• 무역학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2017

본 연구는 세계화와 요소부존도가 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 소득불평등에 관하여 전통적인 쿠즈네츠 가설에 기초하여 실증분석 모형을 설정하여 세계화로 이루어지고 있는 무역과 자본이동의 확대와 국가의 기본적 경제적 환경인 요소부존도의 효과를 분석하였다. WTO 회원국을 소득수준별로 4그룹으로 나누고 1995~2015년 기간 동안의 패널자료를 사용하여 실증분석하였다. 분석결과 고소득국을 제외한 중위소득국과 저소득국에서 쿠즈네츠의 역U자 곡선이 나타났다. 둘째로 무역의 확대는 고소득국가와 저소득국가의 소득불평등을 악화시키지만 중고소득국에서는 증가됨에 따라 국가내 소득불평등이 완화되었다. 세째로 해외직접투자의 유입액은 소득불평등에 크게 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 나타났지만 고소득국을 제외한 중고소득국과 중저소득국과 저소득국의 소득불평등을 악화시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째로 자본부존비율이 높아 질수록 소득불평등이 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자본의 증가로 생산성의 향상으로 소득이 증가되는 것으로 분석된다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2020

This study aims to quantify the effects of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on exports in the Korean manufacturing industry. To do this, we employ product-level export data that includes information about whether or not a product is affected by NTMs. One of the main results is that NTMs (SPS/TBT) on average led to reduction in Korean exports. However, the effects of NTMs differed depending on the income level of the NTM-imposing country. The NTMs imposed by high-income countries, such as U.S.A. and Japan, were found to impede Korean exports, whereas the export effect of NTMs imposed by low-income countries such as China was found to not be statistically significant. In addition, the results analyzed based across industries, income level, and types of NTMs are as follows. First, NTMs imposed on textile-related products generally hindered exports regardless of the type of NTMs, but its negative impact on exports was noticeable in the case of NTMs originating from high-income countries. On the other hand, chemical product-related NTMs were found to lead to an increase in Korean exports, and it had a positive effect in the case of SPS imposed by low-income countries. In other industries except for textile- and chemical-related products, the effects of NTMs on exports were either statistically insignificant or showed inconsistent patterns.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1385-1389
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the sun protection use behaviour among university students from 25 low, middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 18,687 undergraduate university students aged 18-30 years (mean age 20.8, SD=2.8) from 26 universities in 25 countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. Overall, 57.2% of university students reported liking to sunbathe and of those only 48.1% used sun protection when sunbathing. In multivariate logistic regression, younger age, being female, coming from a wealthy or quite well off economic family background, living in an upper middle or high income country, lighter skin tone, and other health behaviours were found to be associated with sun protection use behaviour. Low sun protection use calls for health promotion programmes to prevent unprotected sun exposure.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.69-93
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 공적개발원조(ODA)가 개발도상국가의 창업/금융환경을 개선시킬 수 있는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 창업과 금융환경에 대한 자료는 세계은행에서 제공하는 Doing Business 자료를 활용하였으며 개발도상국가의 경우 국가들간 소득 수준의 차이가 크기 때문에 소득수준에 따라 3그룹으로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 결과 저소득국가와 중저소득국가에서 ODA는 유의하게 창업환경을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 금융환경의 경우는 중저소득 국가에서만 ODA가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ODA의 규모나 의존도가 큰 저소득 국가에서 ODA가 금융시장에 영향을 미치지 않은 이유는 저소득국가에서는 금융시장 자체의 형성이 아직 미비하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한 중고소득국가에서는 창업환경과 금융환경 모두에서 ODA의 영향이 유의하지 않게 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

Purpose: Because the energy consumption, economic growth and logistics development are still the heated topics which have attracted many scholars' interests. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the effect of logistics development on the economic growth, explore the effect of the economic growth on energy consumption and to discuss the effect of the logistics development on energy intensity. Research design, data and methodology: Using the panel data over the period 2000-2017 of 156 countries and employing the country & year fixed effect model, system generalized method moments and random effect model, the empirical analyses of this propositions are performed. Results: The empirical findings present that the logistics development is positively related to the economic growth. The energy consumption in the t-1 period and economic growth are positively related to the current energy consumption. The logistics development is negatively related to the energy intensity. Meanwhile, the empirical findings also indicate that there is a great difference about these effects among the four sub-samples (low income 18 countries, low middle income 49 countries, upper middle income 44 countries, high income 49 countries). Conclusions: Based on the evidences in this paper provided, we can find that these variables can affect each other.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2024

While in high-income countries the development of digital technology began in the 1970s, in low- and middle-income countries it began in the 1990s and even after 2005, due to the political regime that constrained economic development and innovation. At the same time, there are no studies of the relationship between technological development and structural changes through innovation in low- and middle-income countries. The article aims to quantify the relationship of the introduction of digital technologies on innovation, structural transformation of low- and middle-income economies. The industrial-agrarian economy of Uzbekistan with an authoritarian regime is in a state of transition to a market economy, while in Ukraine, there are active processes of Europeanization and integration into the EU. Ukraine's economy is commodity-based (the export of raw materials of industries and the agricultural sector in developed countries predominates) and industrial-agrarian. Digital technologies and the service sector are little developed in Uzbekistan. On the other hand, Ukraine has a more developed ICT sector. Uzbekistan is gradually undergoing an innovative and structural transformation of the economy: the productivity of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors is growing, but the ICT sector is virtually undeveloped. In comparison, in Ukraine, there are no significant structural transformations due to a significant drop in productivity of the industrial sector, with stable growth of productivity of the agricultural sector due to technology and a slight increase in productivity of the service sector. It is revealed that Ukraine and Uzbekistan have undergone structural transformations of the economy in favor of the service sector, while the agricultural and industrial sectors produce less and less. If Uzbekistan remains the industrial-agrarian country with an aggregate share of the added value of these sectors 59% in 2019, Ukraine transits to the post-industrial type of economy where the added value of the service sector in GDP grows (55% compared to agrarian and industrial sectors at 42%).

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2011

Korea has experienced a remarkable economic achievement since the 1960s. However, behind this facade of growth and progress, a chronic housing shortage in the capital region, declining owner-occupation, rising housing costs, and polarization in housing conditions between the better-off and the worse-off clearly illustrate the impasse and crisis in housing that Korea now faces. In addition, the IMF crisis and the late global financial crisis shocked the Korean housing market. The Korean government has made significant policy changes to improve housing security for less-privileged groups. In order to achieve housing policy development, the Korean government has tried to employ of advanced countries. What are the benefits(merits) and dangers(demerits) of housing policy transfer between countries? This paper emphasizes that we must recognize about 'differences' rather than 'commonalities' between countries with respect to policy transfer. It also maintains that the government should play a main role as an enabler rather as a provider of 'low-cost' housing.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2016

This research examined two decades of the U.S. used clothing exports to the world. All countries (209) were classified into four groups based on the level of economic development. Between 1996 and 2012, U.S. used clothing exports shifted away from low-income economies to high-income economies. For the first time, our research demonstrated that the majority of used clothing discarded by American consumers is exported to high-income economies instead of poorest nations of the world. Next, used clothing exports and imports by volume and value in seven high-income countries were analyzed. The high-income countries not only exported but also imported significant amount of used clothing, which indicates a growing demand for worn apparel in developed nations. The demand might be at least partially attributed to the popular vintage clothing trend and increasing consumer environmentalism. Implications regarding development and implementation of a new classification system of worn clothing and recommendations for future research are presented.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-37
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• 2019

본 연구는 152개 국가의 불균형 패널 자료를 활용하여 1980~2013년 기간의 국가별 소득수준에 따른 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출 수렴 현상을 시그마 수렴 모형과 베타 수렴 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 절대적 베타 수렴과 시그마 수렴 현상은 $CO_2$ 배출 감축을 위한 국가별 정책 상황에 따라 소득 그룹별로, 기간별로 상이하게 나타났다. 조건부 베타 수렴 분석 결과, 고소득 국가에서 1인당 소득의 증가가 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴에 기여하였으며 제도의 수준과 기술의 수준이 높을수록 소득의 증가가 배출량 수렴 속도를 더 빠르게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 중소득 국가는 1인당 소득의 증가가 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴에 영향을 미쳤으나, 제도의 수준은 유의미하지 않게 나타났다. 반면 중소득 국가와 저소득 국가의 기술 수준 향상은 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴 속도를 늦추는 것으로 나타나 배출량 증가에 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.602-617
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• 2020

자유시장 경제를 근간으로 한 이윤주도 성장전략의 대안으로 논의되고 있는 소득주도성장 전략은 정부 부문의 적극적인 개입이 필요하므로 정부지출의 효용성이 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지난 수십 년 동안 분배체계에 의한 소득주도성장 정책을 수행해 온 북유럽과 남미 국가, 그리고 한국을 대상으로 정부지출과 소비지출의 경제적 관계를 규명하고, 이 결과를 바탕으로 소득주도성장 경로를 논의하였다. 지출 국민소득에 의한 구조방정식을 설정하고 일반화된 선형모형(GLMs)에 의해 추정한 실증분석 결과에 의하면, 북유럽 국가와 한국의 경우 정책적 효과가 크지는 않지만, 소득주도성장 정책으로 국민소득을 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 남미 국가는 소득주도성장 정책의 운용이 불안정할 뿐만 아니라 정책효과도 나타나지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 소득주도성장 정책을 수행하는 과정에서 저소비 계층보다는 중간소비 계층을 활용한 경로가 더욱 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 소득주도성장 정책은 지속 가능한 성장 전략이라기보다는 보완적 기능을 수행하는 정책으로 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.