• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2021

Since the past few years, dimple rot has become one of the most serious diseases affecting Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis 'Zesy002' kiwifruit in Korea, leading to a low quality and subsequent losses of income. In the current study, the causal pathogen of side rot on 'Zesy002' kiwifruit was identified to be Botryosphaeria dothidea, a widespread pathogen that could penetrate the fruit directly without wounding. Diaporthe sp., another pathogen causing dimple rot, was isolated from infected kiwifruit. It was not able to infect fruits without wounding. Dimple-rot symptoms are known to be associated with other pathogens from the Pseudocercospora genus. In this study, B. dothidea was ratified as the causal disease agent in Jeju Island. To illustrate the pathogenicity of this fungus on 'Zesy002', further studies such as observation of infection structures of fungus may be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.337-350
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• 2020

The clinical manifestation of pericardial disease is similar to that of coronary artery disease and aortic disease. Therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis is necessary. The pericardium is a 2-layered membrane that envelops the heart and great vessels, and there are numerous anatomic variations and pathologic conditions. Large or unusually located pericardial recesses can be easily mistaken for abnormal findings. Additionally, primary pericardial diseases resulting from infections, tumors, and injuries are possible; further, diseases can quickly spread along the pericardium. Echocardiography is generally the first imaging tool used to evaluate the pericardium. However, it has limited windows and poor resolution. Besides, the evaluation of postoperative echocardiography is sometimes limited. Currently, CT and MR imaging are useful for evaluating pericardial diseases. Detailed knowledge of the pericardium is important for interpreting the images and clinical results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Not all patients with COPD respond to available drugs. Identifying respondents to therapy is critical to delivering the most appropriate treatment and avoiding unnecessary medication. Recognition of individual patients' dominant characteristics by phenotype is a useful tool to better understand their disease and tailor treatment accordingly. To look for a suitable phenotype, it is important to understand what makes COPD complex and heterogeneous. The pathology of COPD includes small airway disease and/or emphysema. Thus, COPD is not a single disease entity. In addition, there are two types (panlobular and centrilobular) of emphysema in COPD. The coexistence of different pathological subtypes could be the reason for the complexity and heterogeneity of COPD. Thus, it is necessary to look for the phenotype based on the difference in the underlying pathology. Review of the literature has shown that clinical manifestation and therapeutic response to pharmacological therapy are different depending on the presence of computed tomography-defined airway wall thickening in COPD patients. Defining the phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology is encouraging as most clinical manifestations can be distinguished by the presence of increased airway wall thickness. Pharmacological therapy has shown significant effect on COPD with airway wall thickening. However, it has limited use in COPD without an airway disease. The phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology can be a useful tool to better understand the disease and adjust treatment accordingly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.452-456
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• 2008

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. Initially described in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, it is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed nations. Although KD has been reported across all racial and ethnic groups, the incidence of KD is more common among Asians, which suggests differences of race-specific susceptibility. The prevalence of the disease varies considerably among different Asian countries, and there is a higher rate of KD reported in Asian countries such as Japan and Korea than in other countries. In Korea, a nationwide epidemiological study has been conducted every three years since the 1990s by the Korean Pediatric Heart Association to determine the epidemiologic patterns and incidence rate of KD in Korea. It was thus found in a recent survey (2003-2005) that the average annual incidence of 105.0/100,000 Korean children under the age of five years was the second-highest reported rate in the world, after Japan.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to review the knowledge related to historic background, causes, symptoms, etiology and rehabilitation methods related to this disease and suggest some ways to reduce complications from it. The importance of underwater pressure disease was not emphasized, therefore, there is a need for continuous research on treatment methods and prevention for it. As one goes into the deeper water, they will be affected by the hydraulic pressure rather then the atmospheric pressure, and it will be increased 1mmHg by 10meters. Underwater pressure disease can be occurred when one comes out of deeper water too quicked. This results the imbalance of the composition rate of nitrogen in blood. However, there is not enough facilities to treat this disease and these facilities are located in limited areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to set up a medial center that is specialized in prevention and treatment of underwater pressure disease.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2022

Endoscopy is vital for diagnosis, assessing treatment response, monitoring and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With the growing importance of mucosal healing as a treatment target, the assessment of disease activity by endoscopy has been accepted as the standard of care for IBD. There are many endoscopic activity indices for facilitating standardized reporting of the gastrointestinal mucosal appearance in IBD, and each index has its strengths and weaknesses. Although most endoscopic indices do not have a clear-cut validated definition, endoscopic remission or mucosal healing is associated with favorable outcomes, such as a decreased risk of relapse. Therefore, experts suggest utilizing endoscopic indices for monitoring disease activity and optimizing treatment to achieve remission. However, the regular monitoring of endoscopic activity is limited in practice owing to several factors, such as the complexity of the procedure, time consumption, inter-observer variability, and lack of a clear-cut, validated definition of endoscopic response or remission. Although experts have recently suggested consensus-based definitions, further studies are needed to define the values that can predict long-term outcomes.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2014

Objective : To find a treatment strategy, this study aimed to review and compare the clinical studies of Korea, China, and Japan on traditional medicine treatment for Behcet's disease. Method : Literature searches were performed on six databases in each country and English databases, such as OASIS, KoreanTK, CNKI, J-STAGE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL. In addition, using the limited keywords, the area was restricted to traditional medicine treatment, but the period was not limited. Studies were categorized according to the study design and we analyzed the difference of treatment among three countries. Results : One hundred and forty-one clinical studies met our inclusion criteria: 11 studies in Korea, 15 in Japan, 115 in China. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) have increased in China, however, no RCT was reported in Korea and Japan. The method of treatment was mainly traditional herbal medicine in all the three countries, but there were significant differences in the field of syndrome identification and prescription among countries. The studies in China made use of most various treatment modalities and reported the highest effectiveness. Conclusion : Traditional medicine treatment showed a considerable effect for improving various symptoms of Behcet's disease. However, more research for answering the safety and well-designed studies considering characteristics of Behcet's disease should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional medicine treatment objectively in the future.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The current social demand for organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Biocontrol agents are applied to crops to ensure biological control of plant pathogens. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. This pathogenic fungus has an extensive host range, and symptoms of this disease include rotting of roots, yellowing and falling of leaves, wilting, and finally tree death. The severity of the disease caused by R. necatrix, makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species, such as pears, and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming, with devastating effects on plant health and yield. In addition to agronomic and cultural practices, growers use chemical treatments to control the disease. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. This review will briefly summarize the current status of biocontrol agents, ecofriendly methods, and possible approaches to control disease in pear orchards.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.735-740
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• 2010

Renal fibrosis, characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, is the final manifestation of chronic kidney disease. Renal fibrosis is characterized by an excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix components. This pathologic result usually originates from both underlying complicated cellular activities such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation, monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and cellular apoptosis and the activation of signaling molecules such as transforming growth factor beta and angiotensin II. However, because the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is extremely complicated and our knowledge regarding this condition is still limited, further studies are needed.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2016

Extensive disease surveys performed during the summers of 2013 and 2014 in Schisandra chinensis orchards resulted in the finding of a Septobasidium sp. associated with felt disease. The fungus was characterized to be symbiotic with a scale insect (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli). Morphological and molecular characteristics of the Septobasidium isolates were investigated. The isolates were morphologically and phylogenetically close to S. bogoriense. We tentatively describe this isolate as a Septobasidium sp., mainly because of the limited amount of information available on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of Septobasidium spp.