• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of sexual health education guided by dramaturgical interaction on condom attitudes and intention to use a condom among undergraduate students. Method: Seventy-one female and 23 male volunteers at a university in D metropolitan city participated in the study with an one group pretest-posttest design. The intervention was implemented for five weeks in October 2003 with a short course including group works to encourage university students' social skills In condom use negotiations and condom purchase by using a dramaturgical interaction model. A confidential questionnaire was administered at baseline and post-intervention, and changes in condom attitudes and intention to use a condom were measured. Result: The self-report of female subjects showed significant positive changes in two out of the five condom attitudes domains, such assailability and effectiveness(p<.001) embarrassment about negotiation and use(p<.05), while male subjects showed no change in each of the condom attitudes domains. No significant difference was found in intention to use a condom after the intervention. Conclusion: Sexual health education planned to encourage social skills in condom use by using the dramaturgical interaction model was found to have positive effects on female university students' condom attitudes. A more rigorously designed trial is needed to develop a comprehensive sexual health promotion programme that targets both cognitive and behavioral changes among sexually active Young adults within community.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2011

To find out customers' consciousness by gender on satisfaction factors and preference in flower design of venues for the celebration of baby's first birthday, the survey was performed for 650 of adult male and female. The result shows that well designed flower design contributed to improvement in customers' satisfaction and increase in intention of reuse as well. The most influential factors in preference on flower design works were design harmony and color for male and design style and composition for female. Universal preferences of customers regardless of gender were as follows: Installation position preferred in flower design was in the sequence of table, entrance, platform, wall, and ceiling; plant preferred was Rosa hybrida; color preferred was pink; and bulky flower design were preferred.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.433-460
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• 2015

This paper was analyzed the politeness and the expression of ending sentence in family conversations in the virtual language of cartoon characters. Younger speakers have a tendency to unite sentence-final particle to the polite form, older speakers have a tendency to unite it to the plain form in the historical genre. But younger speakers and older speakers unite sentence-final particle to the plain form in other fiction genres. Using terms of respect is determined by circumstances and charactonym. Comparing the translation of conversations with the original, there were the different aspects of translated works. When Japanese instructors are used to study Japanese as the instructional media, they give a supplementary explanation to students. 'WA' 'KASIRA' that a female speaker usually uses are used by a male speaker, 'ZO' 'ZE' that a male speaker usually uses are used by a female speaker in the virtual language of cartoons. In the field of the translation, it is translated 'KANA' 'KASIRA' into 'KA?', 'WA' 'ZO' 'ZE' into 'A(EO)?', 'WAYO' 'ZEYO' into AYO(EOYO)'. When we use sentence-final particle in the virtual language of cartoon, we need to supply supplementary explanations and further examinations.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in teachers perception on educational attributes and effectiveness of IPTV according to demographic factors. To investigate possibility of educational application, the participants of the study were teachers selected from IPTV initiative schools in elementary and middle levels nationwide. 55 teachers participated from 22 IPTV model schools nationwide, which were 9 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, 7 high schools. As results of research, there were some significant foundings. In terms of the perception on educational attributes of IPTV, there are explicit perceptional difference between "capital area teachers" and "the other regional teachers". However, there were no significant difference according to school level. Perception of male teachers were more positive than those of female teachers. Also, there were no significant difference according to teaching experience. On the other hand, in terms of the perception on educational effects of IPTV, we could conclude that teachers from metropolitan cities have more negative perception on IPTV than teachers from other kinds of cities have. Regardless of school levels, teachers showed merely fair perception on effectiveness of IPTV. There was significant difference between male teachers and female teachers in perception on educational effectiveness. Also, Results showed no significant differences according to teaching experiences. Future tasks for the development of IPTV strategies require specific need analysis of teachers and collaborative works of policy makers, teachers, researchers, and IPTV service providers.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to investigate visual performance and subjective satisfaction with multifocal soft contact lenses at near works in university students. Methods: In a cross-over study design, 26 students (6 male, 20 female) who did not have any ocular disorder with at least 20/20(1.0) binocular vision were fitted with singlevision lenses (SofLens$^{TM}59$, Bausch + Lomb Co. USA) or multifocal lenses (SofLens Multifocal, Bausch + Lomb Co. USA). After 2 weeks, visual performance assessments included visual acuity, stereoacuity and contrast sensitivity function at distance and near. Near point of accommodation, accommodative facility, near point of convergence, vergence facility and near range of clear vision at near were examined. Students' satisfaction and preference were measured using survey questionaries. Results: Subjects maintained at least 20/20 binocular vision with multifocal and single-vision lenses at distance and near. There was no difference between multifocal and single-vision lenses in stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity function and vergence facility at far and near. The near point of accommodation, accommodative facility, near point of convergence and the near range of clear vision with multifocal lenses were better than single-vision lenses. On the survey questionaries, subjects reported that they preferred and satisfied with multifocal lenses with near works, and single-vision lenses with distance works. Conclusions: The majority of university students preferred multifocal to single vision lenses because multifocal lenses provided better visual performance at near works. This study suggests that multifocal lens is helpful for young adult in prolonged near works.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2018

This research aimed to determine what male nursing students experienced in the course of serving in a medical care unit in the military and how this experience affected the nursing curriculum after they returned to school. This study was intended to provide basic information on nursing education for male nursing students. This qualitative research conducted a focus group interview to gather comprehensive data that are common among the subjects, in which 15 male nursing college students who experienced serving in a medical unit were divided into three focus groups. The results of this study identified five themes: 'recognition of the various role of a medic', 'caring ability and management of rare diseases', 'adaptation to different works in each military ranks', 'recognition of health care networks', and 'prerequisite learning of school subjects'. It was concluded that experience as a medic during military service helped to develop various capabilities, and these competencies were shown to guide students to demonstrate their abilities in a school environment or help accomplish their given tasks with confidence and establish interpersonal relationships as nurses in the future. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for demonstrating that male nursing student's experience as a medic during military service aids to reinforce not only personal and academic capabilities but also the skills needed as a nurse.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

This study is the subsequent full-scale research of a TV drama writer who has been out of scholarly pursuits as it explores in-depth Su-Hyeon Kim's underlying consciousness with focusing on her male characters of the and . Su-Hyeon Kim shows difference which clearly distinguishes a melodrama from a home-drama by her own self control, a rare case in TV drama genres. This study, in her distinguished melodrama, analyses the writer's more clearly ignited consciousness. This study enlarges the result of the precedent study by applying the same Lacan's theory to the male characters with the study's female characters. Lacan's concepts of sexual difference notes that the sexual differences is not the product of the fixed differences from the biological organs or the inequal system, custom, but that of the psychological, cultural causes. According to Lacan's sexuation theory, the male subject is an all 'fractured' one of subordinating to symbolic/phallic order by becoming a exceptional being of breaking the order through a fantasy despite his existence of subordinating the order. The writer conceives men and women as the 'same', 'privative', 'fractured' subjects who search for the impossible phallic jouissance in their own different ways, which is the same method of Lacan's. Also the gap of 20 years of two works marks the writer's change of male perspective, in which shows being more accepting, more sex-neutral to a man who can only enjoy the phallic jouissance through a fantasy, while a woman who can enjoy both of the phallic and feminine supplementary jouissance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

A cell frequently utilizes glucose as a fuel of energy and a major substrate of lipid and protein syntheses. A regulation of glucose movement into and out of the cells is precisely controlled by cooperative works of passive and sodium-dependent active processes. At least 13 glucose cotransporter (Slc2a, GLUT) isoforms involve in passive movement of glucose in cells. The efferent ductules (EDs) play in a number of important functions for maintenance of male fertility. In the present study, using real-time PCR analysis, we determined gene expression of five Slc2a isoforms in the EDs. In addition, we compared expression levels of these Slc2a isoforms according to postnatal development ages, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Results from the current study showed that expression of Slc2a1, Slc2a3, and Slc2a5 mRNAs reached the highest levels at 1 month of age, followed by a transient decrease at 3 months of age. In addition, the level of Slc2a4 mRNA reminded at steady until 1 month of age and was significantly reduced at 3 months of age, whereas the highest level of Slc2a 8 mRNA was detected at 2 weeks of age. Data from the present study indicate a differential expression of various Slc2a isoforms in the ED according to postnatal ages. Thus, it is believed that glucose movement through the epithelial cells in the ED would be regulated by the coordinated manner among Slc2a isoforms expressed at a given age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to research into the thermal condition and the weight of clothes suitable for the officers engagged in light works in an air-conditioned room in summer. The Major findings are as follows: 1. Thermal conditions of the working environment are $24.5^{\circ}C$ (Dry bulb temp.), $68\%$ (Relative humidity) and 2.6m/sec (Air Velocity). 2. Total clothing weights are 416.6 g/$m^2$ (male) and 340.9 g/$m^2$ (female). Underwear weights are 96.8g/$m^2$ (male) and 85.1g/$m^2$ (female). The latter turned out to be statistically significant in Sexual difference. 3. Means of the thermal sensation are 3.0 (comfortable; male) 2.7 ('Slightly cool' -'Comfortable'; female) and the relationship between clothing weights and thermal sensation proves to be significantly correlated in the case of female. 4. $66.7\%$ of the women and $37.1\%$ of the men feel sensation of coldness at the body's specific area and $79.5\%$ of the women and $54.3\%$ of the men reveals air-conditioning disturbance. 5. As the thermal sensation is close to 'cool-cold', sensation of coldness or air conditioning disturbance are showed up more frequently which is reversely related with weight of under-wear. It is also proved that air conditioning disturbances are influenced by sexual difference in addition to sensation of coldness and thermal sensation. 6. According to the result of experiment, we can have the idea that at condition $X_1$, the drop of limbs' skin temp. is remarkable. At condition $X_2$ skin temp. for distal limbs and mean skin temp. are raised and the falling degree is similar. At condition $X_3$, mean skin temp. and distal skin temp. are remarkably raised, and the falling degree decreases and the beats of pulse rate increase and diastoric blood pressure is lowered.