• 제목/요약/키워드: Locking

검색결과 993건 처리시간 0.03초

Sound-Field Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Cochlear-Implant Recipients

  • Jarollahi, Farnoush;Valadbeigi, Ayub;Jalaei, Bahram;Maarefvand, Mohammad;Zarandy, Masoud Motasaddi;Haghani, Hamid;Shirzhiyan, Zahra
    • 대한청각학회지
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.71-78
    • /
    • 2020
  • Background and Objectives: Currently limited information is available on speech stimuli processing at the subcortical level in the recipients of cochlear implant (CI). Speech processing in the brainstem level is measured using speech-auditory brainstem response (S-ABR). The purpose of the present study was to measure the S-ABR components in the sound-field presentation in CI recipients, and compare with normal hearing (NH) children. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, participants were divided in two groups: patients with CIs; and NH group. The CI group consisted of 20 prelingual hearing impairment children (mean age=8.90±0.79 years), with ipsilateral CIs (right side). The control group consisted of 20 healthy NH children, with comparable age and sex distribution. The S-ABR was evoked by the 40-ms synthesized /da/ syllable stimulus that was indicated in the sound-field presentation. Results: Sound-field S-ABR measured in the CI recipients indicated statistically significant delayed latencies, than in the NH group. In addition, these results demonstrated that the frequency following response peak amplitude was significantly higher in CI recipients, than in the NH counterparts (p<0.05). Finally, the neural phase locking were significantly lower in CI recipients (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of sound-field S-ABR demonstrated that CI recipients have neural encoding deficits in temporal and spectral domains at the brainstem level; therefore, the sound-field S-ABR can be considered an efficient clinical procedure to assess the speech process in CI recipients.

Sound-Field Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Cochlear-Implant Recipients

  • Jarollahi, Farnoush;Valadbeigi, Ayub;Jalaei, Bahram;Maarefvand, Mohammad;Zarandy, Masoud Motasaddi;Haghani, Hamid;Shirzhiyan, Zahra
    • Journal of Audiology & Otology
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.71-78
    • /
    • 2020
  • Background and Objectives: Currently limited information is available on speech stimuli processing at the subcortical level in the recipients of cochlear implant (CI). Speech processing in the brainstem level is measured using speech-auditory brainstem response (S-ABR). The purpose of the present study was to measure the S-ABR components in the sound-field presentation in CI recipients, and compare with normal hearing (NH) children. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, participants were divided in two groups: patients with CIs; and NH group. The CI group consisted of 20 prelingual hearing impairment children (mean age=8.90±0.79 years), with ipsilateral CIs (right side). The control group consisted of 20 healthy NH children, with comparable age and sex distribution. The S-ABR was evoked by the 40-ms synthesized /da/ syllable stimulus that was indicated in the sound-field presentation. Results: Sound-field S-ABR measured in the CI recipients indicated statistically significant delayed latencies, than in the NH group. In addition, these results demonstrated that the frequency following response peak amplitude was significantly higher in CI recipients, than in the NH counterparts (p<0.05). Finally, the neural phase locking were significantly lower in CI recipients (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of sound-field S-ABR demonstrated that CI recipients have neural encoding deficits in temporal and spectral domains at the brainstem level; therefore, the sound-field S-ABR can be considered an efficient clinical procedure to assess the speech process in CI recipients.

Formulation and evaluation a finite element model for free vibration and buckling behaviours of functionally graded porous (FGP) beams

  • Abdelhak Mesbah;Zakaria Belabed;Khaled Amara;Abdelouahed Tounsi;Abdelmoumen A. Bousahla;Fouad Bourada
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • 제86권3호
    • /
    • pp.291-309
    • /
    • 2023
  • This paper addresses the finite element modeling of functionally graded porous (FGP) beams for free vibration and buckling behaviour cases. The formulated finite element is based on simple and efficient higher order shear deformation theory. The key feature of this formulation is that it deals with Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with only three unknowns without requiring any shear correction factor. In fact, the presented two-noded beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the discrete model guarantees the interelement continuity by using both C0 and C1 continuities for the displacement field and its first derivative shape functions, respectively. The weak form of the governing equations is obtained from the Hamilton principle of FGP beams to generate the elementary stiffness, geometric, and mass matrices. By deploying the isoparametric coordinate system, the derived elementary matrices are computed using the Gauss quadrature rule. To overcome the shear-locking phenomenon, the reduced integration technique is used for the shear strain energy. Furthermore, the effect of porosity distribution patterns on the free vibration and buckling behaviours of porous functionally graded beams in various parameters is investigated. The obtained results extend and improve those predicted previously by alternative existing theories, in which significant parameters such as material distribution, geometrical configuration, boundary conditions, and porosity distributions are considered and discussed in detailed numerical comparisons. Determining the impacts of these parameters on natural frequencies and critical buckling loads play an essential role in the manufacturing process of such materials and their related mechanical modeling in aerospace, nuclear, civil, and other structures.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Acupotomy for Trigger Finger: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Hae-Won Hong;Myung-In Jeong;Hyun-Il Jo;Sun-Ho Lee;Ka-Hyun Kim;Sung-Won Choi;Jae-Won Park;Ji-Su Ha
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
    • /
    • 제40권2호
    • /
    • pp.111-128
    • /
    • 2023
  • Trigger finger is a common cause of hand disability that results in finger catching, clicking, or locking. Conventional treatment options such as medication, injection, and surgery have limitations. Studies have indicated that acupuncture and acupotomy can be effective in treating trigger finger. However, no review regarding these treatment modalities has been published yet. This review included randomized controlled trials published until January 2023, investigating acupuncture-related interventions. The primary outcomes of interest included the effectiveness rate (ER) and pain intensity, measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and secondary outcomes were the Quinnell grade (QG) and recurrence rate (RR). Adverse events (AEs) have also been reported wherever available. Overall, 19 studies were included, and results demonstrated that arcedge acupuncture improved the ER and QG and reduced NRS, and acupuncture was effective in reducing VAS. Compared with conventional surgery, acupotomy alone improved the ER and QG and lowered VAS and RR, with relatively fewer AEs. Acupotomy add-on treatment was more effective than conventional treatment; however, careful interpretation is needed for VAS. Acupotomy add-on treatment was more effective than acupotomy alone. However, the overall results must be interpreted with caution because of study quality, small sample size, and heterogeneity of the results.

CoSpace: 효과적인 협업 작업을 지원하는 윈도우즈 웹데브 클라이언트 (CoSace: A Windows WebDAV Client Supporting Effective Collaborative Works)

  • 이홍창;박진호;이명준
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.79-89
    • /
    • 2009
  • 웹데브는 비동기적인 협업 저작을 지원하는 IETF의 표준 프로토콜로서 다양한 콘텐츠의 저작과 관리를 지원하기 위한 웹 기반의 하부구조를 제공한다. CoSlide는 웹데브 프로토콜을 통하여 다양한 작업공간과 협업서비스를 제공하는 서버로서 Jakarta Slide를 확장하여 개발되었다. CoSlide 서버는 다양한 사용자의 정보 저장 및 공유를 위한 작업공간을 지원하며 자원의 효과적인 공동저작을 위한 환경을 제공한다. 실제적인 협업 활동은 CoSlide 서버에서 제공하는 협업서비스들을 활용하여 협업 수행기능을 제공하는 협업 클라이언트를 통하여 이루어진다. 본 논문은 CoSlide서버와 함께 동작하여 효과적인 협업 환경을 제공하는 CoSpace협업시스템 클라이언트의 개발에 대하여 기술한다. CoSpace는 CoSlide서버에서 제공하는 다양한 작업공간에 접근하기 위한 인터페이스를 제공하며 작업공간의 자원을 제어할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 특별히 자원의 공동저작을 위한 저작도구 자동연결 자동 잠금 처리 드래그앤드랍을 이용한 자원 이동 등의 향상된 자원 제어기능을 제공한다.

구조물의 대변형 비탄성 해석을 위한 범용 목적의 XFINAS 4절점 순수 변위 합응력 쉘요소 (A General and Versatile XFINAS 4-node Co-Rotational Resultant Shell Element for Large Deformation Inelastic Analysis of Structures)

  • 김기두;이창수
    • 대한토목학회논문집
    • /
    • 제26권3A호
    • /
    • pp.447-455
    • /
    • 2006
  • 순수변위 비선형 4절점 쉘요소의 정식화를 제안하여 철근 콘크리트, 강재및 복합재료등 범용 목적의 구조물의 해석에 적합하도록 하였다. 기하강성의 정식은 2차 운동역학적 관계를 이용하여 쉘이 중립면에서 정의되었고 이러한 기하강성은 면내응력, 휨 모멘트와 수직 전단력의 형태로 구성되어 두꺼운 판 및 쉘의 해석에 효과적이다. 가정된 자연 변형률 방법을 사용하여 전단잠김 문제를 제거한 복합 쉘 요소는 얇은 판및 쉘의 경우에도 정확한 해를 구할 수 있다. 콘크리트 경우 소성이론 및 탄소성 파괴역학에 근거한 비탄성 해석이 가능하며 강재경우 폰미스의 항복이론과 이바노브의 항복이론을 이용한 소성해석이 가능하다. 복합 재료의 수직전단 강성 행렬은 평형방정식으로부터 유도하여 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 쉘 요소는 해석 예제들이 참고문헌과 잘 일치하여 정확성이 입증되었으며 범용목적의 박판구조 해석에 적합한 것으로 사료 되었다.

Femtosecond Mid-IR Cr:ZnS Laser with Transmitting Graphene-ZnSe Saturable Absorber

  • Won Bae Cho;Ji Eun Bae;Seong Cheol Lee;Nosoung Myoung;Fabian Rotermund
    • Current Optics and Photonics
    • /
    • 제7권6호
    • /
    • pp.738-744
    • /
    • 2023
  • Graphene-based saturable absorbers (SAs) are widely used as laser mode-lockers at various laser oscillators. In particular, transmission-type graphene-SAs with ultrabroad spectral coverage are typically manufactured on transparent substrates with low nonlinearity to minimize the effects on the oscillators. Here, we developed two types of transmitting graphene SAs based on CaF2 and ZnSe. Using the graphene-SA based on CaF2, a passively mode-locked mid-infrared Cr:ZnS laser delivers relatively long 540 fs pulses with a maximum output power of up to 760 mW. In the negative net cavity dispersion regime, the pulse width was not reduced further by inhomogeneous group delay dispersion (GDD) compensation. In the same laser cavity, we replaced only the graphene-SA based on CaF2 with the SA based on ZnSe. Due to the additional self-phase modulation effect induced by the ZnSe substrate with high nonlinearity, the stably mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser produced Fourier transform-limited ~130 fs near 2,340 nm. In the stable single-pulse operation regime, average output powers up to 635 mW at 234 MHz repetition rates were achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to achieve shorter pulse widths from a polycrystalline Cr:ZnS laser by utilizing the graphene deposited on the substrate with high nonlinearity.

A Proposed Authentication Scenario based on SBT implementation for Decentralized User Authentication

  • Sung-Woo Cho;Jung-Won Seo;Soo-Yong Park
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
    • /
    • 제28권12호
    • /
    • pp.115-127
    • /
    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 블록체인과 같은 탈중앙 환경에서의 사용자 인증을 위한 SBT 기반의 사용자 인증 방안을 제안한다. 블록체인의 투명성으로 인해 기존에 사용하던 인증 수단을 사용하면, 개인정보 프라이버시 확보가 어려우므로 새로운 인증 수단이 필요하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 사용자 인증 수단으로 SBT를 활용한 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 아직 정립되지 않고 NFT의 전송과 관련된 함수를 제거한 형태로 SBT를 구현한 연구들이 대부분인 상황이다. 본 논문의 접근 방안은 ERC-5192 표준의 토큰 잠금 기능을 활용해 사용성과 안정성을 확보한 SBT 토큰을 구현하였다. 또한 구현한 SBT 토큰을 기반으로 한 인증 프로세스를 제안했다. 이러한 접근 방안을 검증하기 위해 제안한 인증 프로세스를 기반으로 한 가상의 사용자 인증 시나리오를 설정하고 해당 시나리오에서 발생하는 19개의 함수 호출 시나리오를 만족하는 스마트 컨트랙트를 작성했다.

방화문의 내화성능 향상을 위한 3단 문 결속기 연구개발 (Research and development of a three-stage door binder to improve the fire resistance of fire doors)

  • 임보혁;이주원;조동환;이해열
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
    • /
    • pp.157-158
    • /
    • 2023
  • Doors that are opened and closed when entering or exiting a general building are connected to the door frame and open and close. They are equipped with door locking devices of various structures, and are either locked to the door frame for the closing operation or released from the door frame for the opening and closing operation. Here, a single-stage door binding device having a door latch that is independently disposed at the center of one axis of the door is commonly used. On the other hand, if the size of the door is over a certain size or if the door is medium to large, the opening and closing operation may not be performed smoothly with only a single stage binder, or the closing state may not be achieved stably during the closing operation. In particular, in the case of the single-stage binding device provided in medium to large fire doors, the door is fixed to the door frame unstable, causing fatal errors in the fire prevention function of the fire door. Accordingly, in order to fundamentally solve these problems, we researched and developed a three-stage door binding machine that combines a top and bottom fastening structure with a single-stage fastening structure. This 3-stage door binder not only has the fire resistance performance of a fire door, but also has a T-shaped terminal in its fastening method, so if you eliminate the upper and lower fastening, it is a 1-stage binder like a regular product, but if you remove the door latch of the 1st-stage binder, it functions as an upper and lower 2-stage binder and forms a single mold. We researched and developed a three-stage door binder that can manufacture and produce three products at the same time, satisfying both product performance and price.

  • PDF

체이동 매듭과 추가적인 반 매듭 증가에 따른 매듭의 장력 변화와 최적 유지력 (Sliding Knots and the Effect of Additional Half-Hitch Knots on Optimal Knot-Holding Capacity)

  • 허창룡;김승호;김병관;유재철
    • 대한관절경학회지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.37-44
    • /
    • 2004
  • 목적: 잠김(Locking)이 가능한 이동 매듭의 (sliding knot) 최적 매듭 유지력 (knot-holdingcapacity KHC)을 가지기 위한 추가적인 반 매듭의 (additional half-hitches) 개수를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 4가지의 관절경적 이동 매듭법 (Duncan매듭법, Field 매듭법, Giant매듭법, SMC매듭법)을 대상으로 매듭 유지력을 실험하였다. 각각의 매듭을 만들기 위해 처음의 이동 매듭과 추가적인 5개의 반 매듭으로 구성된 6개의 연속적인 매듭을 만들었다. 각각의 추가된 반 매듭은 서로 교차하며 매듭의 지대 (post)도 교차하여 매는 방식으로 (reversing half-hitches with alternate posts, RHAPS) 하였다. 각각의 연속적인 매듭을 구성하기위해 No.2 Ethibond봉합사를 이용하여 각각의 매듭 형태에 12개의 매듭을 만들었다. 매듭의 인장 및 유지력 실험은 servohydraulic material testing system(Instron 8511, MTS, Minneapolis, MN)으로 주기적 부하(cyclic loading)를 시켜, 임상적으로 실패라 규정한 3 mm의 전위가 생길 때까지의 부하 (load to clinical failure). 매듭이 완전히 실패했을 때의 부하 강도 (load to ultimate failure), 그리고 실패 형태 (mode of failure)를 측정하였다. 결과: 추가적인 반 매듭이 없는 최초의 이동 매듭 자체로는 대부분 주기적 부하에 의해 매듭의 실패를 보였다. 주기적 부하 검사에서 각각의 추가적인 반 매듭이 증가할수록 평균 전위 값은 감소하였다. SMC 매듭법과 Giant 매듭법은 하나의 추가적인 반 매듭 이후로 0.1 mm이하의 전위 값을 보였고 Field와 Duncan 매듭법은 3개의 추가 반매듭이 필요하였다. SMC 매듭법과 Duncan 매듭법은 80 N을 견디기 위해 단 하나의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였고, Field와 Giant 매듭법은 2개의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였다. 100 N이상의 부하를 견디기 위해서는 SMC 매듭법은 3개의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였고, 다른 3가지의 매듭법은 4개의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였다. 추가 반 매듭이 증가함에 따라 봉합사는 풀리는 것보다 끊어지는 양상을 보였다. Duncan매듭법은 5개의 추가 반 매듭 이후에도 풀림현상을 보였고, 다른 3개의 매듭법은 3개의 추가 반 매듭 이후엔 75%이상이 봉합사의 풀림 현상보다는 끊어지는 양상을 보였다. (SMC, Field 매듭법은 92%, Ciant 매듭법은 75%)결론: 어떤 매듭법이라도 이동 매듭법 만으로는 주기적 부하 검사를 견디지 못했다. 모든 종류의 실험에서 SMC 매듭법은 최소2개의 두개의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였다. Duncan 매듭법은 최적 매듭 유지력을 위해 3개 이상의 추가 반 매듭이 필요하였다. 모든 매듭법에서 3개나 그 이상의 추가 반 매듭이 최적 유지력에서 정점에 가까운 양상을 보였다.

  • PDF