• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.6 s.208
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• pp.113-131
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate older people's planning for estate distribution by examining the factors associated with their will-holding status. This study used data from the 1994 Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Survey, Wave One. The objectives of this study were (a) to establish profiles of older people who have a written will and to compare their financial portfolios across will-holding status; (b) to identify factors that influence the decision to make a will, and (c) to draw implications for family economists, financial educators, planners, and policy makers. The results suggested that a household's financial resources (i.e., liquid and illiquid assets, housing equity, and household income) positively influence the probability of having a will. Older people who resided in a community property state and who were in poor health were less likely to be will-holders than their counterparts, holding financial resources and other variables constant. Demographic characteristics such as age, education, and race, and behavioral characteristic also were significant determinants of the likelihood of having a will. Volunteer participation and charitable contribution, which are proxies for altruism, increased the likelihood of having a will. The probability of having a will also was higher among those who had life insurance and had gwen inter-vivos gifts of more than $\$5,000$ to their children or grandchildren in the past 10 years. On the other hand, the likelihood of having a will declined with increasing number of biological children. From the findings, implications for financial planners and educators were suggested along with directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

Sales of the Korean clothing industry grew to 16.9 percent on-year in 2010, but the growth rate dropped to 3 percent from 2011 to 2016 and the overall market began to slump to 1.1.6 percent in 2017. The competitiveness of clothing companies is also a major sector in logistics capability, and the average logistics cost of domestic clothing companies is 8.3 percent of sales in 2011, higher than the average 8 percent of domestic industries, and 36.4 percent of the total storage cost in 2011, higher than the 28.8 percent share of the total storage cost of domestic companies. As domestic production conditions such as wage hikes and labor disputes worsened in the 1990s, production facilities were rapidly moved overseas, which led many clothing companies to have no production facilities or a minimal production base in Korea and focus on marketing and design capabilities. The total storage capacity and storage efficiency of the logistics center became very important as the products were changed to the form of mass warehousing and small-volume forwarding. Research shows that building column spacing, a model of this research, can affect the amount of hanger rack storage empirically, so for sustainable growth of clothing companies, it is necessary to improve competitiveness in the logistics market by reducing costs and improving efficiency to overcome difficulties in corporate management. Because logistics costs are 8.3 percent and operating profit to sales ratio is 2 percent, it is expected that operating profit will increase by 41.5 percent if logistics costs are reduced by 10 percent. If 10% of storage cost is saved based on storage cost, operating profit is expected to increase by 15% To strengthen the competitiveness of the clothing industry, a reduction in logistics costs is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide hints that logistics experts can have empirically small amounts in reducing storage costs through column spacing adjustment of logistics centers that have not been dealt with statistically until now, and to contribute to the continued growth of clothing companies and the development of the domestic logistics industry.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of ELS investment by analyzing the actual investment return of the ELS commodities and analyzing the investment effect of ELS that investors have felt unsatisfactory at financial marketing service. The research method is based on the step-down type ELS. We calculated the probability of achieving early redemption condition and maturity repayment condition, early redemption estimated yield, and maturity repayment estimated yield. As the study result, the probability of achieving 100% of the early redemption condition was 74.5%, and the probability of the early redemption condition 95% was 83.0%, 90% was 89.5%, 85% was 92.5%, and 80% was 96.5% respectively. In the case of the lowest 75%, the probability of holding to maturity is analyzed to be 2.5%, and the probability of early redemption is high. The probability of the stock price growth within 65% of the maturity repayment condition was 98.5% and the probability of the stock price growth within 60%~45% of the maturity repayment condition was 100%. 65% of maturity repayment condition was analyzed as 1.5% risk of principal loss, and the probability of achieving the committed yield of maturity was high. As a key measure of ELS investment, it is advantageous to select a commodity with a low rate of maturity repayment and a high rate of early redemption.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1365-1372
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of the determinants of housing sales agency's role in the sale of apartment housing. For this purpose, a hierarchical decision model was constructed to understand the role and importance of the sales agency. The analytical variable items structured by the research model were set up through literature review, precedent research, and expert brainstorming. The questionnaire consisted of two comparisons for AHP analysis and the importance of absolute importance for fuzzy analysis. Afterwards, the work of correcting the importance was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the contractor prioritized the sale conditions and the sales agency had priority over the planning for the sale. As a result of analysis, planning of customer pre-sale counseling data, planning of client subscription and contract maximization plan, planning method of advertisement public media method were found to be the most important factors. The results of measurement of absolute importance(fuzzy) & relative importance(,AHP) showed similar tendency. Therefore, it can be seen that the timing of the model house operation is an important period in which the subscription rate depends on the role of the sales agency and the marketing strategy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - Previous studies have not paid attention to global self-corporate brand congruity and affective approach from the viewpoint of global self. This study explored an inducement of gratitude that, under the circumstance of corporate association, consumers feel toward corporate's responsible activities, pride related to corporate's ability, and global self congruity. Current researches also have examined positive behavior effects of global self-corporate brand congruity and the feelings on corporate products. Research design, data, and methodology - This research theoretically reviewed that corporate ability and social responsibility association would influence global self-corporate brand congruity, that corporate ability association could induce consumers' sense of pride, and that social responsibility association might induce gratitude. This study, furthermore, examined theoretically whether global self-corporate brand congruity, pride and gratitude could make consumers behave positively toward corporate products, and developed hypotheses. For the empirical analysis with the questionnaires, 231 employees and common people completed the questionnaires, and structural equation model of AMOS 18.0 was used. Results - From the empirical analysis, the outcomes are as followings. First, corporate ability association makes consumers feel proud. Second, corporate social responsible association makes consumers feel grateful. Third, both corporate ability association and social responsibility association let consumers be aware of global self-corporate brand congruity. Fourth, being conscious of each of pride, gratitude and global self-corporate brand congruity prompts consumers to behave positively toward corporate products. Fifth, mediation effects of pride and the congruity in the roles of corporate ability association on the positive behavior, and those of gratitude and the congruity in the roles of corporate social responsible association on the positive behavior are identified. Conclusions - Based on the results, it can be said that a marketing manager should endeavor to make consumers associate the corporate ability and social responsibility. However, the degree of consumers' feelings such as pride and gratitude can differ according to their cultural backgrounds. It is, therefore, needed to be explored by the types of feelings that can be caused more from the difference in cultural backgrounds by corporate association, and to be investigated differently and positively with behavioral effects on the corporate's products between the types.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Purpose - The Visegrád Group cooperation of the past 14 years and that of V4 for the past 20 years has very important significance in the 21st century that must be maintained. This cooperation is valuable because of the trade routes that connect northern Poland to the Balkans in southern Croatia, which forman important basis for the resuscitation of Central European development. Currently, because of the European manufacturing base and industrial development, an energy supply and stable energy distribution networks have been introduced to secure cooperation and not competition within the Visegrád Group. This paper's research emphasizes the supply chain hub in neighboring countries. Although Central and Eastern European countries are small, they can provide a competitive response to Western Europe if they collaborate with the V4 group and other countries. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects of this study in the Visegrád Group area are related to the development of Marketing and Distribution Sciences in the integrated European Union. In relation to the existing energy infrastructure, construction companies and financial institutions benefit from large-scale construction projects. Existing or new infrastructure facilities among the V4 must comply with the preconditions of regional energy markets. The network of emerging markets is changing into a European-logistics hub of new markets. This hub is closely associated with the economic development of European self-sustainment given that energy for distribution and consumption is imported from Russia. Therefore, this paper indirectly provides data on the regional distribution of energy as alternative bases in Europe for market expansion to Asia. Results - As a result, it appeared unlikely that V4 failed to implement homogeneity following the standards of Western Europe, as proposed by the EU. Throughout European history, individuals have gathered in Central Europe as an innovation hub. Currently, the region is being established independently for energy industrial development and not for tourism development, and is expected to play a central role in innovation and distribution consumption. Therefore, similar to Western and Northern Europe, V4 only appears to engage in distribution consumption on the basis of the identity that it formed for itself. This area is expected to either create a regional platform or a voice over a single economic policy. Conclusions - To this end, regarding the distribution of consumer groups within and outside the region, the V4 group is expected to be established for various policy areas and as a Eurasian outpost of trade and distribution logistics. In addition, given its purpose of engaging in the distribution of energy cooperation and trade clusters, the Visegrád Group will be in charge of the center axis of the bridge for distribution logistics trading partners from the Western Balkans to Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Thus, the Visegrád Group is entering this region as a platform for market share by enabling all or any investor can gain greater industrial benefits.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2008

The purpose of the research is to furnish basic data for efficient and effective marketing by examining the correlation how a certain element effects on customer's selection behavior, when they choose private label branded clothes at the store of giant discount store like E-.mart, Home-plus, Lotte-mart and 2001 outlet. We come to the following conclusions through such procedures; What we found on this study is that main factors of decision related purchasing garment of private brand in giant discount store is based on the sales price, quality of products and needs of customer's using. Further to this, in terms of choice activity in private brand clothes, we realized the price value is depend on the resonable price with the items because nowadays most customers can be compare to other discount store around their shopping place including trend of garment and quality of products. The order of the general inclination in selection behavior of private branded garment in giant discount store is as follows; Sales price > style & trend > quality of product and substantial convenience > display and prompt buying. Judging from the conclusion of the research we noted that customer's satisfaction comes from their target price to supply substantial needs and in terms of styling of clothes should be considered current trendy compared to national brand as well.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2015

A theme park is a complex space, in which held is a performance & exhibition event created to make visitors feel fun and a deep impression through a certain theme. Recently, local governments are increasingly planning for theme parks with the aim of local economy revitalization. Accordingly, this paper set up a development model for a Korean culture theme park after deducting success factors for creating a successful theme park through the case of Korean culture theme park. To be concrete, this paper deducted the success factors through literature research and case research as follows: Setting of themes having identity and consistency; programs that can give fun and a deep impression; convenient support facilities reflecting customers' needs; differentiated marketing for progress in customer attraction power; location linked with cultural resources around a theme park and a space for communicating a message; privately-initiated project promotion and the main body of operation; target setting consequent on market segmentation, and demand forecast, etc. A theme park cannot be successfully operated to contribute to local economy revitalization until such success factors should be closely linked and harmonized with each other. In addition, in order for a theme park to make a continued growth, it's required that problems occurring at the operational stage should be endlessly improved, and contents strengthening should be continuously done in line with circumstances of the times and viewers' eye level.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.552-556
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• 1998

In this study, the quality stability of a kind of natural seasoning material, the mixture of enzyme treated mackerel meat and Laminaria powder during the storage was investigated by measuring the TBA(thiobarbituric acid)value, extend of browning, changes in amino nitrogen and chlorophyll a, and fatty acid composition, and the results of sensory evaluation. Addition of sodium alginates (0.08%) and calcium carbonate (0.02%) seemed effective as a binder to yield clarity of the hot water extract of the product. In results, the mixture of Laminaria powder and the enzyme treated mackerel meat added with 0.08% sodium alginate and 0.02% calcium carbonate was more stable in overall quality than the other cases of preparation. And the taste of the mixture could favorably compete with that of dried anchovy extracts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

Establishing a financial independence is essential for sustainable growth of social enterprises. In this vein, this study investigated the key factors that affect customer loyalty about the products or services provided by social enterprises. Commitment and trust in social enterprises were considered as main factors affecting customer loyalty. We also examined the effects of functional, hedonic and social value about the products or services of social enterprises on purchasing decision-making processes. The research model analysis was conducted on 204 consumers using social enterprises in Dong-gu, Daegu. The analysis of research model has shown that commitment and trust had a significant impact on customer loyalty about the product or service of those enterprises. Functional value did not have a significant effect on commitment, while it had a significant effect on trust. Hedonic value had a significant impact on both commitment and trust. Social value had a significant effect on commitment, but not on trust. Value congruence had a significant effect on both commitment and trust. Based on the our findings, it is expected that it would help establish operational and marketing strategies to improve competitiveness in products and services of social enterprises.