• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.9 no.2 s.23
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2000

The region of Southeast Asia had already experienced rapid urbanization and cultural change before the East Asia region did. None the less, nowadays shophouses and rowhouses still form the major portion of streets in Chinese town in Southeast Asia countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the adaptation process of shophouse and rowhouse in the Southeast Asia region and the architectural characteristics between the middle of 18th and the early of 20th, which Chinese people of the region inherit and develop, for more thorough understanding of cultural adaptability and regionalism of Chinese architecture in Southeast Asia. The common fact found in the Southeast Asia region is that Chinese people in countries of this region gradually started to live densely as a group in a certain zone in city area since they got to play important roles in commerce, trade and service works related with cities, due to European countries' advance into Southeast Asia and their construction of colonial cities in the region. Chinese people in the region utilized residential rowhouse and special shophouse, which is a kind of shop adapted from rowhouses' sitting room or storage, for their commercial and industrial activities in urban areas, which had problems of limited space. They also realized high densities through vertical expansion of space in order to adjust to changing urban structure under execution of urban planning in cities of colonial area and rapid urbanization. Even though residence of Chinese in Southeast Asia was influenced by new political, social, economic and cultural rules of European colonies in Southeast Asia, it has continuously succeeded to the cultural tradition of China, their home country, in terms of planning principle which puts air well in the middle and hierarchial spacial construction method. Appearance of the open connected verandah, designed by Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore, can be regarded as one of the architectural characters. Hence, Chinese residence in cities of Southeast Asia can be understood as a new regional architectural culture in the context of European countries' urban planning and urbanization of colonial areas, Immigrants from southern China and their role, their adjustment to urban areas by utilizing mixed type houses of residence and business, cultural tradition of Chinese home country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.595-604
• /
• 2016

This study discusses the sustainable development of the compact city. The problems of urban sprawl have long been recognized. Urban sprawl results from the confluence of several factors: the lure of cheap open land outside the city, advances in transportation, the ready availability of capital to buy property, the increase in the number of real estate developers and the mass production of housing. The term compact city has the opposite connotation to urban sprawl. Compact cities provide a more energy efficient and less polluting environment, because dwellers within them live closer to shops and work and can easily walk, bike or take public transport. In other words, the compact city has the objective of facilitating the integration of the different functions through the intensive development of various facilities, such as residences, commerce, businesses and of improving the efficiency of urban energy usage by decreasing the volume of traffic.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.937-957
• /
• 2017

Urban roads are not only congested with vehicles and pedestrians, but also have many pipelines buried to provide convenience for inhabitants. In addition, urban inhabitants live comfortably in buildings adjacent to the road for residence, business, commerce, rest and so on. Therefore, despite the high cost of land, urban underground buildings with high land use efficiency are constantly being built. Recently, the construction of underground buildings has caused social problems such as the collapse of surrounding roads and adjacent buildings. Institutional improvement is being actively carried out to improve this. In this study, a new type of MSRC diaphragm wall was developed and a study on the construction method of underground building was carried out. It is intended to secure the underground excavation safety of underground buildings in urban areas and effectively prevent land subsidence complaints. Also, a reasonable design method of MSRC diaphragm walls using the ultimate strength design method is presented through the flexural performance Experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2019

It is needed to regenerate declined industrial districts in downtown area through to invite new industry and to improve urban environment. The purpose of this paper was to make suggestions on the urban regeneration for the districts. I have taken a literature research and a site analysis with cases of 'the South Lake Union' in Seattle and 'Pearl District' in Portland, USA. The result of the analysis was as follows: (1) The land use was changed to mixed use of business-commerce-recreation. The building use was changed to facilities for work, play and live. (2) Infrastructures were improved for user oriented facilities such as pedestrian friendly street, public parks & open spaces, public transportation system, and life supporting facilities. (3) The place identity was enhanced through the preservation of urban structure-tissues, renovation of existing buildings, and preservation of historical heritages.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2022

Metaverse has been encountering in our daily lives, and it has dynamically changed people's way of working, educating, and entertaining. During the Covid-19, people has been more immersed with virtual world. For example, the virtual environments have created new form and features of our remote work, online education, entertainment, and so on. Also, some people make a strong tie with their avatar to live in a virtual world. Indeed, it became a new normal life now. With this radical social and technological change, the metaverse has become a core issue for the communities of researchers and practitioners as well, and a variety of meaningful research and products have been conducted so far. Nevertheless, it still is lack of diverse theoretical, empirical, and practical studies, dealing with this huge socio-technical shift with the metaverse. Therefore, in this special issue commentary, we suggest potential metaverse research issues and topics, which highlight how management, organization, and information systems researchers could dance with the ongoing metaverse ecosystem for creating more productive research performances.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This study examines the effects of purchasing factors of consumers based on customer satisfaction and repurchasing intention buying through Internet shopping malls. The subject of this study are Chinese residents who have lived over a year in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, former research related with internet shopping malls' customer satisfaction and repurchase intention was revised. Based on past research, the internet shopping mall purchasing factors divided to 4 factors; factors of product, price, service, and promotion. 5 hypotheses were made. They are

Product factors of internet shopping malls have meaningful effect to customer satisfaction,

Price factors of internet shopping malls have meaningful effect to customer satisfaction,

Service factors of internet shopping malls have meaningful effect to customer satisfaction,

Promotion factors of internet shopping malls have meaningful effect to customer satisfaction,

Customer satisfaction factors of internet shopping malls have meaningful effect to customer repurchase intention. Measurements developed 4~5 items to each factor and questionnaires were made. The survey was conducted on 1,000 Chinese people. Out of 292 surveys, 9 were excluded which responded nothing or were unfilled. Finally 283 surveys were used in empirical analysis with SPSS 22.0 statistical program. Hypotheses were verified by structural equation modeling. Results - The following conclusions are shown in the empirical study. First, the service and promotion factors of internet shopping mall have effects on customer satisfaction. Second, customer (Chinese people who live in Korea) satisfaction have effects on repurchase intention. Third, the products value and price level of internet shopping mall have strong effects on repurchasing intention. Conclusions - There are suggestions that Chinese customers satisfied with Korean internet shopping malls might increase their royalty to the shopping malls as possibility of repurchase arises. This study has differentiating points with preceding researches that subjected residents in Korea. But there are limitations that this study also used purchasing factors used in preceding studies. Also this study has limitations, such as generalization in global market circumstances because this study subjected only Chinese people and not global customers. Therefore, further study executed complementary with those limitations would be an interesting study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 2015

Purpose - "Showrooming" refers to the phenomenon where a shopper visits a store to see and compare products but makes the purchase online at a lower price. Surveys on showrooming activities at home and abroad indicate that a significant number of consumers pursue showrooming activities. The advent of "showroomers," who engage in buying activities, hovering both on and offline, while selectively choosing sales channels to suit their needs, is powerful enough to erode the borders between channels and bring about seismic changes in the distribution industry. However, surprisingly, there has been no in-depth discussion on showrooming. This study seeks to theoretically investigate what impact personal characteristics have on showrooming preferences and attitudes in a multi-channel environment. Specifically, assumptions have been made that price perception, perceived performance risk, and trust in online shopping not only have a direct impact on showrooming attitudes but also indirectly affect it through the means of contact motivation. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of male and female shoppers, ages 20 through 40s, who live in metropolitan areas, and have actively showroomed fashion items in the last six months. A clothing item usually purchased after a careful decision-making process was chosen as the target product of the study. The survey was conducted between October and November 2014, using a professional survey service provider. A total of 200 surveys were collected, of which 198 were used for analysis. Conceptual model Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Amos 18.0 were employed for data analysis and model verification. In addition, following the confirmatory factor analysis and measurement model analysis, the theoretical model that corresponds to the research model was analyzed. Results - Analysis results show that price perception, perceived performance risk, and trust in online shopping have a statistically significant and positive (+) impact on showrooming attitudes. In addition, in terms of the indirect influence of price perception and perceived performance risk on showrooming attitudes through means of contact motivation, price perception had a statistically significant and positive impact on means of contact motivation, whereas perceived performance risk did not have a statistically significant impact on it, with the relevant hypothesis rejected. Conclusions - These analysis results imply that the ultimate goal of consumers is to maximize their shopping benefits by selectively and strategically taking advantage of different channels in a complementary manner. This study presents many implications for distributors to encourage a deep understanding of showrooming consumers who have complicated consumption behaviors and to build channel integration strategies. This study has limitations in theoretical and practical implications. Therefore, subsequent studies need to focus on verifying that showrooming activities are based on reasonable and planned decisions by applying the theory of reasoned or planned behavior. In addition, the scope of the study should expand to include web showrooming, where consumers conduct product research online and purchase offline.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2017

This study aims to examine whether the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone is influenced by demographic background, economic activity, productive leisure participation and the moderating effect of social support. Data in this study was from 5th Korean Retirement Income Study, and 890 elderly living alone were extracted and analyzed, and a multi-level analysis was used to analyze the data because the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone has a random effect according to the region. The results of this study were as follows; First, the elderly living alone showed high life satisfaction when they live in province rather than Seoul or metropolitan city, spend higher living expenses, do economic activities, and they are economically independent. Second, those who participated in productive leisure activity were more satisfied with life than those who did not, and those who have social support are more satisfied with their life. Third, the relationship between productive leisure participation and life satisfaction was moderated by social support. When the elderly living alone participate in productive leisure activities, they feel more life satisfaction according to social support given to them.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.425-438
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze local cultural festivals hosted contact-free in the corona era and to suggest the direction for sustainable festivals in the post-corona era. To this end, by analyzing the cases of well-known festivals held contact-free in 2020 and 2021, we tried to get implications for the festivals in the post-corona era from there. As a result of this study, contact-free festivals had the following characteristics. First, the on-tact method, which produces and transmits a video or allows interaction through real-time participation, was prominent. Second, in order to compensate for the shortcomings of the contact-free method, various efforts have been made to enable on-tact experience by making and delivering experience kits in the case of experiential elements of the festival in advance. Third, communication was secured through real-time comments, and fourth, products were sold through the Internet and live commerce channels, and a certain effect was obtained. In particular, in the case of online festivals, there is a problem of loss of the sense of place of the festival, but there are cases of online festivals with more participation than offline festivals. It is judged that the problem of how to achieve this will become a reference material for the future development of contact-free festival contents.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.161-173
• /
• 2020

In-depth interview in the field of hospitality industry services was conducted in COVID- 19. Introduction of kiosks for non-face-to-face services using untact technology, reservation, pay systems, self-service, service improvement using room service should be carried out. It is also necessary to implement Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, P-blogs, online broadcasting and live commerce through the establishment of m-channel system through untact marketing sales channels in the hospitality industry now that the product composition to solve the pro -blem of untact marketing is drawing attention due to diversification of online sales channe -ls. Now, the recognition of important elements of service education and a establishment of differentiated system of untact marketing, expansion of untact sale channel, implementation of non-face-to-face counseling service and introduction of pre-booking, telecommuting were recognized as urgent parts. In particular, a service differentiation and importance of human services, which were recognized free of charge, have re-recognized as premium, and quality service aspect of the hospitality industry in untact and the direction to diversify marketing channels are presented.