• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1774-1781
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative activities of Crab meat analogue prepared with protein hydrolysates obtained from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) from spent laying hens. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity was increased by adding MDCM hydrolysates during storage, and activity correlated with the concentration of DPPH added up to 6 weeks of storage. Hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity was increased in all analogues containing MDCM hydrolysates. At 0 days of storage, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity was increased by the addition of MDCM hydrolysates. Activity did not correlate after 6 weeks of storage, in which ACE-inhibitory activity was increased with low concentrations of MDCM hydrolysates, but no ACE-inhibitory activity was observed at higher concentrations. The liver-protecting activity of crab meat analogue was shown to be around 60% of the positive control; however, it was not significantly different among the samples during storage. These results support the use of MDCM as a source of health-promoting constituents in crab meat analogue.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus care mixture (DCM) on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice. DCM consisted of lagerstroemia speciose, allium hookeri, momordica charantia, amaranthus tricolor, and boesenbergia rotunda, which have been proven to have antidiabetic properties. Methods: In this study, we researched the effects of DCM in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice. C57BLKS/J mouse groups had no treatment, db/db mouse randomly assigned to 2 groups, and treated with distilled water and DCM (200 mg/kg/day). Blood glucose levels and body weight were checked every week. After 4 weeks of treatment, liver function indicators (AST, ALT, and LDH) and lipid metabolites (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were measured with a biochemistry analyzer. Diabetic factors (insulin, resistin, and leptin) were measured with ELISA. Results: DCM was decreased blood glucose, diabetic factors, liver function indicators, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol significantly. Also, HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in DCM group. The bodyweight of DCM group decreased but, no significant difference with the control group. DCM may have the potential to improved diabetes mellitus by regulating blood glucose levels and diabetic factors. Also protecting from diabetic complications by adjusting liver function indicators and lipid metabolites. Conclusions: These results suggest that DCM to be used as an oriental medicine for diabetes, the results of clinical trials are needed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.345-354
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of Korean red ginseng extract through transcriptomics in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. The db/db mice were randomly divided into six groups: diabetic control group (DC), red ginseng extract low dose group (RGL, 100 mg/kg), red ginseng extract high dose group (RGH, 200 mg/kg), metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), glipizide group (GPZ, 15 mg/kg) and pioglitazone group (PIO, 30 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. At the end of treatment, we measured blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). RGL-treated group lowered the blood glucose and HbA1c levels by 19.6% and 11.4% compared to those in diabetic control group. In addition, plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in RGL-treated groups were increased by 20% and 12%, respectively, compared to those in diabetic control. Morphological analyses of liver, pancreas and epidydimal adipose tissue were done by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon levels were detected by double-immunofluorescence staining. RGL-treated group revealed higher insulin contents and lower glucagon contents compared to diabetic control. To elucidate an action mechanism of Korean red ginseng, DNA microarray analyses were performed in liver and fat tissues, and western blot and RT-PCR were conducted in liver for validation. According to hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of gene expression Korean red ginseng treated groups were close to metformin treated group. In summary, Korean red ginseng lowered the blood glucose level through protecting destruction of islet cells and shifting glucose metabolism from hepatic glucose production to glucose utilization and improving insulin sensitivity through enhancing plasma adiponectin and leptin levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of lycopene supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, concentration of lipid oxidation products and antioxidant potential in the meat and liver of finishing barrows and gilts. Methods: A total of 40 barrows and 40 gilts were allotted in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 2×5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg/kg). In addition, four storage times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), at 4℃, were added to the model to evaluate the longissimus lumborum muscle. Results: An interaction (p = 0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene×period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. No interactions (p>0.050) were observed for the 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the pork. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (p = 0.001) up to 72 h. Additionally, there was a linear increase (p = 0.001) in the capture of DPPH radicals by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased. No interactions were observed (p>0.05) between the evaluated factors in liver. However, lipid oxidation was reduced by supplementing lycopene in pig diets. The capture of the DPPH radical, resulted increase in the antioxidant power exerted by lycopene in the liver (p = 0.001). The concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and DPPH in the liver were affected by sex (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of lycopene reduced the water loss during thawing and was effective in protecting against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver until 72 hours of storage, and the best results were obtained by supplementing with 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.359-363
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• 2002

Antioxidant properties of the extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus were investigated. The dried roots, stems or leaves were extracted with hot water or ethanol each. The ethanol extracts exhibited higher potency than aqueous extracts in scavenging free radicals and in inhibiting microsomal lipid peroxidation: the aqueous extracts of stems showed higher anti-oxidant effects than the root extracts. Copper-mediated LDL oxidation was also protected by the ethanol exlracts: antioxidant effects of the extracts tested were stronger than ascorbic acid, but not butylated hydroxytoluene. The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme was effectively suppressed by the aqueous extracts of the stems. However, in vivo antioxidant properties of the ethanol extracts of the stems did not seem to be significant, judged from the lipid peroxide values of serum and liver in normal mice. Thus, the ethanol extracts of the stems were shown to be more potent for protecting biological systems against various oxidant stresses in vitro, but not in vivo.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 1999

Among oriental medicine,s literatures, through Hwang-Je-Nae-Kyung(黃帝內徑) to Chung(淸), I extracted contents related to atrophy syndrome(?證). And studied it,s pathophysiology, therapy and treatment. Then, I concluded that result same below 1. The pathophysiologies of atrophy syndrome are lung heat(肺熱) & decreasing of it,s circulation, making liver and stomach weaken & difficulty it's circulation, injurious to liver and kidney & atrophy of bonemarrow and muscle. 2. The most important point of atrophy syndrome therapy is Yang-Myung(陽明). The Priority of therapy is stomach & liver,s balance. And then we must protect acquired human function & clean humidity & temperature of Yang-Myung(陽明). under the principle of decreasing south organ,s function & protecting north organ,s function, we should Ja-Yeum-Chung-Yeul(滋陰淸熱). so remove temperature of lung & protect liver and kidney & make strong stomach. 3. Among the therapy of atrophy syndrome in literatures Yi-Jin-Tang(二陳湯), Sa-Gun-Ja-Tang(四君子湯), Sa-Mul-Tang-Je(四物湯劑), Ho-Jam-Hwan(虎蠶丸), Dong-Won-Geun-Bo-Hwan(東垣健步丸) and Chung-Jo-Tang(淸燥湯) were many. These make strong spleen & dry humidity organ using Sa-Gun-Ja-Tang(四君子湯)and Yi-Jin-Tang(二陳湯) by Dog-Cheu-Yang-Myung(獨取陽明) method. Sa-Mul-Tang(四物湯), Phellodendri cortex(黃柏), Radix sophorae flavescentis(苦蔘), Carapax Testudinis(龜板) bitter taste make strong Yeum(陰) & decrease Yang(陽) so important human muscle powerful. Ho-Jam-Hwan(虎蠶丸), Dong-Won-Geun-Bo-Hwan(東垣健步丸), Chung-Jo-Tang(淸燥湯) make Chung-Yeul-Jo-Seup(淸熱燥濕), protect liver and kidney & strong muscle and bone. Besides Gum-Gang-Hwan(金剛丸), Yi-Myo-Hwan(二妙丸), Nok-Gak-Geu-Hwan(鹿角膠丸)&Ga-Mi-Sa-Geun-Hwan(加味四斤丸) were used in treatment of atrophy syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

Fifty percent ethanol extract of Lythrum salicaria Linne root (LSR) was tested in vitro on antioxidant activity, and furthermore was investigated on antioxidative and fibrosis protecting activities in $CCL_4$-induced liver fibrosis rat model. Ratio of hepatic GSH/GSSG (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione) as bio-parameter of antioxidant level in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats for 6 weeks significantly increased from 2.8- to 5.7-fold than that of $CCL_4$-treated rats at p < 0.05. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats ranged from 1.57- to 2.19-fold of normal rats and were lower than those in $CCL_4$ plus silymarin-treated rats ($1.78{\sim}2.46$-fold of normal rats) (p < 0.05). Amounts of hydroxyproline of liver tissue showing the content of total collagen, a parameter of fibrosis, in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-administrated rat livers were $4.9{\sim}8.8{\mu}g$/mg ($-47{\sim}-71%$, compared with that in $CCL_4$-treated rat livers ($16.6{\mu}g$/mg tissue), which were significantly lower than those in $CCL_4$ plus silymarin-administrated rats being $8.4{\sim}11.7{\mu}g$/mg ($-30{\sim}-50%$). This collagen reducing effect of liver tissue in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats was supported by histological observation using microscopy assay. From the results, we conclude that the root of L. salicaria have efficient antioxidant potential and effective antifibrotic activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-733
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• 1996

2-(Allylthio)pyrazine is effective in selectively suppressing constitutive and inducible expression of cytochrome P450 2E1. The effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine against potentiat ed chemical injury was studied in rats. Vitamin-A pretreatment of rats substantially increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity, as supported by an ~4-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Concomitant pretreatment of rats with 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the daily dose of 200mg/kg resulted in a 76% decrease in vitamin-A-potentiated hepatotoxicity, which supported the possibility that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine protects the liver against chemical-induced hepatic injury by the mechanism associated with Kupffer cell inactivation. Pyridine pretreatment caused substantial enhancement in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine treatment of rats reduced the pyridine-potentiated toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Animals treated with both pyridine and 2-(allylthio)pyrazine prior to intoxicating dose of CCl$_4$ resulted in 85% and 47% decreases in pyridine-increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels in the liver. The protective effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine on the DNA strand breakage induced by benzenetriol was assessed by measuring the conversion of supercoiled ${\Phi}x$-174 DNA to the open relaxed form. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine blocked the benzenetriol-induced conversion of supercoiled DNA to open circular form in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the doses from I to 10mM in the incubation mixture containing 5 ${\mu}$M benzenetriol completely protected benzenetriol-induced DNA strand breakage with the EC50 for the 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocking being noted as ~220 ${\mu}$M, whereas allyl disulfide exerted protecting effect at relatively high concentrations (i.e. ~850 ${\mu}$M), suggesting that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine effectively scavenges the reactive oxygen species. These results provide evidence that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocks vitamin A- or pyridine-potentiated CCl$_4$ hepatotoxicity and that the agent is active in protecting DNA by scavenging the reactive oxygen species.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

The Fabaceae family are being used as traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects as well as the cell protecting effects of extracts of 5 species (Astragalus membranaceus, Caesalpinia sappan L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis F., Pueraria lobate O., Pterocarpus santalinus L.) in Fabaceae family. The extracts from 5 species were tested by radical scavenging activity test, total phenolic contents and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Anti-oxidant effects of the extracts (5 mg/mL) from C. sappan was 93.49% by radical scavenging activity test. In addition, A. membranaceus extracts showed a weak radical scavenging activity. Anti-oxidant effects of the extracts (5 mg/mL) from A. membranaceus was 7.83% by radical scavenging activity test. Total phenolic contents of the extracts from C. sappan and A. membranaceus were 310.93 mg GAE/g extract, 15.33 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. Cell protecting effects against H₂O₂ treatment were observed at 100 ㎍/mL concentration of C. sappan and P. santalinus extracts. These results suggest that C. sappan and P. santalinus might be best anti-oxidant in Fabaceae family.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

The ultimate goal of radiation treatment is to use enough radiation dosage in order to examine a tumor while protecting normal tissue. Respiratory guided radiotherapy is being clinically implemented to examine a given stabilized area in order to compensate for the problems of patient breathing. This study investigates the effects of breathing movements on 40 patients with liver cancer through the actual radiation therapy plan using 4D-CT and respiratory guided radiotherapy using RPM. Using a commercial RPM respiratory gating system 4D-CT, we acquired 4D CT on multislice helical CT scanners that use different approaches to 4D CT image reconstruction. The results from analyzing forty patients according to age and direction showed no relationship between gender and transition change. The mean left-right, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal total movements were $3.19{\pm}1.29$, $5.44{\pm}2.07$, and $12.54{\pm}4.70$ mm, respectively. Changes were the largest with CC directions and as patients advanced in age, movements were larger. Therefore, as changes occur in treatment areas because of movements caused from breathing, respiratory gating system is put into operation to revise movement and can increase the radiotherapeutics effects in treating liver cancer.