• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of interior design elements on the satisfaction and preference for space. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in three coffeeshops where various interior design elements were applied. Results indicate that movable tables and chairs for two people were preferred in the space. They need to be placed flexibly according to the visitors' needs to improve satisfaction for convenience. To improve spatial satisfaction, the brightness of color applied to wall surfaces was recommended to be lower than that of color used for floor surfaces. The surfaces of space and interior design elements such as furniture also need to be kept clean. Lamps with lower color temperature were effective to enhance spatial satisfaction. Light sources should be shielded when a pendant lighting system with general diffuse type was used in space. Natural daylight through window was also required for better satisfaction level. Multiple linear regression implied that the cozy feeling by electric light, existence of daylight, flexible layouts for tables and chairs, color and quality of material for tables and floor were significant contributors to overall spatial satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2008

The one of the most important thing for the successful realization of display functions in modern exhibition activities is based on exhibition space and the information communication between designers and visitors. Therefore, the information transmission has become an important function of modern exhibition activities. How to transmit information effectively is the key factor of successful exhibition design. However, 'people flow' and 'transportation' are taken as the main issues for a lot of the design works in space design of exhibition. But the information transmission is seldom taken into account as an important factor. The ultimate objective of exhibition design is to transmit the exhibits' information effectively to visitors, so the effective transmission of exhibiting information becomes the most important criteria in exhibition design. The successful exhibition can be well designed through information transmission by means of material objects, a lighting, properties, sounds, color, performance, etc The successful effects of the exhibition also depends on a great extent of the display design and a modeling in exhibition space. Modern exhibition design is getting more importance on the research on forms including basic features and exhibition space relations of forms. This research discusses on the design method that is favorable to information transmission In order to deal with the factor of display and modeling in exhibition space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

Sir John Sonae(1753-1837) was the most original English architect of 19c. his extremely personal style is superficially neo-classical but, romantic or ' picturesque' in its complicated and unexpected spatial interplay. The Soane's style was one of the curiosities of European architecture. Sir John Soane, like mackintosh, was best known for his interior spaces. He used his own house as a laboratory of spatial experimentation to develop his spatial ideas. The objective of this study was to examine his architectural style through his various architectural works and analyze . The Soane's Museum (his house, No.12.13.14 Lincoln's Inn Fields. London, UK) in order to find inter design elements which represent the best of Soane's interior design effects. As a result , this study found that Soane held no theories as to proportion . It gives the conditon of the building's freedom. He shows the ' primitivism facade and the simple neoclassical symmetry exterior arrangement. As interior design elements he used the layered structure, the natural skylight, the pendentive dome, the space in space, the pictures que style. These elements create magical interior space of the Sonane's Museum. THe spatial intrigue is further enhanced by various degrees of lighting that additionally emphasize the three-dimensional quality of the object loaded walls and piers. One can always look through to space beyond many individual object, both horizontally and vertically. These interior elements can be used for the modern interior design development in order to create the expansion of space and the territoriality of space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

As sensibility ergonomics are broadly spread, recently in interior design area, interests on roles of sensibility, sensibility effects for users, and etc has been increased. As a study on sensibility design for interior design area, the study applied sensibility ergonomics technique to bathroom interior design. Sensibility ergonomics technique is integrated into each phase of bathroom design process in order to produce 4 design alternatives. Sensibility evaluation on design alternatives was performed for subject of designers, and analyzed the results to show the relationship between sensibility of designers and design factors and to identify characteristics of designer's sensibility structure. The results of the study are as follows. First, it's found that in the bathroom interior design of sustainable concept, uses of bright colors with white tone and floor tile creates positive sensibility responses such as delight, healthiness, spaciousness, and cheerfulness. Second, designers' sensibility structure about sustainable bathroom is composed of three axles, healthiness, eco-friendliness, and refinement. Third, designers think colors of interior and finished materials is most important, and window, artificial lighting, layout, and space size related to those is important too. The process and approach in the study might contribute to building a fundamental of sensibility design research in interior design area.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

Upon reviewing the tendency of the large-scale hospital buildings constructed so far, we may well know that the architectural space of the hospital buildings has been designed for users' conveniences in terms of functional elements fulfilled, efficiency, uniform colors and lighting, which means that patients may well feel difficult to find their ways in the hospital. The result may be that the patients who are weak mentally and physically feel uneasy or tensed when they wander in the hospital, which may lead to their increased physical fatigue, higher blood pressure or other harmful effects. Thus, patients' way-finding emerges as a new design challenge for the hospital building. The purpose of this study was to define the environmental variables and factors affecting patients' way-finding in the hospital and thereby, determine the correlations between the variables/factors and way-finding to provide for some framework of analysis useful to solutions of patients' way-finding problems, while identifying the causes for difficulty of their way-finding due to differences of perception between hospital building designer and user groups.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-299
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• 2014

Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other's thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

In the process of visualizing a point set representing a smooth manifold surface, global illumination techniques can be used to render a realistic scene with various effects of lighting. Thanks to the continuous demand for ray tracing and the development of graphics hardware, dedicated GPUs and programmable pipeline for ray tracing have been introduced in recent years. In this paper, real-time global illumination rendering is studied for a point-set model using ray-tracing GPUs. We apply the moving least-squares (MLS) method to approximate the point set to a smooth implicit surface and render it using global illumination by performing massive ray-intersection tests with the surface and generating shading effects at the intersection point. As a result, a complicated point-set scene consisting of more than 0.5M points can be generated in real-time.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Objective: This study was conducted to test the effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve healthy adults aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.5 years) were tested under six different conditions. All participants used touchscreen smartphones. Testing conditions included: 1) Walking with an obstruction under a bright illumination level; 2) walking with an obstruction with a low level of illumination; 3) walking with an obstruction while texting under a bright illumination level; 4) walking with an obstruction while texting with a low level of illumination; 5) walking with an obstruction while gaming under a bright illumination level; and 6) walking with an obstruction while gaming with a low level of illumination. All participants were asked to text the Korean national anthem by their own phone and play Temple Run 2 using an iPhone 5. Gait variances were measured over a distance of 3 m, and the mean value after three trials was used. A gait analyzer was used to measure the data. Results: Compared to normal gait with obstruction, gait speed, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, cadence while texting and gaming showed significant differences (p<0.05). Differences between the illumination levels included gait speed, step length, stride length, and step time (p<0.05) with no significant differences in stride time and cadence. Conclusions: Dual-tasking using a smartphone under low levels of illumination lowers the quality of gait with obstructions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 1999

The effects of wounding and jasmonic acid(JA) on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings were investigated. PPO was strongly induced by wounding or JA, and the response was also shown to be systemically induced by wounding. Mechanical wounding in cotyledon or leaf produced a signal that caused the concentration of PPO to increase in the unwounded cotyledon, in the first leaves but not in the second leaves. Severity of wounding and light intensity also affected wound induced change in PPO activity, JA showed a stimulatory effect on the loss of chlorophyll and the rapid increase in PPO activity. The PPO was clearly more active in the wounded leaves than in controls. The potency and specificity of the JA indicate a close relationship between JA and wound-induced changes in PPO in tomato species. JA and abscisic acid(ABA) acted similarly on both unwounded and wounded leaves, but the amount of PPO in the wounded leaves was always more than the respective controls. The highest increase in PPO activity occurred in woundand JA-induced leaves of seedlings kept under bright lighting. Benzyladenine(BA) completely abolished JA- and ABA-induced PPO activity. The results suggest that JA-induced PPO activity is due to de novo PPO synthesis. Histochemical tests for PPO in stems of wound- and JA -treated tomato plants indicate that PPO was localized primarily, in the. outer .cortex . and xylem parenchyma. It is concluded that exogenously applied JA acts as stress agents and PPO may be a component of the inducible anti-hervivore defense response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.721-731
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of VMD consciousness on importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors of university students. The research method was survey and subjects were 545 male and female university students in Chungnam province. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measuring instruments; VMD consciousness, importance of VMD components, clothing purchasing behaviors, and demographic attribution. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, university students had high VMD consciousness and attended to fashion trend, brand image, product information, and enjoyment of shopping, and felt appetite to purchase. Second, university students considered store arrangement and show window display as the important VMD components to purchase clothing. Third, university students were categorized into 3 consumer types(shopping/brand pursuit type, utilitarian information pursuit type, and trend/information pursuit type) by VMD consciousness. Forth, the consumer types by VMD consciousness showed many differences in importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors. Shopping/brand type considered show window display, cleanness and lighting/music/properties/color as more important VMD components, and used more money to purchase clothing and shopped more often than other consumer types.