out by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The subjects for the final analysis totaled 885 married women from the baby boom generation, born between 1955 and 1963. Of these, 550 were married women in a dual income family, and 335 were married women in a husband-income family. IBM SPSS Statistic 21.0 was used. The findings from this study are as follows: First, the women's happiness index was higher in cases where the women had a more positive view of their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities, the better their conflict resolution whenever there was a clash of opinions, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Second, in the case of dual income families, the women's happiness index was higher where they had a positive view of their husbands, their conflicts were better resolved, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Third, in the case of married women in a husband-income family, their happiness index rose the more positively they perceived their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities together, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to empirically verify the influence of certain variables on the psychological well-being of married men and women and to provide a basis for promoting the quality of life. The subjects of this study were 366 married men and women in Busan. The data was obtained through administering a self-reported questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS/WIN 10.0 and included frequencies, means, standard deviation, Chronbach'a, $$\chi$^2$, t-test, and regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows: First, the scores for degree of income propriety, fate control orientation and material orientation of married men was higher than those of married women. The scores for degree of stress recognition and perceived equity showed no significant difference between men and women. The score for psychological well-being of married men and women was relatively low. The score of psychological well-being of married women(2.94) was higher than that of married men(2.67). Second, variables that affect the psychological well-being of married men were degree of income propriety(p>.001), degree of perceived stress(p>.001), fate control orientation(p>.001) and material orientation(p>.001). Variables that affect psychological well-being of married women were degree of income propriety(p>.001), degree of perceived stress (p>.001), fate control orientation(p>.001) and perceived equity(p>.01). The variable of perceived equity didn't affect psychological well-being of married men. The variable of material orientation didn't affect the psychological well-being of married women. Third, the influence level of the degree of income propriety of married men and women was the highest among the variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.87-104
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• 1998

This study explores the life quality(LQ) of Korean married women compared to Korean married men's LQ, examines personal factors' and home environmental factors' influences to Korean married women's LQ via psychological factors such as social belongingness, positive emotion, self-esteem, and sense of intemal control in causal model, and explores Korean married women's perceived important factors and perceived enhancement required factors in life. The questionnaire was administered to 941 Korean married women and their husbands who have one or more children in Pusan. The results indicated that: 1. The overal and most sub dimensional LQ of Korean married women mark medium level and were lower than that of Korean married men's. Korean married women who is highly educated, keeps efficient communication with their husband, self-esteem, sense of internal control, social belongingness, and positive emotion, and possess high SES and much available resources shows higher LQ than those who doesn't. 2. The efficient communication with husband and available resources have direct and indirect influences on Korean married women's LQ. The psychological mediatory factors of these two variables' influences on women's LQ are such as social belongingness, positive emotion, self-esteem and sense of intemal control. SES has direct influence only and the educational level has indirect influence via social belongingness only on Korean married women's LQ. All these factors explain 58% of Korean married women's LQ variance. 3. Korean married women rank family health, family reconciliation, husband's success, and children's achievement as the very important factors in life. They also rank husbands success, economic abundant, family reconciliation, family health, and their self-actualization as the very required factors for enhancing the given LQ.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the health behavior and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among married men and women, utilizing data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, encompassing 4,217 subjects. Methods: A multiple regression model was employed to analyze the data. Results: Married men demonstrated a significantly good relationship between HRQOL and perceived health state (β=.32, p<.001), while married women showed a similar relationship with perceived health state (β=.38, p<.001). Additionally, married men demonstrated significantly neutral relationship between HRQOL and perceived health state (β=.30, p<.001), as did the married women (β=.38, p<.001). Both married men (β=-.11, p<.001) and married women (β=-.08, p<.001) were found to experience depression. oreover, the HRQOL in married men was positively associated with private health insurance (β=.08, p=.001), and the same trend was observed in married women (β=.10, p<.001). Married men with unmet medical needs showed a negative association with HRQOL (β=-.08, p<.001), and married women with unmet medical needs showed a similar negative association (β=-.12, p<.001). Furthermore, outpatient medical use(2 weeks) was negatively associated with HRQOL in both married men (β=-.07, p=.001) and married women (β=-.07, p<.001). Moreover, married women displayed a significant negative association between HRQOL and the prevalence of obesity(β=-.04, p=.048) and stress (β=-.05, p=.009) and a positive association with aerobic exercise (β=.04, p=.027). Conclusions: This study suggests that health behavior significantly influences the HRQOL among married men and women. The findings of this study can guide policymakers in developing strategies to improve health behavior and HRQOL within households.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.134-148
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• 1993

The study was designed to examine the present state of the provider-role consciousness of married working women in Korea and to identify five variable-clusters which were drawn from the theoretical perspectives. The subjects of this study were 573 married working women whose husbands also had their work. The statistical methods adopted for data analyses were frequencies. oneway ANOVA. Scheffe-test t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The level of the provider-role consciousness of married working women was slightly high. 2) As for the aspects of the individual attribute variables. educational level job income age native area motive of work. and sex-role identity significantly influenced the provider-role consciousness of married working women. 3) Concerning the family background variables marriage duration number of children mother's experience of employment father's educational level and husbands's income were significantly related to the provider-role consciousness of married working women, 4) As for the social relationship variables. degree of participation in social associations significant others' attitudes toward housewife's work degree of domestic role sharing with husband and wife/husband income ration significantly affected the provider-role conscious-ness of married working women. Based on these findings it came to be revealed that multidirectional perspecitves were useful to identify variables which could predict the provider-role consciousness of married working women, Also it was revealed that the significant others' approvals for women's work were necessary to the establishment of the provider-role consciousness of married working women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.33-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest some ways to utilize effectively the labor forces of employed women. For this purpose, this stud\ulcorner examined the family’s attitudes toward the work of married women and the effects of determinants including personal characteristics, household related variables, work related variables and family’s attitudes toward the work of married women on the employment status of married women. KLFI(1995)’s National data were used and one Logistic model and one Calmed model were employed to analyze the efficients of the independent variables. The resets of this study were as follows. The family’s attitudes toward the work of married women among the employed women was highly positive and the one toward the unemployment among the unemployed women was positive too. The variables having significant effects on the husbands’attitudes and the parents(parents in law)’attitudes toward the work of married women were different. The family’s altitudes had a very significant effect on the employment status of married women. Also, the financial situation of the household and some difficulties to find proper house keepers or child care types were important variables to predict the employment status of married women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to show the possibility of labor mobility among married women by analysing some variables to have effects on their employment status and willingness to move in the labo market, namely, whether they would willingly enter into/come out the labor market. The personal collecting data were used and one discirminant function and two probit models were employed to analyse the efficients to the independent variables. The resets of this study were as follows. The very discriminant variables to have significant effects on the employment status of married women were the age of the youngest and the number of children. The willingness to enter into the labor market of unemployed married women was high in contrast as the willingness to keep the job was high among employed married women. The subjective perception on their own health, children related variables, and financial variable were very significant to predict the possiblities to move in the labor market among married women. It was remarkable that the psychological variables, which were related with the attitudes toward the occupation of house wife and employment of married women, were also important. These results showed that first of all, the decision of whether they enter into or come out in the labor market among married women is largely on the basis of the household situation not on the personal capacities of married women themselves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing depressive symptoms among married working women using the dataset of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF 7th). There were 1,030 subjects. Methods: A multiple regression model was used to study the factors influencing depressive symptoms among married working women. Results: The authors found a negative relationship between satisfaction with spouse household-labor (b=-0.606, p=0.022) and depressive symptoms among married working women, a negative relationship with spouse (b=-0.237, p<0.001) and a negative spousal perception of working (b=-0.709, p=0.045), a positive relationship with excessive working hours (b=0.397, p=0.027), a positive relationship with temporal oppression on workload (b=0.422, p=0.002), and a positive relationship between workplace discrimination (b=0.053, p=0.046) and depressive symptoms among married working women. Conclusions: This study suggests that family life and working environments are important factors for depressive symptoms in married women workers. The findings of this study will be helpful to policymakers to design plans to decrease depressive symptoms among married working women.