• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

In order to investigate anti-cancer effect of Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber, this experiment was performed, in vitro. The results are as follows: 1. The MIT assay demonstrated that cell viability was decreased by Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber without statistical significance 2. The Apoptosis assay demonstated that apoptosis was induced by Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber without statistical significance 3. In quantitative RT-PCR analysis, there were no remarkable changes in expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bcl- 2, Bax, P53.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

Objectives : Previously we reported that the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) increased sperm count and motility. also induced spermatogenesis via cAMP-responsive element modulator(CREM) activation in rat testes. In this study, for the first step of spermatogenesis in germ cell lines, the antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng were examined in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. Methods : The extract was studied on diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, GC-1 cell viability by a modified MIT assay. H202-induced cytotoxicity by MIT assay and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. respectively. Results: The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being 0.631 mg/mi. The extract at concentrations of 5, and 10, 50, 100, 250 ${\mu}$g/mi increased GC-1 cell viability significantly(p < 0.05, and p < O.O1). Hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity (73.8%, p < O.O1) was blocked by the extract at concentrations of 50, and 100, 250, 500 ${\mu}$g/ml significantly (p < 0.05, and p < O.O1). The extract at concentrations of 10. and 50 ${\mu}$g/ml decreased the MDA formation on hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Panax ginseng has potent antioxidant activity and increases the survival rate of GC-1 spg cells against $H_20_2$-induced cytotoxicity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.476-479
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• 1994

Five pohenolic compounds were isolated from 80% aq. acetone extract of Duchesnea chyrysantha. Their crytotoxicities were screened by the colorimetric tetrazolium assay (MIT assay). Gallic acid, methyl caffeate, protocatechuic acid and pedunculagin mildly inhibited the survival of $PC_{14}{\;}and{\;}MKN_{45}$ human cancer cell. Brevifolin carboxylic acid showed a strong cytotoxic activity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2002

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Injin butanol fractions with Thin Layer Chromatography on Fas-mediated Apoptosis. Method: Injin-butanol fraction separated by TLC. MIT assay, cell cycle analysis, Caspase-3 protease assay, DNA fragmentation assay and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effects of TLC extraction of lnjin-butanol fraction on cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Results: Scopoletin, luteolin, apigenin and unknown powder was isolated by TLC. Fas-mediated apoptosis analysis shows that scopoletin has inhibiting function on apoptosis. Caspase- 3 protease assay analysis shows that scopoletin inhibits activity of caspase-3. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis shows that no activity on caspase-3, but apoptosis inhibition cytokine -Bcl-2- is activated, and apoptosis activating cytokine -Bax- is unactivated. Conclusion: These results show that each fraction of Injin-butanol TLC extraction, especially scopoletin, acts as a protective function on liver cell viability, and inhibitory function on apoptosis. (J Korean Oriental Moo 2002;23(2):57-69)

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2002

To evaluate the effect of Yuldahansotang(YHT) water extract on cultured hippocampal cell was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide, MTT assay, NR assay, Neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay and DNA synthesis assay were carried out after the cultured hippocampal cells were preincubated with various concentrations of YHT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of hydrogen peroxide. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Hydrogen Peroxide decreased the survival rate of the cultured hippocampal cells on NR assay and MIT assay. 2. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing a amount of neurofilament decreased by hydrogen peroxide in cultured hippocampal cells. 3. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing DNA synthesis decreased by hydrogen peroxide in cultured hippocampal cells. From above the results, It is concluded that YHT has marked efficacy in preventing for the damages by hydrogen peroxide.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.761-768
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• 1997

Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major causes of pulpal and periapical pathosis. The role of microorganisms in endodotic infection has been studied regarding the prevalence of particular organisms found in root canal and periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of culture supernatants of several oral microorganims isolated from infected root canals on the viability of cultured cell lines using colorimetirc assay. S. simulans, S. sciuri, E. faecium, S. intermedius, S. mitis, S. sanguis and S. uberis were incubated in Todd-Hewitt broth for 16 hours. 20 and 100ul of filtered bacterial cell culture supernatants were added to MK and Hep-2 cells. Cell viability was measured using MIT colorimetric assay. 20ul and 100u1 of S. sanguis supernatant showed significant cytotoxicity compared to control on MK cells. 100ul of S. sanguis supernatant significantly depressed viability of HEp-2 cells. E. faecium and S. intermedius did not affect the viability of MK and HEp-2 cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 1995

The migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells are desired goal of periodontal regeneration therapy. PDGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ are well known to regulate the cell activity of mesenchymal origin cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of these growth factors on human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cell actvity, and to identify the regulatory effect of $TGF-{\beta}1$ on the response to PDGF by MIT assay. Human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells were cultured from extracted teeth for non-periodontal reason. Cultured human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells in vitro were treated with polyperpetide growth factor PDGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ in both a dose and time - dependent manner. Cell morphology were determined by inverted microscope and cell acitivity were determined by MIT assay. The result of this study demonstrated that PDGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ were not changed the morphology of these cell compared with control group. PDGF or $TGF-{\beta}1$ increased cell activity of periodontal ligament cell in dose and time dependent manner but gingival fibroblast were decreased to the level of control group at third day. Additionally, incubation with $TGF-{\beta}1$ addition to PDGF resulted in a enhanced cell activity of PDGF. Therefore, cell acitivty of gingival fibroblast were not changed compared with control group. This stiudy demonstrates that PDGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ are major mitogens for human periodontal ligament cell in vitro, and $TGF-{\beta}1$ is a regulator of cell activity to PDGF in human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cell.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 1998

Calcium sulfate has a long history of medical use as an implant material. The biocompatibiliry of the material has been clearly established. Bone ingrowth concomitant with resorption occurs rapidly with efficient conduction of bone from particle to particle. Calcium sulfate also has a potential for functioning as a good bamer membrane. The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of different types of calcium sulfate grafting materials including an expelimental calcium sulfate compound on periodontal ligament cells in vitro as a preliminary test towards the development of a more convenient and useful form of grafting material which could promote regeneration of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. cells were cultured in a.MEM culture medium containing 20% FBS, at $37^{\circ}C$ and 100% humidity, in a 5% CO2 incubator. Cells were cultured into 96 well culture plate $1{\times}104$ cells per well with $\alpha$-MEM and incubated for 24 hours. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in $\alpha$-MEM contained with 10% FBS alone (control group), in medcal-grade calcium sulfate(MGCS group), in plaster(plaster group), experimental calcium sulfate paste(CS paste group) for 1, 2, 3 day respectively. And then each group was characterized by examining of the cell counting, MTI assay, collagen synthesis. The results \vere as follows. 1. In the analysis of cell proliferation by cell counting, both medical-grdde calcium sulfate group and plaster group showed no stastically significant difference at day 1, 2, 3 accept for plaster group at day 1 compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between CS paste group and all other groups at day 1, 2, 3(P<0.05). 2. In the analysis of cytotoxicity by MIT assay, both medical-grade calcium sJlfate group and plaster group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group at day 1, 2, 3 but there was stastically significant difference between CS paste group and all other groups at day 1, 2, 3(P<0.OS). 3. In the analysis of collagen synthesis by immunoblotting assay, high level was detected for medical-grade calcium sulfate group and plaster group at day 1, 2, 3 compared to CS paste group. On the basis of these results, medical-grade calcium sulfate and plaster was shown to possess biocompatibility whereas the CS paste had unfavourable outcome. This observation shows a need for modification of the materials contained in calcium sulfate paste.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2001

To evaluate the effect of Yuldahansotang(YHT) water extract on cultuted mouse spinal sensory neuron which was inhibited by xanthine oxidase(XO) and hypoxanthine(HX)-induced oxigen radicals, MIT assay, NR assay, Neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay and LDH activity assay were carried our after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of YHT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of XO/HX. The results obtained were as follows: 1. XO/HX, a oxigen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron cells on NR assay and MTT assay. 2. MTT50 value and NR50 value pf XO/HX were 20 mU/ml XO/0.2 mM HX and 40 mU/ml XO/0.2 mM HX. 3. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing neurofilament. 4. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing LDH activity. From above the results, It is concluded that YHT has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the XO/HX-mediated oxidative process.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of water extracts from Nelumbinis semen (NSW) in dopaminergic cells. Methods : We performed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azinobis3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation scavenging assay, and determination of total polyphenolic content to examine the antioxidant effects of NSW. We also evaluated the neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay (MIT) assay, trypan blue cytotoxicity assay, and nitric oxide assay in SH-SY5Y cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry in primary rat dopaminergic neurons. Results : NSW showed $IC_{50}$ values of 184.80 and 92.90 ${\mu}$g/mL in DPPH and in ABTS assays, respectively. NSW showed 1.05% of total polyphenol contents. NSW showed protective effect against 6-0HDA-induced neurotoxicity whereas no influence on cell viability at the concentration of 1${\sim}$50 ${\mu}$g/mL. NSW reduced NO generation while 6-OHDA produced it. Moreover, it protected rat dopaminergic neurons against 6-0HDA at a dose of 1 ${\mu}$g/mL. Conclusions : These results indicated that NSW has neuroprotective effect against 6-0HDA-induced neurotoxicity through antioxidant activity in dopaminergic cell culture.