• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 2013

This paper presents the characteristics of lightning over established and scheduled wind farms of Jeju island as well as over specific range of entire Jeju Island. The lightning data for 5 years from 2008 to 2012 was obtained from IMPACT ESP which detects lightning. Lightning frequency, lightning strength and regional lightning events were analyzed in detail, and then the lightning maps of Jeju Island were created. The evaluation of lightning rate was made for all the wind farms of this study. Damage to wind turbines by lightning was found in the existing wind farms. As a result, the eastern part of Jeju Island had more lightning frequency than the western part of the Island. Also, the evaluation of lightning rate was good for all established and scheduled wind farms of Jeju Island. Hankyung is the best place for lightning safety, while precaution should be taken against lightning damage in Kimnyung. Lightning damage to wind turbines occurred in Samdal and Haengwon wind farms, which had the first and the second highest lightning rate of the five existing wind farms.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the characteristics of lightning pver Jeju island and a case of emergency stop of a wind turbine due to lightning. Using the IMPACT ESP sensor to detect lightning, the data on lightning frequency, lightning strength, regional lightning event were obtained and analyzed in detail. The measurement period was for 3 years from 2004 to 2006. As a result, lightning occulted the most frequently in July and August. As for lightning strength, lightning with grades -4 to -6 and +3 to +5 occur ed more frequently. The eastern part of Jeju island had much more lightning frequency compared with the western part of it. Lightning with high grade occurred mainly in offshore site and the coastal region. Furthermore, the data on wind turbine stop caused by lightning was analyzed. Although wind turbine lightning damage was not much in this study, the investigation on lightning damage or lightning faults to a wind turbine should be conducted in Korea to increase availability of wind turbine.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2014

An investigation on lightning characteristics and damage to wind turbines was performed on Jeju and Gangwon regions. The lightning data from January 2010 to September 2013 detected by IMPACT ESP were collected and analyzed in detail. Hangyeong and Seongsan wind farms of Jeju province and Taebaek, Changjuk, Taegisan and Gangwon wind farms of Gangwon province were selected for this study. Lightning rates and lightning damage events at the six wind farms were compared with each other. Lightning maps for the two regions were drawn using lightning frequency data. As a result, lightning frequency of Gangwon region was higher than that of Jeju region, while lightning strength of Gangwon was weaker than that of Jeju. Lightning rates were assessed to be good for all of the six wind farms. No lightning damage to wind turbines occurred at the two wind farms of Jeju, while some lightning damage to wind turbines took place at the four wind farms of Gangwon.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2016

This paper describes the design and fabrication of high frequency ground impedance measuring system for assessment of grounding system for Lightning protection. The ground impedance measuring system has been designed and fabricated which makes it possible to assess the ground impedance by frequency ranges from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The effective grounding systems having a very low impedance to electromagnetic disturbance such as lightning surges and noises in microelectronics and high-technology branches are strongly required. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristic of grounding system impedances in lightning and surge protection grounding systems, it is highly desirable to assess the ground impedances as a measure of performance of grounding system in which lightning and switching surge currents with fast rise time and high frequency flow. The measuring system is based on the variable frequency power supply and consists of signal circuit part, main control part, data acquisition and processing unit, and voltage and current probe system. The ground impedance measuring system can be used to assess grounding system during occurrence of lightning.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
• /
• pp.194-195
• /
• 2006

This study evaluated the impedance characteristics of earth termination system and developed a variable frequency-typed inverter (measuring tool) for the utilization in ground design for lightning protection. The variable-frequency-typed inverter were composed of rectification part, voltage adjuster, IGBT controller and measuring part. Meanwhile, the square wave signal of variable frequency converted its frequency up to lightning surge band by using an IGBT after rectifying an alternating current (AC). It conducted performance evaluation of ground impedance of actual earth termination system by using the developed measuring tool for ground impedance and confirmed that such impedance-oriented performance evaluation was effective in the design of lightning protection.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1348-1349
• /
• 2008

Grounding impedance depends on the frequency of current flowing into a grounding system. Especially, the lightning gives a broad frequency spectrum from low frequency up to 1 MHz. So the grounding impedance related to high frequency current like lightning should be measured with high frequency source. In this paper, we described the grounding impedances of deeply-driven ground rods of 10 $\sim$ 48 m long with respect to the frequency of injected currents. For the experiments, we used the wideband power amplifier which can produce sinusoidal voltages with the frequency ranges of DC $\sim$ 250 MHz. As a result, the longer the ground rod is, the lower the ground resistance is. However the grounding impedance of deeply-driven ground rod in the range of higher frequency is significantly increased. As a consequence, it is important to evaluate the high frequency performance of grounding systems for lightning protection.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.70-73
• /
• 2008

Grounding impedance depends on the frequency of current flowing into a grounding system. Especially, the lightning gives a broad frequency spectrum from low frequency up to 1 MHz. So the grounding impedance related to high frequency current like lightning should be measured with high frequency source. In this paper, we described the grounding impedances of deeply-driven ground rods of 10 ${\sim}$ 48 m long with respect to the frequency of injected currents and the feed point. For the experiments, we used the wideband power amplifier which can produce sinusoidal voltages with the frequency ranges of DC ${\sim}$ 250 MHz. As a result, the longer the ground rod is, the lower the ground resistance is. However the grounding impedance of deeply-driven ground rod in the range of higher frequency is significantly increased. As a consequence, it is important to evaluate the high frequency performance of grounding systems for lightning protection.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2009

Grounding impedance depends on the frequency of current flowing into a grounding system lightning in particular has a broad frequency spectrum from some tens of Hz to a few MHz. So the grounding impedance related to transient currents such as lightning should be measured. In this paper, the grounding impedances of vertically-driven ground rods of 10, 30 and 48[m] long are measured and analyzed as functions of the frequency of injected current and the feeding point. As a result, the longer the ground rod is, the lower the steady-state ground resistance is. However the grounding impedance of a vertically-driven ground rod at a high frequency is significantly increased. It is not always true that low grounding impedance follows from a low steady-state ground resistance. It is important to evaluate the high frequency performance of grounding systems for protection against lightning.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.210-222
• /
• 2009

최근(2002-2006) 발생한 낙뢰의 빈도, 강도, 지속시간 및 낙뢰율의 시 공간적 특성을 분석하였다. 빈도는 경년변동이 크게 나타났으며, 여름과 겨울에 각각 전체 낙뢰의 75%, 0.6%가 발생하였다. 정극성 낙뢰는 우기(6-9월)에 부극성 낙뢰의 0.15 비율로 발생했으나 동계에는 그 비율이 증가하여 2월경에 부극성 낙뢰의 0.98까지 증가하였다. 낙뢰 지속시간은 여름에 집중되는 계절변동이 크게 나타났으나 낙뢰율의 변동은 이에 비해 작았다. 낙뢰는 새벽(2시, 5-7시)과 오후 중반(15시)에 두 번의 최대 빈도가 나타났으며 5시경에는 낙뢰강도가 강하였으나, 15시를 전후로 하는 오후 중반에는 낙뢰 강도가 약했다. 낙뢰밀도는 남한 서부 내륙 및 서 남해상에 높으며, 영동 및 동해지역은 낮았다. 충남 및 전북지역에서 0.4 이상으로 높게 나타났는데, 구름내 방전일 가능성이 있어 해석의 주의를 요한다. 낙뢰 밀도가 높은 서부내륙에서는 우기 낙뢰 지속시간이 연 평균 15-25시간으로 나타났으나, 서해상에서는 낙뢰 발생 시의 집중도가 높고 강도가 강하였다. 대부분의 내륙에서는 오후 중반에서 저녁 사이에 낙뢰 발생 빈도가 최대였으나 산악 및 해안, 중서부 지역은 각각 오전과 새벽에 최대로 발생하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.800-802
• /
• 1997

After flashover occurs on the overhead distribution line by lighting strokes(direct or induced), the power frequency arc current continues. If lightning flashover occurs on the overhead lines using covered conductors, the power frequency art current with fixed path overheats the conductor, and arc fusion fault can be occurred. There are two categories protecting or reducing methods of arc fusion faults caused by lightning stokes. - Reducing lightning flashover rate : G/W, LA, etc. - Protection by AFPD(Arc Fusion Protection Device) : power follow current interruption. This paper presents lightning surge phenomena on overhead distribution lines and protecting performance of arc fusion Protection devices to the lightning strokes nearby overhead line.