• 제목/요약/키워드: Low-power DRAM

검색결과 45건 처리시간 0.021초

Effects of Etch Parameters on Etching of CoFeB Thin Films in $CH_4/O_2/Ar$ Mix

  • Lee, Tea-Young;Lee, Il-Hoon;Chung, Chee-Won
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.390-390
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    • 2012
  • Information technology industries has grown rapidly and demanded alternative memories for the next generation. The most popular random access memory, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), has many advantages as a memory, but it could not meet the demands from the current of developed industries. One of highlighted alternative memories is magnetic random-access memory (MRAM). It has many advantages like low power consumption, huge storage, high operating speed, and non-volatile properties. MRAM consists of magnetic-tunnel-junction (MTJ) stack which is a key part of it and has various magnetic thin films like CoFeB, FePt, IrMn, and so on. Each magnetic thin film is difficult to be etched without any damages and react with chemical species in plasma. For improving the etching process, a high density plasma etching process was employed. Moreover, the previous etching gases were highly corrosive and dangerous. Therefore, the safety etching gases are needed to be developed. In this research, the etch characteristics of CoFeB magnetic thin films were studied by using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching in $CH_4/O_2/Ar$ gas mixes. TiN thin films were used as a hardmask on CoFeB thin films. The concentrations of $O_2$ in $CH_4/O_2/Ar$ gas mix were varied, and then, the rf coil power, gas pressure, and dc-bias voltage. The etch rates and the selectivity were obtained by a surface profiler and the etch profiles were observed by a field emission scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to reveal the etch mechanism.

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SSD 컨트롤러 최적 설계 기법 (Design Optimization Techniques for the SSD Controller)

  • 이두진;한태희
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제48권8호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2011
  • 플래시 메모리는 빠른 처리 속도, 비휘발성, 저전력, 강한 내구성으로 인해 최근 다방면에서 활용되는 비중이 점점 커지고 있고, 최근 비트 당 가격이 저렴해지면서 NAND 플래시 기반의 SSD (Solid State Disk)가 기존 기계적 메커니즘의 HDD(Hard Disk Drive)를 대체할 새로운 저장 장치로 주목받고 있다. 특히 모바일 기기에 적용되는 싱글 패키지 SSD 제품의 경우 병렬 처리를 통한 성능 향상을 위해 채널 수를 증가시키면 NAND 플래시 컨트롤러의 면적과 입출력 핀 수가 채널 수 증가에 따라 증가하여 폼팩터 (form factor)에 직접적인 영향을 주게 된다. 본 논문에서는 NAND 플래시 채널 수와 인터페이스의 채널당 FIFO 버퍼 사이즈를 최적화하여 SSD 컨트롤러의 성능을 고려한 면적과 입출력 핀 수를 최소화하고 이를 폼팩터에 반영하는 방법을 제안한다. 이중 버퍼를 채용한 10채널 지원 SSD 컨트롤러에 대해서 실험을 통해 동일한 성능을 유지하면서도 버퍼 블록 사이즈를 73%정도 축소시킬 수 있었고, 컨트롤러 전체 칩 면적으로는 채널 수 감소에 따른 채널별 컨트롤 블록과 입출력 핀 수 감소 등으로 인해 대략 40%정도 축소 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

Single-Electron Logic Cells and SET/FET Hybrid Integrated Circuits

  • Kim, S.J.;Lee, C.K.;Lee, J.U.;Choi, S.J.;Hwang, J.H.;Lee, S.E.;Choi, J.B.;Park, K.S.;Lee, W.H.;Paik, I.B.;Kang, J.S.
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2006
  • Single-electron transistor (SET)-based logic cells and SET/FET hybrid integrated circuits have been fabricated on SOI chips. The input-output voltage transfer characteristic of the SET-based complementary logic cell shows an inverting behavior where the output voltage gain is estimated to be about 1.2 at 4.2K. The SET/FET output driver, consisting of one SET and three FETs, yields a high voltage gain of 13 and power amplification with a wide-range output window for driving next circuit. Finally, the SET/FET literal gate for a multi-valued logic cell, comprising of an SET, an FET and a constant-current load, displays a periodic voltage output of high/low level multiple switching with a swing as high as 200mV. The multiple switching functionality of all the fabricated logic circuits could be enhanced by utilizing a side gate incorporated to each SET component to enable the phase control of Coulomb oscillations, which is one of the unique characteristics of the SET-based logic circuits.

산촌(山村)의 노동력(勞動力) 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Labor Change in Mountainous Villages)

  • 유병일;박명규
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 1979
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 임업(林業) 생산(生産)의 주축(主軸)을 형성(形成)하고 있는 산촌(山村)이란 특수지역(特殊地域)을 대상(對象)으로 산촌입구(山村入口)의 대량(大量) 유출(流出) 현상을 고찰하고 산촌(山村) 노동력(勞動力)의 변화(變化)가 농가경영(農家經營)과 임업생산(林業生産)에 미치고 있는 파급(波及) 양상(樣相)을 분석(分析) 검토(檢討)하고자 시도 되었으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 산촌내(山村內) 입구(入口)의 대량(大量) 유출(流出)은 70년대(年代) 중반(中半)부터 표면화(表面化)되고 있으며 전출(轉出) 속도(速度)는 점차 가속화(加速化) 하고 있다. 2. 입구(入口) 유출(流出)은 임업생산(林業生産)이 활발(活發)치 못한 지역(地域)에서 임업생산(林業生産)이 활발(活發)한 지역(地域)보다 더욱 심하다. 3. 임업(林業)이 선진(先進)한 산촌(山村)에서는 임업생산(林業生産) 활동(活動)을 통(通)해 농가(農家)의 잉여축적(剩余蓄積)이 가능(可能)하였고 농민층(農民層)의 분화(分化) 현상(現象)이 나타나고 있으며 농촌업(農村業)을 중심(中心)으로 하는 농가(農家)의 겸업화(兼業化)가 진행(進行)중에 있다. 4. 산촌(山村)의 입구유출(入口流出)은 16~30재(才) 계층(階層)이 82~85%를 차지하고 있으며 결과적(結果的)으로 노동력(勞動力)의 노령화(老令化) 부녀화(婦女化) 등 질적(質的) 저하(低下) 현상이 현재화(顯在化)하고 있다. 5. 임업노동(林業勞動) 시장(市場)의 성격(性格)은 유촌지역내(由村地域內)에서 수급(需給)이 조절되던 과거(過去)의 폐쇄적(閉鎖的)인 모습에서 개방적(開放的)인 모습으로 변화(變化)되어 가고 있다.

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한국의 그린 비즈니스/IT 실태분석을 통한 추진전략 우선순위 도출에 관한 연구 (Development of Korean Green Business/IT Strategies Based on Priority Analysis)

  • 김재경;최주철;최일영
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.191-204
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    • 2010
  • Recently, the CO2 emission and energy consumption have become critical global issues to decide the future of nations. Especially, the spread of IT products and the increased use of internet and web applications result in the energy consumption and CO2 emission of IT industry though information technologies drive global economic growth. EU, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are using IT related environmental regulations such as WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS(Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substance), REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals) and EuP(Energy using Product), and have established systematic green business/IT strategies to enhance the competitiveness of IT industry. For example, the Japan government proposed the "Green IT initiative" for being compatible with economic growth and environmental protection. Not only energy saving technologies but energy saving systems have been developed for accomplishing sustainable development. Korea's CO2 emission and energy consumption continuously have grown at comparatively high rates. They are related to its industrial structure depending on high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel Industry, automotive industry, shipbuilding industry, semiconductor industry, and so on. In particular, export proportion of IT manufacturing is quite high in Korea. For example, the global market share of the semiconductor such as DRAM was about 80% in 2008. Accordingly, Korea needs to establish a systematic strategy to respond to the global environmental regulations and to maintain competitiveness in the IT industry. However, green competitiveness of Korea ranked 11th among 15 major countries and R&D budget for green technology is not large enough to develop energy-saving technologies for infrastructure and value chain of low-carbon society though that grows at high rates. Moreover, there are no concrete action plans in Korea. This research aims to deduce the priorities of the Korean green business/IT strategies to use multi attribute weighted average method. We selected a panel of 19 experts who work at the green business related firms such as HP, IBM, Fujitsu and so on, and selected six assessment indices such as the urgency of the technology development, the technology gap between Korea and the developed countries, the effect of import substitution, the spillover effect of technology, the market growth, and the export potential of the package or stand-alone products by existing literature review. We submitted questionnaires at approximately weekly intervals to them for priorities of the green business/IT strategies. The strategies broadly classify as follows. The first strategy which consists of the green business/IT policy and standardization, process and performance management and IT industry and legislative alignment relates to government's role in the green economy. The second strategy relates to IT to support environment sustainability such as the travel and ways of working management, printer output and recycling, intelligent building, printer rationalization and collaboration and connectivity. The last strategy relates to green IT systems, services and usage such as the data center consolidation and energy management, hardware recycle decommission, server and storage virtualization, device power management, and service supplier management. All the questionnaires were assessed via a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very little" to "very large." Our findings show that the IT to support environment sustainability is prior to the other strategies. In detail, the green business /IT policy and standardization is the most important in the government's role. The strategies of intelligent building and the travel and ways of working management are prior to the others for supporting environment sustainability. Finally, the strategies for the data center consolidation and energy management and server and storage virtualization have the huge influence for green IT systems, services and usage This research results the following implications. The amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of IT equipment including electrical business equipment will need to be clearly indicated in order to manage the effect of green business/IT strategy. And it is necessary to develop tools that measure the performance of green business/IT by each step. Additionally, intelligent building could grow up in energy-saving, growth of low carbon and related industries together. It is necessary to expand the affect of virtualization though adjusting and controlling the relationship between the management teams.