• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.625-642
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• 2016

The recent papers [7, 12] developed two maps named by an LA- [7] and an LMA-map [12]. The present paper studies their properties and further, develops generalized versions of an LA- and an LMA-map, which makes the LA- [7] and the LMA-map [12] improved.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 1999

The effects of film thickness and moisture absorbing materials(MAM) on the ginger qualities were investigated during MA storage for 150 days. LDPE films of 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08mm thicknesses were applied to select the adequate film in gas permiability. MAMs of sheet and sachet type were applied to 0.06mm-LDPE film bag to prevent moisture condensation during storage. Thickness of film used affected neither weight loss nor firmness of gingers during U storage. But the thinner in thickness showed the less changes in sprouting, spoilage and reducing sugar. Moreover, compared with MAP alone, MAPs with MAM of both sachet and sheet styles led to the weight loss of gingers increasing by more than 3-4 times, but sprouting rate, spoilage rate and reducing sugar decreasing by 3.3, 1.4 and 2.3 times, respectively. These results showed that MAP with UM was significantly effective to prolong the freshness of ginger by longer than 2 times, compared with MAP alone.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2011

It is necessary that UGV(Unmanned Ground Vehicle) should generate a real-time travesability index map by analyzing raw terrain information to travel autonomously tough terrain which has various slope and roughness values. In this paper, we propose a local path planning method, $MA^*$(Modified $A^*$) algorithm, using DVGM (Directional Velocity Grid Map) for unmanned ground vehicle. We also present a path optimization algorithm and a path smoothing algorithm which regenerate a pre-planned local path by $MA^*$ algorithm into the reasonable local path considering the mobility of UGV. Field test is conducted with UGV in order to verify the performance of local path planning method using DVGM. The local path planned by $MA^*$ is compared with the result of $A^*$ to verify the safety and optimality of proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2011

The processing techniques are need to use the non-marketable paprika fruit because paprika that is difficult crop for cultivation and produced easily non-marketable fruits, such as physiological disorder fruit, malformed fruit, and small size fruit. This study was carried out to investigate the proper active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) condition for enhancing the storability of fresh-cut paprika fruit. The fresh-cut paprika (cv 'Score', seminis) put into $7cm{\times}0.7cm$ size and packed them in 20 g bags. The active MAP and vacuum treated paprika fruits were packaged with LLDPE/Nylon, EVOH, Tie film, and injected partial pressures of $CO_2$ and $O_2$, and $N_2$ in the packages immediately after sealing to treat active MAP. The ratio of $CO_2$, $O_2$, and $N_2$ of active MAP conditions were 0 : 20 : 80 (air), 5 : 5 : 90, 30 : 10 : 60, 10 : 70 : 20 and vacuum treatment did not contain any gas. The passive packaging treated paprika packaged with $40{\mu}m$ ceramic film. After 7 days of storage at $9^{\circ}C$, the fresh weight decreased less than 2% in all treatments, and showed lower in 5 : 5 : 90 ($CO_2:O_2:N_2$) active-MAP treatment and higher in vacuum treatment than other treatments. The $CO_2$ and $O_2$ concentration in packages did not change remarkably in active-MA treatments except 30 : 10 : 60 active-MAP treatment that showed sharply decreased $O_2$, concentration and increased $CO_2$ concentration at $1^{st}$ day of storage at $9^{\circ}C$. The ethylene concentration in package was the highest in 30 : 10 : 60 active-MAP treatment and the lowest in the passive MAP treatment that packaged with gas permeable film during $9^{\circ}C$ storage for 7 days. The 30 : 10 : 60 active-MAP treatments were not proper condition to storage fresh-cut paprika. The visual quality was maintained higher in 0 : 20 : 80 (air), 5 : 5 : 90, and 10 : 70 : 20 active MAP treatments and passive MAP treatment than others and the firmness, off-odor, and electrolyte leakage was investigated at 7th day of storage at $9^{\circ}C$. The 5 : 5 : 90 and 10 : 70 : 20 active-MAP treatment showed higher firmness and lower off-odor than other treatments after $7^{th}$ day of storage at $9^{\circ}C$. In addition, the electrolyte leakage was reduced less than 20% at 0 : 20 : 80 (air), 5 : 5 : 90, 10 : 70 : 20, and passive MA treatments. Therefore, 10 : 70 : 20 ($CO_2:O_2:N_2$) and 0 : 20 : 80 (air) might be recommended for proper active MAP conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2023

In order to extend shelf life for rockfish fillets by modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), different package atmospheres were compared in the product quality preservation. Firstly, CO₂ solubility was measured at 0, 5, 10, and 15℃ to be incorporated into the mathematical model to predict the volume and CO₂ concentration of the package at expected storage temperature. The CO₂ solubility given in Henry's constant decreased with temperature to be fitted with a linear equation. Then air packaging as control and four MAP conditions of 100 g fillets were prepared and stored for duration of 5 days at 10℃ to compare them in the quality preservation effect. Four MAP conditions employed were CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10), CO₂(60):O₂(0):N₂(40), CO₂(30):O₂(30):N₂(40) andCO₂(30):O₂(0):N₂(70). MAP conditions with high CO₂ concentration inhibited total aerobic bacteria, and the conditions containing O₂ led to low TVB-N. MAP of CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10) was found to be the best condition for rockfish fillet preservation considering total aerobic bacteria growth and nitrogenous volatiles production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2004

This study is to improve an automatic rate of mapping system through analysis of topographic map specification. The digital map ver 2.0(1/5,000) has used for this studv and the mapping information is to obtain digital and topographic map. This topographic map specification is compared with information that represented of today. The regulation of a map specification for automatic mapping system planed out $\circled1$ similar specification of topographic map $\circled2$ simplified specification $\circled3$ clearness specification. After this study, the automatic rate of a mapping is up to 7% and the map specification has been easily generated.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2005

The mature-red tomato fruits (cv. Pinky world) were packaged with functional modified atmosphere (MA) film (0.03, 0.06 mm) and stored at 0, 5, $15^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the concentrations of $CO_2$ and $O_2$ inside MA package were about $4.21{\sim}8.17%$ and $9.78{\sim}14.45%$ under steady state during storage 29 days at 0, $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The MA packaging(MAP) suppressed the fruits softening and the color change. The minimum lycopene content and maximum firmness were separately observed in fruits packaged with MA film (0.03 mm) at $5^{\circ}C$ storage and film(0.06 mm) at $0^{\circ}C$, which the lycopene content 6.08 mg/100 g, and firmness was 0.49 Kgf at 29 th day storage. The optimal conditions to keep high quality of tomato fruits were obtained by MAP during storage at $0^{\circ}C$ for 29 days, independently of the film thickness, in which the adequate gas composition was $CO_2$ at $4.2%{\sim}5.6%$, $O_2$ at $14.3%{\sim}14.5%$, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (MA) in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Two groups were fed either a normal control diet or an HF (45% kcal fat) diet for 12 weeks and three groups were fed an HF diet supplemented with powdered MA (MAP, 1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The anti-obesity effects of MAP supplementation on body weight, fat mass development, and lipid-related markers were assessed. Consumption of an HF diet resulted in increased body weight, serum lipids, relative adipose tissues weight, and liver fat accumulation. However, administration of MAP significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, hepatic cholesterol level, and adipose tissue weight in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with MAP significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited an HF diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with MAP exerts anti-obesity effects and indicate that MAP could be used as a functional food to control obesity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2010

Two similar microbial fungicides (termed as MA and MB) developed in a Korean biopesticide company were analyzed and compared each other in their biocontrol activities against the phytophthora blight of chili pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. MA and MB contained the microbe Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, with concentrations over those posted on the microbial products. In comparison of the isolated microbes (termed as MAP from MA and MBB from MB) in the antagonistic activities against P. capsici was effective, prominently against zoospore germination, while MBB only significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogen. Some effectiveness of MAP and MBB was noted in the inhibition of zoosporangium formation and zoospore release from zoosporangia; however, no such large difference between MAP and MBB was noted. In a pot experiment, MA reduced the severity of the phytophthora blight more than MB, suggesting that the disease control efficacy would be more attributable to the inhibition of zoospore germination than mycelia growth of P. capsici. These results also suggest that the similar microbes MA and MB targeting different points in the life cycle of the pathogen differ in the disease control efficacies. Therefore, to develop microbial fungicides it is required to examine the targeting points in the pathogen's life cycle as well as the action mode of antagonistic microorganisms.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.697-709
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• 2001

Generalized forms of the von neumann-Sion type minimax theorem, the Fan-Ma intersection theorem, the Fan-a type analytic alternative, and the Nash-Ma equilibrium theorem hold for generalized convex spaces without having any linear structure.