• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2017

In this study, $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode material and LiPON solid electrolyte were manufactured into thin films, and the possibility of their use in thin-film batteries was researched. When the RTP treatment was performed after $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin-film deposition on the SUS substrate by a sputtering method, a ${\beta}-Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin film was successfully manufactured. The LiPON solid electrolyte was prepared by a reactive sputtering method using a $Li_3PO_4$ target and $N_2$ gas, and a homogeneous and flat thin film was deposited on a $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin film. In order to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin films, coin cells using only a liquid electrolyte were prepared and the charge/discharge test was conducted. As a result, the amorphous thin film of RTP treated at $600^{\circ}C$ showed the highest initial discharge capacity of about $60{\mu}Ah/cm^2$. In cases of coin cells using liquid/solid double electrolyte, the discharge capacities of the $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin films were comparable to those without solid LiPON electrolyte. It was revealed that $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode thin films with LiPON solid electrolyte were applicable in thin film batteries.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.650-654
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• 2006

[ $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ ] cathode material was synthesized by a mixed hydroxide method. Structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction studies. Electrochemical studies were performed by assembling 2032 coin cells with lithium metal as an anode. DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) data showed that exothermic reactions of $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ charged to 4.3 V versus Li started at high temperatures$(280\sim390^{\circ}C)$. The cell of $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.3}O_2$ mixed cathode delivered a discharge capacity of 150 mAh/g at a 0.2 C rate. The capacity of the cell decreased with the current rate and a useful capacity of 134 mAh/g was obtained at a 2 C rate. The reversible capacity after 100th cycles was 126 mAh/g when a cell was cycled at a current rate of 0.5 C in $2.8\sim4.3V$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2005

Spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ has become appealing because manganese is inexpensive and environmentally benign. In general, cathodes for lithium ion batteries include carbon as a conductive agent that provides electron transfer between the active material and the current collector. In this work, we selected Acetylene Black and Super P Black as conductive agents, and then carried out their comparative investigation for the performances of the $Li/LiMn_2O_4$ cells using different conductive agents with different particle size. In addition, their electrochemical impedance characteristic of $Li/Mn_2O_4$ cells using different conductive agents is effectively identified through a.c. impedance technique. As a consequence, $Li/LiMn_2O_4$ cells with Super P Black show better electrochemical performances ascribed to the significant contribution of feasible ionic conduction due to larger particle size than those with Acetylene Black.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2012

스피넬 구조로 이루어진 $LiMn_2O_4$에서 Mn의 일부분을 Ni로 치환한 $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$은 4.7 V 전압 영역에서 높은 방전 용량 및 우수한 충 방전 사이클 특성을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 착체중합법을 이용하여 $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$를 합성하였다. Citric acid : metal의 몰비(5 : 1, 10 : 1, 15 : 1, 30 : 1) 및 하소 온도($500{\sim}900^{\circ}C$) 변화에 따라 합성된 $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$ 분말의 특성을 조사하였다. 합성된 분말의 XRD 분석을 통해 저온($500^{\circ}C$) 및 고온($900^{\circ}C$) 영역에서 모두 단일상인 $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$ 결정상을 관찰할 수 있었고, 하소 온도가 증가함에 따라 결정화 및 결정자 크기도 함께 증가하였다. 합성된 $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$ 분말의 형상 및 비표면적 분석 결과, 저온영역에서는 CA 몰비가 증가할수록 입자사이즈는 감소하고 비표면적은 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 고온영역에서는 온도 증가에 따른 입자 성장에너지가 CA 몰비 증가에 따른 입자 사이즈 감소 및 비표면적 증가 효과를 감소시키는 것을 관찰하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 낮은 사이클 안정성을 갖는 MCMB의 단점을 향상시키기 위하여 높은 사이클 안정성과 부피팽창이 없는 장점을 갖는 물질인 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 코팅하여 core-shell 구조의 $MCMB/Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성하고 $MCMB/Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 음극으로, $LiMn_2O_4$, Active carbon fiber를 양극으로 사용하여 단위 셀을 제조하였다. $LiPF_6$ 염과 EC/DMC/EMC 용매를 전해질로 사용하여 제조한 하이브리드 커패시터 단위 셀로 충방전, 사이클, 순환전압전류, 임피던스 테스트를 진행하여 전기화학적 특성을 평가한 결과, MCMB-$Li_4Ti_5O_{12}/LiMn_2O_4$ 전극을 사용한 하이브리드 커패시터가 MCMB 전극의 하이브리드 커패시터 보다 좋은 충/방전 성능을 보였고, 67 Wh/kg, 781 W/kg의 에너지밀도와 출력밀도를 나타내었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2013

$Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn) 나노 복합체는 높은 이론 용량을 가지고 있어 전기 자동차용 2차 전지 활물질 재료로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 $Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn)로부터 250 mAh/g 이상의 용량을 구현하기 위해서는 4.4 V 이상의 구동전압이 필요하며, 이러한 높은 구동 전압은 전지의 수명 및 고온 방치 특성의 저해 요소로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서 FEC (Fluoroethylene carbonate), 플루오로알킬 에테르, $LiPF_6$가 주성분인 신규 전해액(F-based EL)을 설계하였다. F-based EL은 1.3 M $LiPF_6$ EC/EMC/DMC (3/4/3, v/v/v) (STD) 대비 안정한 SEI를 형성하며, 산화 안정성이 뛰어나 $Li_2MnO_3-LiMO_2$(M=Ni, Co, Mn)/graphite 셀의 수명 및 방치 중 가스 저감에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2010

$LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$의 리튬이온 이차전지 양극 물질로의 특성을 연구하기 위해서 단순 연소합성법을 이용하여 합성했다. 합성된 물질의 구조적 특징을 분석하기 위하여 X-선 회절분석(XRD)과 주사전자현미경 (FE-SEM)을 측정하였다. X-선 회절분석을 통하여 합성된 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$시료가 육방정계 층상구조가 형성된 것을 확인하였다. FE-SEM을 통해 측정한 결과 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{0.3}Co_{0.2}O_2$ 입자는 일정한 형태를 가지지 않았으며 크기는 대략 100~300 nm의 크기임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 전기화학적 특성을 측정하기 위하여 충 방전 용량 측정과 CV(Cyclic Voltammetry)를 측정하였다. 2.8 V에서 4.3 V까지 충 방전 용량을 측정한 결과 ~162 mAh/g의 초기 방전 용량을 가졌다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2022

For this study, the sol gel method was used to synthesize the spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) electrode material. Structural, morphological, electrochemical, and kinetic aspects of the LNMO have been characterized. The synthesized LNMO was indexed with the Fd3m cubic space group. The excellent capacity retention indicates that the spinel framework of LNMO has the ability to withstand high rate charge-discharge throughout long cycle tests. The Li diffusion coefficient (D_Li) changes non-monotonically across three orders of magnitude, from 10^-9 to 10^-12 cm² s^-1 determined from GITT method. The variation of D_Li seemed to be related to three oxidation reactions that happened throughout the charging process. A small dip in D_Li at the beginning stage of Li deintercalation is correlated with the oxidation of Mn³⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. While two pronounced D_Li minima at 4.7 V and 4.75 V are due to the oxidation of Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ and Ni³⁺/Ni⁴⁺ respectively. The depletion of D_Li at the high voltage region is attributed to the occurrence of two successive phase transformation phenomena.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2002

Spinel $LiMn_{2-y}M_yO_4$ and $LiMn_{2-y}M_yO_4$ (M=Mg, Zn) powders were synthesized by solid-state method at $800^{\circ}C$ for 37h. Crystal structure and electrochemical properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance to $LiMn_{2-y}M_yO_4$. All cathode material showed spinel structure in X-ray diffraction. Ununiform distortion which calculated by (111) face and (222) face was almost constant in spite of the change of the kind and the substituting ratio of the metal cation in $LiMn_{2-y}M_yO_4$ (M=Mg, Zn). $LiMn_{1.9}Mg_{0.05}Zn_{0.05}O_4/Li$ cell substituted $Mg^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ showed excellent discharge capacities than other cells, which it presented about 120mAh/g at the 1st cycle and about 73mAh/g at the 250th cycle, respectively. AC impedance of $LiMn_{2-y}M_yO_4/Li$ cells showed the similar resistance of about 65~110$\Omega$ before cycling.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.712-717
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• 2002

New wet chemical method so called precipitation-evaporation method was suggested for preparing spinel structure lithium manganese oxide ($LiMn_2$$O_4$) for Li ion secondary battery. Using precipitation-evaporation method, $LiMn_2$$O_4$ cathode materials suitable for Li ion secondary batteries can be synthesized. Single spinel phase $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder was synthesized at lower temperature compared to that of prepared by solid-state method. $LiMn_2$$O_4$ powder prepared by precipitation-evaporation method showed uniform, small size and well defined crystallinity particles. Li ion secondary battery using $LiMn_2$$O_4$ as cathode materials prepared by precipitation-evaporation method and calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ showed discharge capacity of 106.03mAh/g and discharge capacity of 95.60mAh/g at 10th cycle. Although Li ion secondary battery showed somewhat smaller initial capacity but good cyclic ability. It is suggested that electro-chemical properties can be improved by controlling particle characteristics by particle morphology modification during calcination and optimizing Li ion secondary battery assembly conditions.