• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

The deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel manifests due to the stress redistribution within the surrounding rock. By observing the deformation of the surrounding rock, we can not only determine the stability of the surrounding rock and supporting structure but also predict the future state of the surrounding rock. In this paper, we used grey system theory to analyse the factors that affect the deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel. The results show that the 5 main influencing factors are longitudinal wave velocity, tunnel burial depth, groundwater development, surrounding rock support type and construction management level. Furthermore, we used seismic prospecting data, preliminary survey data and excavated section monitoring data to establish a neural network learning model to predict the total amount of deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel collapse. Subsequently, the probability of a change in deformation in each predicted section was obtained by using a Bayesian method for detecting change points. Finally, through an analysis of the distribution of the change probability and a comparison with the actual situation, we deduced the survey mark at which collapse would most likely occur. Surface collapse suddenly occurred when the tunnel was excavated to this predicted distance. This work further proved that the Bayesian method can accurately detect change points for risk evaluation, enhancing the accuracy of tunnel collapse forecasting. This research provides a reference and a guide for future research on the probability analysis of tunnel collapse.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.437-464
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• 2014

Curriculum for mathematic sis the system that selects and organizes the contents which have to be taught in school. Ultimately it can be the whole plan of school mathematical education. The study about curriculum for mathematics is the basic study field of the mathematical education, so curriculum-related studies have been continuously promoted in terms of character, organization and implement of the curriculum, learning contents contained by the curriculum, the connection between school levels, and comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign curricula. Thus, this paper investigated the 2009 Revised Curriculum for Mathematics, which is the curriculum of Korea and the CCSSM which is the curriculum of the U.S. Both have been adopted in schools recently. The purpose of this study is to understand the curricula for mathematics in elementary school of Korea and the U.S. in depth and obtain the implication for the further curriculum revision, by comparing and analyzing the curricula of two countries.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.524-533
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• 2001

Efficient continuous speech recognition system for practical applications requires that the processing be carried out in real time and high recognition accuracy. In this paper, we study the acoustic models by adopting the PDT-SSS algorithm and the language models by iterative learning so as to improve the speech recognition accuracy. And the adaptive pruning algorithm is applied to the continuous speech. To verify the effectiveness of proposed method, we carried out the continuous speech recognition for the Korean air flight reservation task. Experimental results show that the adopted algorithm has the average 90.9% for continuous speech recognition and the average 90.7% for word recognition accuracy including continuous speech. And in case of adopting the adaptive pruning algorithm to continuous speech, it reduces the recognition time of about 1.2 seconds(15%) without any loss of accuracy. From the result, we proved the effectiveness of the PDT-SSS algorithm and the adaptive pruning algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

Building a game has been used as effective and attractive way of teaching computer science. Building a usable Multi-player Game is requires important aspects of technology, teamwork and software engineering principles. The whole class was structured in to several teams and students needed to join one or two teams. Each team presented their progress, discussed future milestones and troubleshoots, updated documents for clearer communication and utilized SVN(Subversion) throughout the semester. Unlike usual class setting, all students worked collaboratively together like one company to achieve the goal. In one semester, students started from concept design and completed a working Multiplayer Online Game called "deBugger" (Fall 2009), and "World of Balance" (Fall 2011), while learning game design, 3D graphics, Game Engine, Server-client architecture, Game Protocol, network programming, database, Software Engineering principles, and large application development as a team project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.525-537
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine the current state and characteristics of simulation-based operating processes in nursing education based on the Jeffries theoretical framework in South Korea by taking an integrated look at study findings in order to provide a scientific basis for future simulation-based operating processes. We searched eight databases, including the Korea Education and Research Information Service, National Library, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, KOREAMED, and Korean Medical Database, using terms "simulation" and "nursing" as keywords in November 2017 in the Korean language. Sixteen studies were identified, reviewed, and appraised in this integrative review. The literature was categorized into these themes: general study characteristics, operation method, teaching and learning methods, subject characteristics, outcome variables, and theoretical framework. The simulation processes in nursing education in South Korea that were analyzed in this study did not fully reflect the main concepts suggested in the NLN Jeffries simulation framework. Thus, simulation program developers need to consider and incorporate a variety of strategies, based on the identification of essential components, to improve simulation effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2002

As the society turns into one based on knowledge, there has been the general project of education informalization carried out. In this respect, the Seventh Common and Basic National Curriculum has adopted information and communication education which implies a broader meaning than just computer education. It also planned to make it mandatory to allocate one hour of computer class a week at the Int and second grade course and higher grades beginning at 2001, as well as to increase the initial one hour gradually by the year coming. In addition to the one hour of mandatory computer class a week, it advises teachers to use computer so that it can account for at least 10% of teaching-learning process in ten subjects per each grade which takes the Seventh Common and Basic National Curriculum. This study intended to learn about computer education curriculum at school and information and communication technology education found in the Seventh Common and Basic National Curriculum(1st∼10th grade) and to examine if they have a consistency for each grade. In addition to that, investigated the actual state of school by checking students' ability to operate computer and teachers' opinion through questionnaire survey.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.629-639
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• 2011

Currently science and technology are changing so fast and college mathematics becomes more and more important. But the downturn of freshmen's scholastic performance has been intensified and this phenomenon leads to serious problems in managing college curriculums. During the recent years at a middle level engineering college, many freshmen had a lot of difficulties in their mathematics courses. In consequence, many of them had hard time to survive at their major curriculums. In this point of view, we analyse the situation of mathematical scholastic ability among engineering majored freshmen through the research on the actual state of mathematical background, mathematical scholastic ability test, college mathematics scores, and scholastic aptitude test scores. We study the relation between the mathematics score of scholastic aptitude test for the college entrance and mathematical scholastic ability of freshmen of a middle level engineering college. From this study we conclude that the essential reasons for the above situations are the curriculum of middle school mathematics and the system of scholastic aptitude test and the entrance examination of university. In order for improving mathematical accomplishment. we give suggestions such as a learning ability improvement program in mathematics.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-134
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• 2020

Korea, where the national curriculum is run, can change school education by specifying basic competence in the common curriculum of elementary and middle schools for students to pursue school learning and real life. The numeracy as a basic competence should not be limited to mathematics, so it needs to be specified in the national curriculum covering several subjects and guided through various subject curriculums. To this end, the study proposed concepts, components, and levels of numeracy and proposed ways to reflect them in the national curriculum and other subjects' curricula. To ensure its validity, the UK, Canada and Australia curriculum are analyzed, and the results of the survey are proposed for various education experts. This study proposed two ways to briefly state the numeracy in the national curriculum and to imply the contents related to the numeracy in each subject curriculum, and to present the concepts, components and levels of numeracy in the national curriculum in detail and to describe numeracy code in each subject curriculum. These suggestions obtained high consent from experts.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.22-35
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to prepare an outline for developing the Contents Systems that achieve self-study systems to make the students adopt themselves into new study atmosphere and maximize the result of study on technical college in Electric-Electronic field. Questionnaire posed to analyze the demand of teaching materials to the students, and professors and also to find characteristics of students in technical college. The SPSSWIN/PC+ statistics Package was used to assay the collected answers. And simple frequency with percentage, average, and standard deviation were calculated to check the entire trend and actual state of each question. The primary outcomes of this study are as follows i) The students in the technical college prefer self-directed learning to lecturer-oriented teaching. ii) It is difficult to offer the technical college students normal education systems since the students?interest and motivation towards study are very low. iii) The lack of capability of foreign language and basic mathematics are considered as obstacles for many students technical college to study. iv) The professors in technical college still depend on traditional method to teach the students without organized research of the intellectual levels and attitude the students. v) Teaching materials in currently use are not appropriated to induce the motivation and interest of study from the students. Also, the teaching materials in use now were discovered not to have enough originality, practical application, andwere text based. Therefore, the improvement of the existing teaching materials was demanded while the fundamental ability to study of general students is declining. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce new teaching materials which are simple, easy, and organized to offer the studen ts study desire and interest.