• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.581-587
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 철도건설로 인한 네트워크 효과를 고려할 수 있는 철도망 설계문제(Railway Network Design Problem, RNDP)를 제안하고 이를 풀기 위한 알고리듬을 제시코자 한다. 이를 위하여 bi-level 프로그램으로 모형을 구축하며, 상위문제는 총 통행비용을 최소화시키는 설계변수(design variable)를 구하는 문제이고, 하위문제(lower level problem)는 이에 따른 철도 승객의 철도선택 문제로 표현된다. 따라서, 본 연구의 철도망 설계문제는 철도건설로 인한 승객들의 노선변화를 고려할 있는 장전이 있으며 이점이 기존 철도망설계문제와의 차이점이다. 본 연구에서 제안된 모형과 알고리듬을 2개의 예제 철도망에 적용해 본 결과, 합리적인 해를 산출하여 향후 철도망 계획분야에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 바이레벨 문제를 풀기 위한 2가지 접근법, 즉 Cournot-Nash 게임과 Stackelbgerg 게임을 서로 비교하기 위한 것으로, 하위문제가 결정적인 통행배정문제(deterministic traffic assignment)인 경우와 확률적 통행배정문제(stochastic traffic assignment)인 경우로 구분하여 분석한다. 바이레벨 프로그램(bi-level program)은 상위문제(upper level program)과 하위 문제(lower level program)로 구성된 수리적인 문제로 상위문제는 목적하는 특정함수를 최적화시키는 형태이며, 하위문제는 통행자의 행태를 반영하는 형태로 구축된다. 기존에 제시된 알고리듬중 바이레벨문제의 대표적인 풀이 알고리듬인 IOA(Iterative Optimization Assignment) 알고리듬과 기종점 통행행렬추정(OD matrix estimation)에 주로 사용되는 IEA(Iterative Estimation Assignment)은 상위문제와 하위문제가 서로 독립적으로 존재하면서 설계변수와 통행량을 서로 주고받는 형태를 갖고 있어 Cournot-Nash 게임형태이다. 이에 반해, 최근에 제시된 민감도분석(Sensitivity analysis)을 기초로 한 알고리듬들은 상위문제에서 결정된 설계변수 변화에 대해 하위문제의 통행량변화를 민감도를 통해 고려하기 때문에 Stackelbeg게임이라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이들 알고리듬들을 비교하는 데 연구의 목적이 있으며, 기존에 제시된 기법과는 다른 좀 더 효율적인 접근법을 제시한다. 예제 교통망을 이용하여 제시된 모형들을 비교해본 결과, 결정적인 통행배정모형을 하위문제로 설정한 경우에는 두가지 접근법 모두 동일한 상위목적함수 값을 보여 우위를 판단할 수 없었지만, 확정적 통행배정모형으로 설정한 경우, Stackelberg게임 접근법이 Cournot-Nash게임 접근법 보다 더 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in the blood fatigue variables caused by isokinetic and isotonic exercise training. METHODS: Ten healthy adult males with at least one year of athletic experience participated. The participants performed the isokinetic circuit exercise program first, followed by an isotonic circuit exercise program. A two-hour break was allowed between the isokinetic circuit exercise program and the isotonic circuit exercise program. The circuit exercise program consisted of four items (Squat, Deadlift, Shoulder press, and Bench press). The blood samples were analyzed for the LDH, CPK, and Cortisol levels. RESULTS: The LDH level in the isokinetic group was significantly different from the isotonic group. In particular, the change in LDH level in the isokinetic group was 33.30% lower than that of the isotonic group. The serum CPK level of the isokinetic group showed a 10.03% lower decrease than the isotonic group, but the difference was not significant. The Cortisol level was relatively unchanged in the isotonic group, but it decreased in the isokinetic group. On the other hand, the Cortisol level did not show a significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The isokinetic group showed alleviation of the three indices, unlike the isotonic group. Further studies associated with the changes in blood fatigue variables through various exercise programs and exercise intensity will be needed.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The system of clinical education program of Korean academic of orthopedic manual physical therapy (KAOMPT) was changed in 2014. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of satisfaction of clinical education program in KAOMPT before and after the new program. Methods: The subjects of this study were consisted of the physical therapist who participated the education program of KAOMPT from 2013 to 2015. 7687 structured questionnaires were divided in the courses and analysed. Results: There were significant differences of level of satisfaction of introduction course (p<.05), cervico-thoracic course (p<.001), lumbo-sacral course (p<.001), upper extremity course (p<.001), lower extremity course (p<.001), and advance course (p<.001) for three years. The satisfaction of introduction course was decreased in 2014 than 2013, but it was restored in 2015. The satisfaction of cervico-thoracic course was decreased in 2014 than 2013, but it was increased in 2015 than in 2013. The satisfaction of lumbo-sacral course in 2014 was decreased than in 2013, but it was restored in 2015. The satisfaction of upper extremity course in 2014 was increased than in 2013, but it became same level with 2013 in 2015. The satisfaction of lower extremity course in 2014 was increased than in 2013, and it was maintained same level in 2015. The satisfaction of advance course in 2014 was decreased than in 2013, and it is maintained same level in 2015. Conclusions: The level of satisfaction of clinical education program was decreased in 2014, but it became same or higher level with 2013 in 2015. It is assumed that the new clinical education program of KAOMPT was established completely in 2015.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational stress factors on the level of stress and depression of entertainment program producers and entertainment program writers. Methods: This study was based on analysis of a survey collected by 65 respondents out of 224 questionnaires who are entertainment program PDs and entertainment program writers. The survey was conducted from December 20, 2017 to February 20, 2018. Results: In the logistic regression analysis conducted to investigate the factors affecting the stress level in the job-related characteristics of a) higher total career, b) shorter working period in the current firm, c) longer weekly working hours and d) more count of weekend work, the results found higher stress levels. In the sub-factors of job stress, the stress level encountered by respondents was significantly higher for those with a) higher job demand, b) lower insufficient job control and c) higher job instability. In the logistic regression analysis conducted to investigate the factors affecting depression, the depression level in entertainment PD was higher than the entertainment writer in the sociodemographic characteristics. In the sub-factors of job stress, the stress level was significantly higher for those with higher job demand, lower insufficient job control, and higher job instability. For job-related characteristics, depression was significantly higher for longer weekly working hours. Conclusions: Entertainment program producers and entertainment program writers suffer from psychosocial stress and depression which are caused by excessive job demands, lack of job autonomy and job instabilities. Those factors must be managed and also their workweek should be shortened.

• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.152-161
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the information providing program of $I^{131}$ treatment on the pre-treatment anxiety and immune response of patients with thyroid cancer. Method: The used design was a nonequivalent control group design with pretest and post-test. Subjects of this study were 54 patients who had received a total thyroidectomy. They were given a information providing program with a brochure before 4 weeks of the hospitalization for $I^{131}treatment$, with problem solving phone counseling before 2 weeks of the hospitalization. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN program. Result: Hypothesis one, "The anxiety score of an experimental group would be lower than the score of a control group" was supported(t = -2.12, p = .03). Hypothesis two, "The level of cortisol of an experimental group would be lower than the level of a control group" was supported(t = -3.19, p = .00). However, hypothesis three "The level of T, B and N-K cells of an experimental group would be higher than the level of a control group" was not supported. Conclusion: The information providing program of $I^{131}$ treatment effectively decreased the anxiety of patients with thyroid cancer.

• 창의정보문화연구
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 저학년 학생을 대상으로 하는 언플러그드 교육프로그램을 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 다음과 같이 연구를 진행하였다. 첫 번째로 초등학교 저학년 학생의 발달 수준에 맞게 놀이 활동 중심으로 놀이학습 기반 언플러그드 교육 방법을 발굴하였다. 두 번째로 발굴된 주제에 따라 컴퓨팅 사고력을 기를 수 있는 언플러그드 교육프로그램을 설계하였다. 각 차시는 스토리텔링으로 진행이 되며, 스토리텔링의 내용은 통합교과 '겨울'과 관련된다. 또한, 각 차시는 컴퓨팅 사고력의 핵심요소를 기준으로 분석되었다. 그리고 설계한 언플러그드 교육프로그램에서 활용할 수 있는 교육 자료를 개발하였다. 마지막으로 초등학교 저학년 학생을 대상으로 교육프로그램을 적용하고, 사례연구를 통해 교육프로그램을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 학생들의 수준에 맞게 교육프로그램이 구성되었으며, 본 교육프로그램은 초등저학년 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 도움이 된다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the level and relevant factors of influencing quality of lift of Hair Designer and to provide basic data to prepare intervention program for them. The data were collected from 733 Hair Designer who worked in beauty shops located in big and small cities including Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejon, Gwangju, Gyeongju, Changwon, Andong, using self-administered questionnaire for four months from February to June 2005. The results of this study show that the level of quality of life of Hair Designer are lower than one of workers in other jobs. Particularly, there is a close relationship quality of life, and that the lower the income and the shorter working hours, the lower the level of quality of life. Thus, the health promotion and education program to improve the quality of life of Hair Designer should be developed considering working conditions.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.647-660
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.525-534
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to improve school health program by investigation of several variables through educational diagnostic factors which influence the level of subjective oral health perception and DMFT of students on the basis of PRECEDE model. Methods : A total of 286 high school students in Busan completed the self-reported questionnaire from September 3 to 28 in 2012. Results : 1. Social and epidemiologic diagnosis suggested that the level of subjective oral health perception of male students was not better than that of female students and DMFT number of the male was more than that of the female(p<0.001)(p<0.001). 2. Oral health diagnosis indicated that once a day tooth brushing group showed lower level of oral health perception(p<0.001) and high DMFT number(p<0.001). 3. Predisposing factor of educational diagnosis implied that more than 4 times a day snack intake group and sweet diet and soda friendly group showed lower level of oral health perception and high DMFT number(p<0.001). 4. Tooth brushing of the reinforcing factors had the most important effect on the level of oral health perception and the number of dental caries. Daily snack intake was the most important effect on DMFT number. Conclusions : The informed consent from each family was the important factor in implementing PRECEDE model. School health program improved oral health care. Oral health program can correct the risk oral health behavior in children and adolescents.