• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.439-456
• /
• 2020

In online shopping, "out-of-stock" and "sold-out" are used to indicate product unavailability, and this unavailability and its effects on consumers' behaviors have been studied with great interest for practical purposes. However, few studies have specifically discussed out-of-stock and sold-out products in the same paper. We hypothesized that consumers might cognitively interpret items marked out-of-stock and sold-out differently, and in this paper, we studied these potential differences from the perspectives of consumers' emotions, behaviors, and loyalty based on the stimulus-organism-response framework. In order to explore the differences, we used a multi-method approach that consisted of experiments, surveys, and interviews. Specifically, we built an experimental website on which the same products were categorized as either out-of-stock or sold-out, and we measured the participants' emotions, attitudes, and intentions after the experiment. After two weeks, we conducted interviews to confirm our results and to learn more about consumers' everyday behavior. In the results, males and females demonstrated differences in emotion, behaviors, and loyalty with the interaction effects of an item's being marked out-of-stock versus sold-out. We found that the consumers demonstrated different levels of loyalty based on whether the item was marked out-of-stock or sold-out. We discuss the strategic implications of our findings.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2024

This study judged that although milk with various properties is currently being released, the growth rate of the milk market has not changed significantly, and the reason for this is that a substitution relationship has been formed between existing white milk and milk with various properties and they are competing with each other. The purpose of this study was to provide implications for the future growth of the milk market by identifying the relationship between diversified milk attributes. As a research method for this purpose the own price elasticity, cross-price elasticity, and expenditure elasticity of each attribute were derived through the LA/AIDS demand system model, and an analysis of consumers' milk purchasing factors was conducted through factor analysis. Based on the analysis results, it presented implications for growth in the milk market, such as expanding products with great differentiation in attributes such as flavor, plant and lactose-free properties, establishment of marketing strategies targeting consumers with children, and expansion of online malls.

• Journal of Internet Technology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1691-1698
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we are to address the problem of item recommendations to users in shopping malls selling several different kinds of items, e.g., daily necessities such as cosmetics, detergent, and food ingredients. Most of current recommendation algorithms are developed for sites selling only one kind of items, e.g., music or movies. To devise efficient recommendation algorithms suitable for repetitively purchasing items, we give a method to implicitly assign ratings for these items by making use of repetitive purchase counts, and then use these ratings for the purpose of recommendation prediction with the help of user-based collaborative filtering and item-based collaborative filtering algorithms. We also propose associate item-based recommendation algorithm. Items are called associate items if they are frequently bought by users at the same time. If a user is to buy some item, it is reasonable to recommend some of its associate items. We implement user-based (item-based) collaborative filtering algorithm and associate item-based algorithm, and compare these three algorithms in view of the recommendation hit ratio, prediction performance, and recommendation coverage, along with computation time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.8 no.12
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2008

For decades, we have filled our theme parks, shopping malls, a streets and etc. with complementary or competing medias. These spaces have remedied newspapers, magazines, radio, TV and film or have been the object for remediation. Because there has been no remediation in traditional theatrical stage design, many problems come along with the design, which makes audiences hard to feel the sense of presence. It's time to have systematic research to find a way out for the solution of traditional theatrical stage design. This study suggests the solutions for remediation of traditional theatrical stage design, so we are going to research with laying emphasis on the cooperative works between the fields of theatrical stage design and the Visual Effects par that forms extensive and diverse portions. The proposal for remediation of traditional theatrical stage design with practical use of Visual Effects will create economical higher value-added through the systematization of close and cooperative work between the fields of Visual Effects and theatrical stage design. In addition, the systematization of the cooperation of these two parts will make another communicative paradigm that audiences have never been able to experience before in traditional theatrical stage design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.573-585
• /
• 2008

Flow has attracted more interests in consumer behaviors, with pleasure and fantasy getting more important in shopping. "Flow" means the experience with which consumers feel as pleased and satisfied as in playing pleasantly, and the optimal experience they feel when they are indulged in an activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among challenges, skills, flow experience, and future behavioral intention in online shopping malls. In addition, a 3D shopping mall and a 2D shopping mall were selected as the stimuli in order to examine the differences in flow experience in accordance with web site types. A survey questionnaire was developed and 700 data(2D group: n=380, 3D group: n=320) were used for analysis. Data were analyzed through structural equation model to explore effects of challenges and skills on flow. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the perception of higher challenges and skills led to positive flow experience and higher time distortion. Second, the higher the level of time distortion was, the higher the flow experience was. This means that a shopping mall will increase flow experience, if it is interesting enough to be unaware of time passing. Third, flow experience had a positive influence on future behavioral intention. Finally, in all variables except skills, the impact of 3D shopping mall is greater than that of 2D shopping mall, which means that web site types affect flow experience.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.15B no.4
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2008

It is important to retrieve effectively the visual media such as pictures and video in the internet, especially to the application areas such as electronic art museum, e-commerce, and internet shopping malls. It is also needed in these areas to have content-based or even semantic-based multimedia retrieval instead of simple keyword-based retrieval. In our earlier research, we proposed a semantic-based visual media retrieval framework for the effective retrieval of the visual media from the internet. It uses visual media metadata and ontology based on the web service to achieve the semantic-based retrieval. In this research, there are more than one visual media service providers and one central service broker. As a preliminary step to the visual media data retrieval, a method is proposed to retrieve the service providers effectively. The method uses the structure of the ontology tree to obtain the providers and their rankings. It also uses the size of sub nodes and child nodes in the tree. It measures the rankings of providers more effectively than previous method. The experimental results show the accuracy of the method while keeping compatible speed against the existing method.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.366-371
• /
• 2008

The controlled/living cationic polymerization of $\alpha$-methylstyrene (${\alpha}MeSt$) and sequential block copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) with ${\alpha}MeSt$ were achieved using 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$)/titanium isopropoxide ($Ti(OiPr)_4$)/2,6-ditert-butylpyridine (DtBP) initiating system in $CH_3Cl$/hexane(50/50 v/v) solvent mixture at $-80^{\circ}C$. The polymerization rate decreased with increasing $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratio in the homopolymerization of ${\alpha}MeSt$. The effects of $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratios and $PIB^+$ molecular weight on the polymerization rate and blocking efficiency were also investigated. Well-defined poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s were demonstrated by $^1H$-NMR and triple detection SEC; refractive index (RI), multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) and ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Blocking efficiencies for the poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s of almost 100% were obtained when ${\alpha}MeSt$ was induced by PIB's of $M_n\;{\geq}\;41000$ at $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]=1$. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the block copolymers showed two glass transition temperatures, thereby demonstrating microphase separation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2012

Purchasing behavior of brand clothes in internet shopping mall is largely used on the purpose of having a good quality of clothing, price advantage and shopping efficiency. This study aims to find out consumer's evaluation on the properties of brand clothes in internet shopping mall according to consumer's brand attitude(brand identification and brand pursue value). The influences consumers' evaluation of the properties of brand clothes on the purchase satisfaction and off-line brand image evaluation were also investigated. This study surveyed male and female consumers in their 20s~40s for empirical analysis in August 2011 who have purchased brand clothing through internet shopping malls. The survey was conducted on 254 subjects who were selected through online convenience sampling. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 12.0, and descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were done as well. The results are as follows. First, it was identified that consumers' brand identification and brand pursue value had significant influence on the evaluation of physical, functional, and expressional product properties. Second, it was identified that consumers' evaluation on the brand clothing properties significantly influenced on internet purchase satisfaction and brand image evaluation. Especially, expressive property of brand clothes appeared to be the most influential factor on purchase satisfaction and brand image evaluation. The results of this study will help clothing companies with prestigious brand names to administer the product qualities with differentiation policy from off-line sales and satisfy the consumer needs in internet shopping, hence enhancing the brand image of the company.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.76-90
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the effects of online shopping malls' HMR selection attributes upon satisfaction and repurchase intention. Study subjects were Busan residents from whome 252 valid questionnaire responses were collected and used for analysis. The study conducted afrequency analysis to explain demographic characteristics using SPSS 18.0. Other anaylses were perfromed in order to investigate the effects of online shopping mall HMR selection attributes upon satisfaction and repurchase intention. The findings revealed that convenience, package brands, palatability, price and food quality appropriateness exhibited a significant influence, although food quality did not have a significant influence on customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction had a significant influence upon repurchase intention. Therefore, a high added value brand with high quality packing and design is thought to be more important than inexpensive price and low quality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.4528-4535
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a distributed evacuation system based on the positioning information of subway passengers is proposed. Recently, the subway station is becoming complicated by combining with shopping malls, and movie theaters. Compared to the increasing complexity of subway stations, evacuation systems are less complex. Subway passengers in each cell were estimated to use the access point in the subway cells and statistics information. The evacuation route is provided through a direction indicator and push alarm of a smart phone based on estimated the number of passengers and exit information of the subway station. Based on this schemes, a quick and safe evacuation system of subway passengers was proposed. The number of connection passengers was estimated using AP with OpenWrt embedded OS installed. The average error rate of the number of passenger was confirmed to be 15%, 17% and 23% at the confidence parameter of $1{\sigma}$, $2{\sigma}$, and $3{\sigma}$, respectively, through a simulation. The possibility of the system through a simple experiment was examined.