• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.215-225
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show current states of domestic Precision Guided Missile(PGM) by analyzing Live-fire test results using general methods to get the Confidence Levels. Methods: Live-fire test results were used to get Confidence Levels of PGM. The Confidence Levels were derived by two general methods. The first method was Binomial distribution and second was convergence of Hypergeometric distribution and Bayes' rule. Results: The results of this study are as follows; The more Live-fire tests of PGM are performed, the higher Confidence Level of PGM will be estimated. And the number of Live-fire tests are related to a unit price of PGM. This results means that the increase of live-fire test, which is useful data for preparation and evaluation of Development Tests / Operation Tests for PGMs, is only way to enhance the Confidence Levels of each PGMs. Conclusion: This study shows the relationship between the Live-fire tests and Confidence Levels of PGMs and it will be used on Live-fire Test & Evaluation of PGMs for reference.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.7-10
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• 2008

Heat release characteristics of live fire load are an important parameter for performance oriented fire safety design of a building. While investigations have been carried out on the fire load and its burning behavior in office, residential and commercial buildings and so on, little effort has been paid for the rational treatment of fire load in post office buildings in Japan. In this report, burning behavior of typical combustible objects in post office buildings are studied by measuring heat release rates of plastic palettes with and without postal envelopes or packages and special containers loading numbers of palettes. The test results suggest that dynamic heat release rate is highly dependent on the condition of palettes especially if they load appropriate amount of postal envelopes or not.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2015

The live fire test has been playing a critical role in evaluating the goals-to-meet of the weapon systems which utilize the power of explosives. As such, the successful development of the test systems therein is quite important. The test systems development covers that of ranges and facilities including system-level key components such as mission control, instrumentation or observation, safety control, electric power, launch pad, and so on. In addition, proper operational guidelines are needed with well-trained test and operation personnel. The emerging weapon systems to be deployed in future battle field would thus have to be more precise and dynamic, smarter, thereby requiring more elaboration. Furthermore, the safety consideration is becoming more serious due to the ever-increasing power of explosives. In such a situation, development of live fire test systems seems to be challenging. The objective of the paper is on how to incorporate the safety and other requirements in the development. To achieve the goal, an architectural approach is adopted by utilizing both the system components relationship and safety requirement when advanced instrumentation technology needs to be developed and deteriorated components of the range are replaced. As an evaluation method, it is studied how the level of maturity of the test systems development can be assessed particularly with the safety requirement considered. Based on the concepts of both systems engineering and SoS (System-of-Systems) engineering process, an enhanced model for the system readiness level is proposed by incorporating safety. The maturity model proposed would be helpful in assessing the maturity of safety-critical systems development whereas the costing model would provide a guide on how the reasonable test resource allocation plan can be made, which is based on the live fire test scenario of future complex weapon systems such as SoS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

This study aims to introduce missile live-fire during the ship operational test and evaluation(T&E) as a means of verifying the integrated combat capability(ICC) of various systems installed on naval ships. The research method identified domestic and foreign T&E systems and cases, and reports related to ICC, which were written during the ship's design stage. As a result of research, Republic of Korea is not conducting the missile live-fire at the ship T&E stage due to the lack of relevant systems, while the U.S. is conducting it based on the mission-based T&E and the end-to-end test system. As a way to improve within the current domestic ship acquisition systems, the reaction time analysis, a quantitative analysis result of ICC calculated at the ship basic design stage, was proposed to be verified by missile live-fire during ship operational T&E.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

Successful development of weapon systems requires a stringent verification and validation (V&V) process due to the nature of the weapons in which continual increase of operational capability makes the system requirements more complicated to meet. Thus, test and evaluation (T&E) of weapon systems is becoming more difficult. In such a situation, live fire tests appear to be effective and useful methods in not only carrying out V&V of the weapon systems under development, but also increasing the maturity of the end users operability of the system. However, during the process for live fire tests, a variety of accidents or mishaps can happen due to explosion, pyro, separation, and so on. As such, appropriate means to mitigate mishap possibilities should be provided and applied during the live fire tests. To study a way of how to accomplish it is the objective of this paper. To do so, top-level sources of hazard are first identified. A framework for T&E is also described. Then, to enhance the test range safety, it is discussed how test scenarios can be generated. The proposed method is based on the use of the anticipatory failure determination (AFD) and multiple event tree analysis (ETA) in analyzing range safety. It is intended to identify unexpected hazard components even in the environment with constraints. It is therefore expected to reduce accident possibilities as an alternative to the traditional root-cause analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.488-494
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• 2019

Precision Guided Missiles after production and militarization have various characteristics that enable the final performance to be identified by conducting live-fire tests after long-term storage. Likewise, the performance and reliability of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Missiles, which are currently used by the Korean Navy, are also verified consistently by conducting live-fire tests after militarization. Specially, the live fire test at '00 year, which was conducted by Korean Navy, showed the result that 'Ring', which is a component of the canister's front cover, was jammed with wings for propulsion and then broke away from the canister during the missile launch process. This situation led to an interruption of the deployment of wings and finally affected the missile's flight performance. The results of a survey of the canisters of those missiles whose live fire tests were conducted successfully, based on the live fire test at '00 year, showed the 'Ring's separation from canisters. This raises recognition for the need to solve the problems of 'Ring's separation and breakaway. This study suggests an improvement derived by the result of live-fire tests and introduces the effect of final launch performance of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Missiles and test result after applying the improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, "Testing at the speed of stakeholder's need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition."

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.193-197
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• 2016

The performance of Precision Guided Missiles is estimated by using hit probability only, which is calculated by hits against total amounts of fires in current domestic live-fire tests. It has a limitation in judging the performance of all produced Precision Guided Missiles by using the calculated hit probability according to the result of live-fire test, because the overall characteristics of the produced Precision Guided Missiles are not considered. In other words, a method is needed to estimate the confidence level which is more reliable than simply calculated hit probability according to the result of live-fire test for guaranteeing the hit probability of Precision Guided Missiles by certain level, which is already being operated or produced. This paper introduces a method to estimate the confidence level of Precision Guided Missiles by minimum live-fire tests using Hypergeometric distribution and Bayes' rule suitable for the characteristics of Precision Guided Missiles, which are small production, high costs and unable to check whether the missile hits the target or not before the live-fire tests. Also, this paper suggests a reasonable confidence level for showing the performance of the Precision Guided Missiles using the results of live-fire tests and domestic and foreign literature, when the result of live-fire tests will be decided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2012

We propose the live fire test process model based on systems engineering which consists of 4 phases i.e., review, setup, conduct and result. We also suggest the 4 phases acquisition model consisting of planning, execution, evaluation and disposal for test infrastructure. CMMI, TMMi and PMBOK are referred and hierarchial analysis method are adopted in developing the models. Thus, the detailed sub-processes are designed after defining higher level processes first. The higher level processes are defined by extracting common areas of all the test types. The low level processes for each specific test are designed by tailoring the higher level processes. By applying the proposed test process models into collaboration tool and information system, effective and systematic test processes for weapon systems are established.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.453-459
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• 2005

On this research, we show some concrete examples as software design, 2D/3D display, graph display, and gage display to develop a data monitoring system for real time safe fire testing. Developed software which is simulation software for live fire testing, has been designed to display informations about whole test status in a live fire testing, and with this, user can control a live fire testing under the safe environment. Beside, we increase a security by using a authority of user to access on this software. and we develop it based on module designed to apply a requirement of user later on.