• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1990

This study was carried out to measure the degree of work-related stress and to identify factors influencing the excessive stress among clinical physical therapists. One thousand and five physical therapists surveyed nationwide met the established criteria for inclusion in the study. The respondents were an average age of 27.1 years, $34.5\%$ were married, and $61.2\%$ were female. Most of the respondent $(48.1\%)$ worked in local clinics. The average stress score was 50.9. Analysis-of-variance test demonstrated significant difference in the degree of stress among treatment facilities. There was a significant relationship between treatment facilities (general hospital, local hospital, clinic), number of patients treated per day, job satisfaction, low back pain and work-related stress, respectively. Work-related stress was unrelated to matters of sex, marital status, education. Hospital administrators, physical therapydirectors, directors, and individual therapists should work within their organizations to reduce work stress and its detrimental effects. Further research is necessary to investigate preventive measures to decrease the work-related stress.

• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer in the downward axisymmetric free water jet system impinged on a flat oblique plate which has the uniform heat flux. Experimental conditions considered were Reynolds number, distance between nozzle and Bat plate, inclination angle of heater surface and nozzle exit velocity. Local Nusselt number was subjected to the influence of Re number, Pr number, oblique angle of heating surface and local position of flat plate. In the wall region of downward surface, The secondary peak point of heat transfer appeared at the local point of X/D=-8 from the stagnation point. The stagnation heat transfer rate of this experimental study augments 2.4 times than that of laminar theorical solution. The stagnation nusselt number is function of Reynolds number, nozzle-plate spacing Prandtl number and oblique angle of impinging plate.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.55-92
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• 2010

In terms of labor market accomplishments, such as income, size of the company, and the matching quality between one's job and college major (specialization), a very large discrepancy is observed between the graduates from colleges located in Seoul and those outside Seoul. But, when the department average score of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) at the time of college entrance is controlled for, the discrepancy is found to be reduced to a considerable degree. In the case of wage gap, at least two third can be explained by the SAT score gap. The remaining wage gap seems to reflect the characteristics of workplace. In other words, graduates with high SAT scores enter colleges located in Seoul and thus tend to find better jobs leading to earning differences. This result that confirms the importance of aptitude test scores suggests that in the labor market, one of the major reasons behind a lower accomplishment of the graduate from local colleges is due to a lower competitiveness of local colleges in attracting the brightest students. But, this should not be viewed as only an internal problem of local colleges. This is because the growth of local economies tends to haul the advancement of local colleges in that area rather than being the other way around. The agglomeration effect in Seoul where headquarters of large corporations and financial institutions gather is the factor that has elevated the status of colleges located in Seoul since this provides highly preferred job choices of graduates. When the competitiveness of college is significantly influenced by exogenous factors, such as the vicinity to Seoul, the effort being made by colleges alone would not be enough to improve the situation. However, the central government, too, is not in the position to carry out countermeasure policies for such problems. The regional development strategy boosted through supportive policies for local colleges, such as financial support, is not based on the persuasive and empirical grounds. It is true that college education is universal and that the government''s intervention in assisting local colleges to secure basic conditions, such as tenure faculty and adequate facilities is necessary. However, the way of intervention should not be a support-only type. In order to improve the efficiency and effect of financial support, restructuring programs, including the merger and integration of insolvent colleges, should be underway prior to providing support. In addition, when the policy is focused on education recipients-local college students, and not on education providers-local colleges, the importance of regional gap in compulsory education (elementary and junior high schools) turns out to be much important as the gap between metropolitan area colleges and local colleges. Considering the educational gap before college entrance shown from the discrepancies of aptitude test scores among different regions, the imbalance between regions in terms of human resources is apparently derived from compulsory education, and not from college education. Therefore, there is a need to double the policy efforts to reduce the educational gap among different regions. In addition, given the current situation where it is difficult to find appropriate ex post facto policy measures to solve the problem of income gap between the graduates from metropolitan colleges and local colleges, it can be said that improving the environment for compulsory education in local areas is a growing necessity for bridging the educational gap among different regions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 1993

In order to determine the optimum planting density of Job's Tear, We investigatedagronomic characters, yield components and yields by using Ewon and Heuksuk cultivar. The characters, plant height, stem diameter, number of stems per $m^2$ and number of leaves per $m^2$, etc., were excellent in $60{\times}15cm$ planting space for the Ewon and Heuksuk local cultivar. Both the weight of 100 grains and that of 1 liter also higher for the Ewon local cultivar, and yield of stem and seed were the most excellent in $60{\times}15cm$ planting space for the Ewon and Heuksuk local cultivar. For the Ewon and Heuksuk, the analysis of variance for agronomic characters following the difference of planting density were acknowledged to be worth of attention.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.74-92
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• 2006

This study aims at revitalization of industrial consignment education and focuses on the development of preferred subjects and teaching methods. The survey was administered to six hundred workers for the local fashion distribution companies for two years between through interview and questionnaire with 13 questions: 3 of them about favorite subjects, 7 about teaching methods, and the rest about whether or not they want to enter a college as well as which certificates and which kinds of job they want to have. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows. 1 The respondents in 2005 who answered to the questions about fashion design and other major subjects show that they preferred the subjects on fashion design to the subject of make-up and that they were interested in the photo-shop subject while they were less interested in the fashion marketing subject. 2 In order to apply what they learn to their own work field, the respondents want practical-work oriented lectures rather than theory centered ones. It means the new teaching program needs the teaching staffs who have had some practical work experiences and majored in the same subjects as the respondents prefer to learn. So it is necessary to take it into consideration that the development of new curriculums should focus on the subjects of practical skill and the experiences of actual work fields. 3 The certificate of 'shop-master' qualification is considered as the most interesting and necessary thing for their job. The respondents show that they are most concerned in a shop-master, manager of a department at department stores related to fashion distribution companies. Therefore, it points out the intensive teaching program for getting the qualification of shop-master is a must in the industrial consignment education.

• Water for future
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 1989

Using the storm data which was augmented by the stochastic correlation with it's neighbors, the multiquadric equation of random surface of total storm depth is constructed. And to separate the local components from it's regionals and find the regional characteristics, a double Fourier analysis was applied to the total depths of storm data. The local components, storm residuals of each storm was assumed to be homogeneous random field and investigated with it's autocorrelation function. For the practical application, isotropic was assumed and that was identified with emprical data. Coefficients of normalized autocorrelation for all storms showed similar apperance. Using this emprical result, an example of the radial spectral distribution function which represints the spatial characteristics of rainfall over Han River Basin during 1975-1983 is presented.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2016

The usage of LED(Light Emitting Diode) has been rapidly increased and energy efficient management of LED light system is regarded as an important technology to enhance the energy efficiency. In this paper, we design and implementation of LED lighting controller which can control the LED lighting by using the wire and wireless communication technology based on the LAN(Local Area Network) and PAN(Personal Area Network). The implemented system can reduce the cost of LED lighting installing and avoids complicated wiring problem. And it is possible to minimize power consumption through automatic or manual LED control that they wished. In experimental results, the implemented LED lighting controller was satisfactory for all of the desired functions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1996

The 18th Winter Universiade will be held in Muju in 1997. It is a good opportunity to inform the local foods of Muju to the inside and outside of Korea. First of all, we carefully investigated the quantity of all kinds of food material, their circulation ability, and cookery per year in Muju. We found about sixty kinds of food as many as restaurant. We presented how to improve such kinds of food as O-Chunk (fish porridge), Minmulmaeuntang, Kochunaengi chungsik, etc. and how to use the special products of Muju such as yam, kochunaengi, wasabi and wild herb. The many kinds of cookery were specialized to cooks through manual and actual skills. And then we held a food contest that twenty-two cooks took part in the contest and there were exhibitted forty-two kinds of foods. Finally, through discussion and food contest, Muju Sanchae Bibimbap (meal which mixed rice with wild plants), Muju Sanchae chungsik (meal which has various wild plants with rice), Muju Kochunaengi Chungsik (meal which has various wild plants and wasabi with rice), Ma Naengmyun (cold yam noodle) and Muju Minmulmaeuntang (hot fish porridge) were recommended.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1975

Oceanographic conditions of the coastal water around Chungmu, one of the most important oyster farming areas in Korea, were studied from May to November in 1974 to find out the environmental influence to oyster farming. Six localities, Goseong Bay, Jaran Bay, off Saryangdo, Hansilpo, Tong-yeong Bay and Juklimpo were selected for monthly oceanographic observation and biological sampling. Flood current running westward brings saline water from the south-east and ebb current brings the low salinity water of Jinju Bay into this area. The waters in Juklimpo, Hansilpo and Tong-yeong Bay are slightly cooler and more saline than the waters in Goseong Bay, Jaran Bay and off Saryangdo. The amount of dissolved oxygen is lowest in September and Hansilpo has the least oxygen during summer. Silicate content is lower in waters of Tong-yeong Bay, Juklimpo and off Saryangdo than those of Goseong Bay, Hansilpo and Jaran Bay. Suspended matter in this area ranges from 7.4 to 16.6 mg/l and scarce in Jaran Bay, Juklimpo and off Saryangdo. Chlorophyll a shows large seasonal variation and local fluctuation. Composition of phyto-plankton reveals the difference between the waters of Goseong Bay, Jaran Bay and off Saryangdo and the waters of Hansilpo, Tong-yeong Bay and Juklimpo. The growth of oyster was good in Juklimpo, Tong-yeong Bay and Goseong Bay and worst in Hansilpo. The highest mortality was observed $82\%$ in the waters off Saryangdo.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.