• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.365-382
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• 1991

This study was designed to measure the physical, mental-emotional and social health status of elderlies according to rural areas, medium - small cities, and large city environment. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17 1990. The subjects were a convenience sample after their place of residence was stratified into large, medium- small cities and rural areas. Those who attended elderly centers in Seodaemun, Mapo, and Kangnam districts in Seoul were considered to be residents of a large city and interviewed by trained research assistants and student nurses. Elderlies living in Chungju, Jinju, Chuncheon, and Jeonju cities were coded as residents of medium-small cities and were interviewed by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by the community health practioners working in community health clinics in North and South Kyongsang, North and South Jeolla, and Kyonggi provinces. The tool used in this study was the health assessment tool developed by Choi, Young Hee in 1990. This tool was organized into 20 physical health status, 17 mental - emotional health status, and 37 social health ststus items. Physical health status items consisted of six factors - personal hygiene activity ability, external activity utilizing traffic, mass media, and spare time ability, sexual ability, digestive system related ability, sexual ability, sensory ability, and elimination ability. Mental - emotional health status items consisted of two factors - mental health factor and emotional health factor. Social health status items consisted of seven factors -grandparental role ability, parental role ability, spoused role ability, friendship role ability, kinship role ability, group member role ability, and religious believer role ability. Data Analysis included frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and chi - square test. The results of the analysis are as follows : 1. The mean physical health status score for large city residents was 4.1132, for rural residents 4.0787, and for medium and small city residents 3.9565. There were significant differences according to residential area for personal hygiene activity ability, external activity ability, sexual ability, and digestive system related ability items 2. The mean mental -emotional health status score for rural residents was 3.8291, for medium and small city residents 3.7967, and for large city residents 3.7807. There was a significant difference according to residential area in the mental health ability item. 3. The mean social health status score for medium and small city residents was 3.0000, for rural residents 2.9362, and for large city residents 2.8960. There were significant differences according to residential area for kinship role ability and religious believer role ability items. The following conclusion was derived from the above results 1. The physical health status of elderlies residing in medium - small cities and in rural areas was lower than that of those residing in Seoul, a large urban area. Therefore, more medical facilities are needed in rural area so as to monitor their health, prevent disease, and promote their health. 2. The mental -emotional ststus and social health status of elderlies residing in the large city were lower than that of those residing in medium - small cities and rural areas. This may reflect weakening of the strong traditional family bond that may happen with urbanization. Continued support for elderly parents is essential and education should emphasize the traditional cultural norm and value of filial piety. 3. Facilities and programs for elderly are needed so that they may spend their time more valuably in their urban environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-136
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• 2012

The goal of this study is to apply the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) concept of vulnerability to climate change and verify the use of a combination of vulnerability index and fuzzy logic to flood vulnerability analysis and mapping in Seoul using GIS. In order to achieve this goal, this study identified indicators influencing floods based on literature review. We include indicators of exposure to climate(daily max rainfall, days of 80mm over), sensitivity(slope, geological, average DEM, impermeability layer, topography and drainage), and adaptive capacity(retarding basin and green-infra). Also, this research used fuzzy model for aggregating indicators, and utilized frequency ratio to decide fuzzy membership values. Results show that the number of days of precipitation above 80mm, the distance from river and impervious surface have comparatively strong influence on flood damage. Furthermore, when precipitation is over 269mm, areas with scare flood mitigation capacities, industrial land use, elevation of 16~20m, within 50m distance from rivers are quite vulnerable to floods. Yeongdeungpo-gu, Yongsan-gu, Mapo-gu include comparatively large vulnerable areas. This study improved previous flood vulnerability assessment methodology by adopting fuzzy model. Also, vulnerability map provides meaningful information for decision makers regarding priority areas for implementing flood mitigation policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

Recent navigation systems provide quick guide services, based on processing real-time traffic information and past traffic information by applying predictable pattern for traffic information. However, the current pattern for traffic information predicts traffic information by processing past information that it presents an inaccuracy problem in particular circumstances(accidents and weather). So, this study presented a more precise predictive traffic information system than historical traffic data first by analyzing route search data which the drivers ask in real time for the quickest way then by grasping traffic congestion levels of the route in which future drivers are supposed to locate. First results of this study, the congested route from Yang Jae to Mapo, the analysis result shows that the accuracy of the weighted value of speed of existing commonly congested road registered an error rate of 3km/h to 18km/h, however, after applying the real predictive traffic information of this study the error rate registered only 1km/h to 5km/h. Second, in terms of quality of route as compared to the existing route which allowed for an earlier arrival to the destination up to a maximum of 9 minutes and an average of up to 3 minutes that the reliability of predictable results has been secured. Third, new method allows for the prediction of congested levels and deduces results of route searches that avoid possibly congested routes and to reflect accurate real-time data in comparison with existing route searches. Therefore, this study enabled not only the predictable gathering of information regarding traffic density through route searches, but it also made real-time quick route searches based on this mechanism that convinced that this new method will contribute to diffusing future traffic flow.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Seoul area by predicting unhealthy days due to PM2.5 and comparing the regional differences. Methods: The extreme value theory is adopted to model and compare the PM2.5 concentration in each region, and each best model is selected through the goodness of fitness test. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is applied to estimate the parameters of each distribution, and the fitness of each model is measured by the mean absolute deviation. The selected model is used to estimate the number of unhealthy days (above $75{\mu}g/m^3$ PM2.5 concentrations) in each region, with which the actual number of unhealthy days are compared. In addition, the level of PM2.5 concentration in each region is analyzed by calculating the return levels for periods of 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. Results: The Mapo (MP) area revealed the most unhealthy days, followed by Gwanak (GW) and Yangcheon (YC). On the contrary, the number of unhealthy days was low in Seodaemun (SDM), Songpa (SP) and Gangbuk (GB) areas. The return level of PM2.5 was high in Gangnam (GN), Dongjak (DJ) and YC. It will be necessary to prepare for PM2.5 than other regions. On the contrary, Gangbuk (GB), Nowon (NW) and Seodaemun (SDM) showed relatively low return levels for PM2.5. However, in most of the regions of Seoul, PM25 is generated at a very poor level ($75{\mu}g/m^3$) every 6months period, and more than $100{\mu}g/m^3$ PM2.5 occur every 3 years period. Most areas in Seoul require more systematic management of PM2.5. Conclusion: In this paper, accurate prediction and analysis of high concentration of PM2.5 were attempted. The results of this research could provide the basis for the Seoul Metropolitan Government to establish policies for reducing PM2.5 and measuring its effects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.197-213
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• 2022

In this study, text mining analysis was performed on online big data for recognition and assessment of urban brand I Seoul U. To this end, TEXTOM, a processing program for data acquisition and analysis was used, and the 'I SEOUL U' keyword was selected as an analysis keyword. Keyword analysis shows the keywords associated with I Seoul U to be as follows: First, as a business and marketing term, keywords include pop-up store, gallery, co-branding, (festival, etc.), commodities, private companies and online. Second, as an event-related term, keywords include Han River, tree-planting day, tree planting, Hongdae, Christmas, Mapo, Jung-gu, Sejong University, and festival. Third, as a promotional term, keywords include robotics engineer Dr. Dennis Hong, Government, Art and Korea. In the N Gram analysis, as the city brand of Seoul, I Seoul U, in the public interest, was found to contribute to the commercial activities of private companies. In connection-oriented analysis, business and marketing, events, and promotions have been derived as categories. In matrix analysis, it was found that the products of the pop-up store are mainly developed, and products in the form of co-branding were being developed. In the topic modeling, a total of 10 topics were extracted and needs for commercial utilization and information for event festivals were mostly found.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2022

Purpose: This study conducted a job analysis of visiting nurses in the process of change. Methods: Participants were the visiting nurses working for the Seoul Metropolitan city. On the basis of the Public Health Intervention Wheel model, two times of the focus group interview (FGI) with seven visiting nurses and one time of the Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) with 34 visiting nurses were performed. A questionnaire survey of 380 visiting nurses was conducted to examine the frequency, importance and difficulty levels of the tasks created by using the FGI and DACUM. Results: Visiting nurses' job was derived as the theme of present versus transitional roles. The present role was categorized as 'providing individual- and group-focused services' and 'conducting organization management', while the transitional role was categorized as 'providing district-focused services' and 'responding to new health issues'. The job generated 13 duties, 28 tasks, and 73task elements. The tasks showed the levels of frequency (3.65 scores), importance (4.27 scores), and difficulty (3.81 scores). All the tasks were determined as important, exceeding the average 4.00 scores. The group- and district-focused services of the tasks were recognized as more difficult but less frequent tasks. Conclusion: The visiting nurses exert both present and transitional roles. The transitional roles identified in the present study should be recognized as an extended role of visiting nurses in accordance with the current changing healthcare needs in South Korea. Finally, the educational curriculum for visiting nurses that reflects the transitional roles from the present study is needed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.202-222
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• 2023

This study traces the growth and changes in the spatial distribution and characteristics of media cluster in Seoul by focusing on the co-evolution of film and TV production. To identify the spatial distribution and aggregation of film and broadcast TV production, we measure their spatial auto-correlation based on Moran's I and LISA, using the data from the Census on Establishments of the National Statistical Office. In addition, the eleven semi-structured interviews conducted with workers in the media industries, such as film crews and TV drama producers, help to clarify the complexity and dynamics of diverse factors that affect spatial distribution of media cluster. This multi-method study shows the increasing polycentricity of media cluster in the last decade. Gangnam, Mapo, Yeouido, Gangseo-Yeongdeungpo, and Seongsu have emerged as key hubs for media industries, particularly in light of changes in the transportation system and the real estate market. The finding indicates the co-evolution of film and broadcast TV production, demonstrating how the characteristics of the creative industry and metropolitan changes are intertwined with each other in shaping the geographical pattern of the media cluster.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 2020

The sharing economy service is now spreading in various fields such as accommodation, cars and bicycles. In particular, bicycle-sharing service have become very popular around the world, and since September 2015, Seoul has been providing a bicycle-sharing service called 'Ttareungi'. However, the number of bicycles is unbalanced among rental stations continuously according to the user's bicycle use. In order to solve these problems, we employed social network analysis using Ttareungi data in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and k-core. As a result, the degree centrality was found to be closely linked with bus or subway transfer center. Closeness centrality was found to be in an unbalanced departure and arrival frequency or poor public transport proximity. Betweenness centrality means where the frequency of departure and arrival occurs frequently. Finally, the k-core analysis showed that Mapo-gu was the most important group by time zone. Therefore, the results of this study may contribute to the planning of relocation and additional installation of bike rental station in Seoul.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2001

Purpose : We need to reconsider booster vaccination schedule of Japanese encephalitis vaccination. To do that we evaluate the long-term immunogenicity and the incidence of adverse events with inactivated mouse brain derived Nakayama Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Methods : We tested neutalizing antibody for 311 elementary school students by plaque reduction neutralizing test(PRNT) at USAMC-AFRIMS(United States Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science/Department of Virology). We evaluated vaccine related adverse events by spontaneous reporting prospectively among 15,487 vaccinees who were vaccinated at public health center and 2,277 elementary school students who were immunized previously by a questionnaire and school health record. Results : According to the time interval from the last booster injection of 311 children, PRNT antibody titers gradually decreased as the interval increased; 239 mIU/mL, 188 mIU/mL, 134 mIU/mL, 49 mIU/mL each at 6, 18, 30, 42 months after the last booster injection. The seropositivity rates were 98%, 99%, 95.6%, 71.4% each at 6, 18, 30, 42 months after the last booster injection. There were 21(0.13%) cases with systemic reactions among 15,487 vaccinees who had visited the hospital by prospective passive reporting system at public health center. According to the questionnaires and school health records in elementary school students, local induration and pain were 17.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Systemic reactions including fever, vomiting, rash were reported in few cases. Conclusion : Biannual booster vaccination that has been recommended so far should not be necessary. Surveillance for adverse events with inactivated mouse brain derived Nakayama vaccine should be strengthened to better assess the number of cases and reactions associated with immunization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.92-106
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• 2017

This paper examines the validity of issuing municipal bonds for land compensation of long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts. Then it suggests that municipal bonds should be issued for compensation priority areas with high rising prices. By conducting correlation analysis and PLS(Partial Least Squares) regression for 32 long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts, the factors were identified that affected 'rising prices of IAPLP(Individually Announced Public Land Price) after seven years'. According to the analysis results, Variable Importance in the Projection in PLS regression was higher in 'IAPLP of base year(1.919)' and 'Accumulated rising Rates of average IAPLP in the borough(1.176).' The implications of this study are as follows. In Seoul, the accumulated rising rates of average IAPLP over the past 12 years is higher than the accumulated interest rates for seven years of urban planning facility bonds, which means that IAPLP have risen more than the interest payments due to the issuance of municipal bonds. In addition, since the actual compensation is three times that of IAPLP, it is judged that the land price is actually much higher than the interest payments. This shows that issuing municipal bonds and preferentially compensating for areas like high rising land prices can increase the economic efficiency of the budget execution. Also, for economic efficiency of budget execution, it is necessary to propose an 'area with high IAPLP' or 'a part in the borough with high rising rate of average IAPLP,' which is expected to have a high rising land price as criteria for compensation priority areas. In the future, when issuing municipal bonds to compensate long-term unexecuted urban parks and greenbelts, variousresearch on financing for municipal bonds repayment should be conducted.