• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.526-534
• /
• 1996

파속 작물인 대파, 양파, 부추 및 마늘의 조추출물이 각종 작물의 유묘생육에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 1. 파속 식물의 조추출물은 국화와 상추의 유묘생육을 저농도부터 억제하기 시작하여 농도가 높아짐에 따라 억제효과가 증가하였으며, 특히 상추는 하배축에 비해 근의 신장억제 효과가 컸다. 2. 벼의 유묘생육은 국화과 작물과는 달리 대파와 부추의 근추출물은 300에서 700ppm까지, 대파, 마늘, 및 부추의 경엽추출물에서는 500에서 1,000ppm까지 근의 신장을 현저히 촉진시켰다 그러나 지상부의 생육은 저농도에서 촉진되었다. 3. 마늘과 양파의 경엽추출물은 2,000혹은 3,000ppm의 고농도까지 각각 배추의 근 및 하배축을, 모든 파속 식물의 근추출물은 300에서 700ppm까지 근의 신장을 각각 촉진시켰으나 하배축 신장에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 무의 유묘생육은 양파, 마늘 및 부추추출물에서 저농도에서는 촉진효과가 현저히 나타났으나 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 부추의 근추출물은 고농도에서도 근의 신장이 촉진되었다. 대파 추출물은 뚜렷한 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 5. 고추의 유묘생육은 양파와 마늘의 경엽추출물에서만 5,000ppm의 고농도까지 하배축의 신장촉진효과가 나타났을 뿐 타처리구에서는 뚜렷한 촉진효과가 인정되지 않았다. 6. 오이의 유묘생육은 모든 파속 식물의 추출물에서 주근, 측근 및 하배축의 신장이 현저히 촉진되었으며 특히 양파와 마늘추출물에서 측근의 신장촉진이 두드러졌다. 7. 참외의 유묘생육은 오이와는 달리 저농도에서 약간의 촉진효과가 나타났으나 고농도에서는 억제되는 경향을 보였다.

• 지역연구
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 주거지 분리를 진단하고 모니터링 할 수 있는 수단으로 집중지표 기법과 특화계수를 제시하고, 부동산 거래관리 시스템(RTMS) 자료를 이용하여 수도권 79개 시군구의 임대료 수준별(상, 중상, 중, 중하, 하) 주거지 분리정도를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 임대료가 낮은 집단이 밀집한 지역은 수도권 외곽의 농촌지역 및 도농복합지역뿐 아니라 부천시, 수원시 등에서도 목격되었다. 경기도는 가장 다양한 집중도 유형이 나타났고, 서울시와 인천시에서는 각각 임대료가 매우 낮거나 높은 집단이 밀집한 지역을 발견하기 어려웠다. 집중도의 변화는 27개 지역에서 나타났고, 기존 집단보다 임대료 수준이 낮은 집단의 유입이 증가하는 하향 변화는 13개, 그 반대인 상향 변화는 14개 지역에서 나타났다. 특히 경기도 부천시 소사구는 하향 변화가, 수원시 영통구 등에서는 상향 변화가 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 수도권 지역은 하 집단의 집중이 줄어들며 다양화 지역 비율이 높아졌지만 상 집단과 하 집단이 특정 지역에 집중되는 현상이 심화되고 있었다. 이는 임대료 집단별 특화계수를 통해서도 계량적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 방법론적으로 특화계수는 집중지표의 설명력을 강화해 줄 수 있다고 판단되며, 향후 특화계수 외 다른 정량적 방법과의 연계에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대기
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2009

A strong negative correlation has been detected between the North Pacific Oscillation Index (NPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI) in May over Korea. In May of positive NPI year, anomalous patterns caused a drought in Korea as follows: the anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns in the northeast and southeast of Korea have strengthened the anomalous northerlies to Korea. In addition, these anomalous northerlies have prevented western North Pacific (WNP) high from moving northward. As a result, anomalous descending flows have strengthened in the mid-latitude region in East Asia. In the WNP, the anomalous south-high, north-low sea surface temperature (SST) has been widely distributed, which has strengthened anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns. These anomalous characteristics of pressure and SST patterns observed in May of positive NPI years have already been detected in previous winter (December-February) and early spring (March, April). In addition, the anomalous negative sea ice concentration in the North Pacific during two seasons has strengthened the anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the same region and in turn made a contribution to formation of anomalous south-low, north-high pressure patterns in May.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2004

For the development of high efficiency and low emission combustion systems, high temperature air combustion technology has been tested by utilizing preheated air over 1100 K and exhaust gas recirculation. In this system, combustion air is diluted with large amount of recirculated exhaust gases, such that the oxygen concentration is relatively low in the reaction zone, leading to low flame temperature. Since, the temperature fluctuations and sound emissions from the flame are small and flame luminosity is low, the combustion mode is expected to be flameless or mild combustion. Experiment was performed to investigate the turbulent flame structure and NO$_x$ emission characteristics in the high temperature air combustion focused on coflowing jet diffusion flames which has a fundamental structure of many practical combustion systems. The effect of turbulence has also been evaluated by installing perforated plate in the oxidizer inlet nozzle. LPG was used as a fuel. Results showed that even though NO$_x$ emission is sensitive to the combustion air temperature, the present high temperature air combustion system produce low NO$_x$ emission because it is operated in low oxygen concentration condition by the high exhaust gas recirculation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.348-356
• /
• 2011

The effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Brassica juncea on the quality and palatability of low-salt gochujang were investigated in terms of the microbial characteristics, enzyme activities, pH, acidity, amino nitrogen and sensory evaluation during 40 days of fermentation. The proliferation of fungi in low-salt gochujang with added G. uralensis and B. juncea were inhibited, while the numbers of total viable bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were not affected. In terms of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\beta}$-amylase activity, no significant difference was observed by the salt concentration or additives. However, lowering the salt concentration increased protease activity. The amount of amino-nitrogen in low-salt gochujang at 20 days was similar to that in the control gochujang at 40 days. In the sensory test, low-salt gochujang was preferred compared to control gochujang (8.5% salt). Particularly, the 4.3% salt gochujang with additives was the most preferred.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2003

For the development of high efficiency and low emission combustion systems, high temperature air combustion technology has been tested by utilizing preheated air over 1100 K and exhaust gas recirculation. In this system, combustion air is diluted with large amount of exhaust gases ($N_2$, $CO_2$), such that the oxygen concentration is relatively low in the reaction zone, leading to low flame temperature. Since, the temperature fluctuations and sound emissions form the flame are small and flame luminosity is low, the combustion mode is expected to be flameless or mild combustion. Experiment was performed to investigate the turbulent flame structure and $NO_X$ emission characteristics in the high temperature air combustion focused on coflowing jet diffusion flames which has a fundamental structure of many practical combustion systems. The effect of turbulence has also been evaluated by installing perforated plate in the oxidizer inlet nozzle. LPG was used as a fuel. Results showed that even though $NO_X$ emission is sensitive to the combustion air temperature, the present high temperature air combustion system produce low $NO_X$ emission because it is operated in low oxygen concentration condition in excess of dilution.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2008

The 2-step low temperature plasma processes (the combined carburizing and post-nitriding) were carried out for improving both the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel. The effects of processing time and temperature on the surface properties during nitriding step were investigated. The expanded austenite (${\gamma}_N$) was formed on all of the treated surface. The thickness of ${\gamma}_N$ was increased up to about $20{\mu}m$ and the thickness of entire hardened layer was determined to be about $40{\mu}m$. The surface hardness reached up to $1,200HV_{0.1}$ which is about 5 times higher than that of untreated sample ($250HV_{0.1}$). The thickness of ${\gamma}_N$ and concentration of N on the surface were increased with increasing processing time and temperature. The corrosion resistance in 2-step low temperature plasma processed austenitic stainless steels was enhanced more than that in the untreated austenitic stainless steels due to a high concentration of N on the surface.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2011

The results of comparing $PM_{10}$ concentration between 'Namsan' and 'Yongsan-gu' air quality monitoring stations show similar values with averaged concentration in the whole Seoul. The correlation factors in both sites were 0.865, 0.828 in 2005, 2006, respectively. For 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbuk-gu' air quality monitoring stations, different from the results mentioned above, they showed clear differences as altitude changes. PM10 concentration in 'Bukhansan' monitoring stations was 10 ${\mu}g/m^3$ lower than 'Gangbuk-gu' monitoring station which is located near the ground. Also, averaged PM10 concentration in 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbuk-gu' monitoring stations was lower than that in the whole Seoul. When comparing $NO_2$ concentration between 'Namsan' and 'Yongsan-gu' monitoring stations, $NO_2$ concentration in 'Namsan' monitoring station was lower than 'Yongsan-gu' monitoring station. For $NO_2$ concentration in 'Bukhansan', 'Gangbuk-gu' and 'the whole Seoul', there were the same pattern in 'Gangbuk-gu' and the 'the whole Seoul' and low values in 'Bukhansan' monitoring station. The correlation factors of $NO_2$ concentration in 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbukgu' was 0.525, 0.549 in 2005, 2006, respectively, which stands for low correlationship.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out in order to investigate general characteristics, sugars and organic acids contents of Korean traditional soy sauce, and to find out possibility of high quality soy sauce production in a short period through high concentration soy sauce making. In this study, we prepared three different types of soy sauce, low concentration soy sauce (Chungjang), high concentration soy sauce and Kyupjang, high quality traditional Korean soy sauce. pH of soy sauce were $4.46{\sim}4.90$ and did not show difference among three samples. Titratable acidity, buffering power and total free acid content were the highest value in Kyupjang. Kyupjang showed the highest contents of salt and pure extract. As the ripening period increased, the salt content increased in Chungjang samples, but decreased in Kyupjang. Reducing sugar contents of Kyupjang, high concentration soy sauce and low concentration soy sauce were 1.13%, 0.76% and 0.53%, respectively. Free sugar in soy sauce were analyzed maltose, glucose, galactose and fructose. Total free sugar content was highest in high concentration soy sauce, however, contents of glucose and fructose were higher in Kyupjang than in Chungjang samples. Galactose was the main free sugar in Chungjang, but glucose was in Kyupjang. Among identified volatile organic acid, acetic acid was present in the highest concentration, and volatile organic acid content was highest in the high concentration soy sauce at 150 days. 20 nonvolatile organic acids were detected in Korean traditional soy sauce. Succinic acid, lactic acid and 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid were the main nonvolatile organic acid in soy sauce.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.286-294
• /
• 1989

This Study has treated the effects of fiber, surfactants, temperature, surfactant concentration, pH, electrolyte, fatty acid contents and mechanical force on the removal of particulate soil from fabric, vacuum cleaner dirt was used as model particulate soil. The fabrics were soiled with mixture of vacuum cleaner dirt and fatty soil, and washed in Terg-O-tometer. The detergency was evaluated by measuring reflectance of a fabric before and after washing. The results were as follows. 1. The fiber type showed a different pattern of soil removal with surfactants. In general, particulate soil removal increased in the following order Acetate>PET. Nylon>Cotton. Particulate soil removal, which is affected by the surfactant type, increased in the following order NPE $(EO)_{10}\leqq$Soap>SLS>DBS>Tween 80. 2. The influence of temperature on the particulate soil removal was very complex because efficiency of removal was varied with surfactant and fiber types. The washing efficiency of NPE $(EO)_{10}$ was highest at around $40^{\circ}C\;and\;60^{\circ}C$ with cotton and PET but the washing efficiency of DBS was the highest at $60^{\circ}C$ with cotton, decreased monotonously with increasing temperature with PET 3. The detergency of particulate soil increased with increasing surfactant concentration at relatively low concentration and then levelled off above some optimum concentration. 4. The removal of particulate soil increased with increasing pH and mechanical force. 5. Effect of electrolyte on the particulate soil removal was depended on the concentration of the surfactant. At low concentration of surfactant, addition of electrolytes improved soil removal but above the some concentration no effect was observed. At high concentration of surfactant, Vie., $0.6\%$ , the maximum washing effect is reached without added electrolyte. These result indicate that added electrolyte only influence the adsorption of surfactant on the soil and fiber 6. Fatty acid content in the soil did not influence on particulate soil removal without regard to surfactants.