• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: We examined the association between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea, 2004 to 2010. Methods: We used social expenditure data of 230 local governments during 2004 to 2010 from the Social Expenditure Database prepared by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Fixed effect panel data regression analysis was adopted to look for associations between social expenditures and age-standardized mortality and the premature death index. Results: Social expenditures of local governments per capita was not significantly associated with standardized mortality but was associated with the premature death index (decline of 1.0 [for males] and 0.5 [for females] for each expenditure of 100 000 Korean won, i.e., approximately 100 US dollar). As an index of the voluntary effort of local governments, the self-managed project ratio was associated with a decline in the standardized mortality in females (decline of 0.4 for each increase of 1%). The share of health care was not significant. Conclusions: There were associations between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea. In particular, social expenditures per capita were significantly associated with a decline in premature death. However, the voluntary efforts of local governments were not significantly related to the decline in premature death.

• 의정연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.203-239
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• 2018

사회의 복지균열이 정당경쟁으로 제도화되고 책임 있는 정당들에 의하여 사회적 이익이 대표될 때, 책임정치와 정당정치가 지방정치에서 실현된다. 본 연구는 개별적인 정치요인, 특히 정당요인과 경쟁요인 사이의 상대적인 영향력을 분석하여 복지지출에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요인과 주변적인 영향요인을 구분하여 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 복지지출에 미치는 정치적 영향의 비선형(non-linear) 관계에 주목한다. 2007년, 2011년, 2015년 한국의 전체 기초지방정부를 대상으로 복지지출 결산에 미치는 결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 단체장과 지방의회의 정당요인이 복지지출에 유의미하게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 선행연구에서 주장되어온 단점/분점요인과 단체장의 선거경쟁도는 복지지출에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 기초정부의 복지지출은 재정 세입과 세출의 차이로 인하여 정당요인의 영향력이 시 군 구 사이에 다르게 나타났다. 셋째, 지방의회에서 진보정당 의석률의 변화는 복지비 지출과 비선형 관계였으며, 민주당 의석률이 40%와 60%를 기준으로 복지지출에 미치는 영향의 방향이 변화하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 논문은 한나라당 단체장의 보수적 정향은 물론, 무소속 지방의원의 보수성, 민주당 일당지배 지방의회의 보수성과 관련된 시사점을 얻었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2014

본 논문은 우리나라의 1인당 지방재정지출이 1985-2011년 기간 동안 수렴하고 있는 지 여부를 광역자치단체 자료를 이용하여 검증하고 있다. Skidmore et al.(2004)의 구조적 모형을 이용하여 1인당 재정지출증가율 방정식을 추정한 결과 우리나라의 1인당 지방재정지출이 수렴하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다[23]. 더욱이 재정지출 증가율에 기여한 것은 노령인구 증가율이라는 것이 확인되었고, 5개 분야로 지방재정지출을 구분하여 수렴여부를 분석한 결과 기능별 재정지출의 유형에 따라 수렴속도가 다른 것으로 나타나 공공투자지출의 수렴속도가 공공소비지출의 수렴속도 보다 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 경제개발비 지출의 수렴속도가 사회개발비 지출의 수렴속도보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 개별 지방공공재의 혼잡도를 고려한 지방공공서비스의 수렴에 대하여 분석하는 것이 중요한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

While various fiscal measures have been used to influence regional capital inflow or industrial location, the effect of fiscal variables on labor mobility has been little understood. Understanding the relationship between the composition of local public and urban migration would enhance the city govenment's ability to pursue an appropriate population policy. In order to examine the potential for local public finance to be utilized as a policy tool in directing urban population growth, this paper analyzes the impact of local government financial structure on urban migration. In examining the data on local government finance and the changes in population of Korean cities during the last ten years, it was found that cities with high per capita expenditure in regional development have experienced high population growth rates. In this study migration equations were constructed using various fiscal variables such as the proportion of special account expenditures which are mostly spent for local development purposes, per capita regional development expenditure, degree of local financial independence and per capita net fiscal benefit, along with other explanatory variables. The results of regression analysis showed that city government's regional development expenditure variables have a positive effect on urban net migration and a negative effect on outmigration. Fiscal independence and per capita net fiscal benefit had mixed effects on in and out migration variables, implying that local tax burden does not consistently deter inmigration or induce outmigration. Based on the results of this study some important policy implications can be found regarding local government's fiscal policies. Those cities seeking to attract higher population inflow should make a greater effort in appropriating local expenditures for regional development purposes such as infrastructure, housing, and transportation. city governments should not be too concerned about high local tax burden or necessarily seek to enhance financial independence for these factors do not exert a clear influence on urban population growth or labor supply.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-178
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• 2024

본 연구는 동태적 접근 방식을 이용하여, 지방 재정지출이 수질개선에 미치는 직접효과와 간접효과를 추정한다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2018년까지 173개 시군구를 대상으로 패널자료를 구축하고, 2단계 동태패널모형을 추정한다. 실증분석 결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 수질 환경부문의 재정지출은 BOD 및 T-P 개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. BOD에 비해 T-P에 대한 직접효과가 더 크게 나타났으며, 장기적으로 그 효과가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수질개선을 위한 재정지출은 지역 소득에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 지역 소득과 BOD는 '역 U자형' 관계를 보였다. 수질 개선에 대한 재정지출의 평균적인 간접효과는 BOD에 대해서만 지역 경제성장 과정에서 수질을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, BOD의 경우 수질개선에 대한 지방 재정지출 효과는 간접효과보다 직접효과가 컸으나, T-P의 경우 간접효과는 유의하지 않고, 직접효과에 의해서만 총효과가 결정되었다. 즉 지방 재정지출이 지역 경제성장을 통해 수질을 악화시킬 수 있지만, 수질을 직접적으로 개선하는 효과가 장·단기에 더욱 크게 나타났다.

• 지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 1999

It is widely known that optimal control techniques are useful to measure the performance of macroeconomic policy. This paper examines how the method could be applies them to the evaluation of the public investment expenditures conducted by the local government of Choongbook Province in Korea. The numerical example illustrates the usefulness of the methods for the evaluation of the regional economic policies suggesting the main findings as follows: (1) If the local government of Choongbook Province had increased the public investment expenditures allowing the budget deficits for the first three to four years during the period between 1985 and 1990, its GRDP would have early risen to the ratio of more than three percent of Korea's total GDP. (2) The additonal welfare losses incurred by not following the optimal policy were 0.191 in 1986, 0.607 in 1987, 1.585 in 1988, and 0.132 in 1989, indicating that the public investment policy proves to be the best in 1989 and the worst in 1988.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-56
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• 1992

The objectives of this research are (i) to review the functional and financial distribution of public health adminstration between central and local governments, (ii) to find out, based on economic criteria, optimal distribution required to fullfil local need for public health, and finally, (iii) to suggest policy implications in health area in face of the newly arising local autonomy system in Korea. Judging from data on government expenditures and tax revenues, public health administration in Korea is highly concentrated into central government, both functionlally and financially. High dependency of public health on central government has often been critisized that local residents can not participate in the decision making process for local health problems. This study, however, shows that localization of public health administration does not necessarily result in efficient and equitable allocation of resource to satisfy local demand for public health. From this point of view, two eccnomic criteria are suggested, i.e. external effect and economies of scle, as distributive criteria of roles in public health administration between local and central government. In addition, superiority of central concentration of public health administration to localization is emphasized in that public health in a wide sense contains the nature of public good and is part of compulsory socil security system. As a consequence, planned intervention by government is desirable.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2024

We analyzed the effect of local college students' economic activities on the local economy. The analysis method was an industry-related analysis based on data obtained from a survey. As a result of the analysis, local university students were found to be sensitive to price when consuming due to insufficient living infrastructure around local universities. In addition, as a result of analyzing the impact of local college students' consumption expenditures on the local economy, especially local income, using a regional industry correlation table, the total income generated was KRW 130.6 billion (direct and indirect income effects KRW 90.9 billion, induced income effects KRW 39.6 billion), and the number of people induced to be employed was KRW 130.6 billion. It was estimated that there were 2,145 people per year. We examined the effect of local college students' economic activities on the local economy through quantitative analysis. This is a contribution point of the study as evidence supporting the maintenance and necessity of local universities, and suggests that the government and local governments should take active interest and efforts in fostering local universities.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.41-82
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• 2017

This paper studies the risks associated with local finance in Korea by identifying the financial status of each local government, including the financial burdens of PPP projects, and examined governmental future burdens related to PPP projects. We reviewed all fiscal burdens associated with projects, such as, for BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) types of projects, facility lease and operating expenses, and, for the BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) types of projects, construction subsidies that are paid at the construction stage, MRG (Minimum Revenue Guarantee) payments and the government's share of payment. Furthermore, we compared the annual expenditures of local governments on PPP projects against their annual budgets and checked if the 2% ceiling rule could be applied.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2016

In this study, we attempt to provide empirical evidence for the effect of the expenditure of the local governments on the air quality management. Based on the statistical data, the concentrations of air pollutants including $PM_{10}$, $O_3$, and $NO_2$ were analyzed in accordance with local characteristics of the local governments' environmental expenditure, demographic characteristics, and economic and human resources between 2008 and 2014. The results showed that government spending is estimated to have insignificant impact on air pollutants concentration. All these results are consistently corroborated from the analysis based on different alternative measure of local governments' expenditure (budget composition and measure of expenditure residuals). Subsequently, this study implies that environmental expenditures of local governments have not been effectively enforced to enhance the air quality of the region in Korea.