• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Purpose : Nowadays, there are many studies of growth retardation treatment by oriental medical therapy. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Hwalhyulsungjang-san (Huoxuechengzhang-san) and KC101 on physical development in growth, Methods : 60 young (3 weeks old) male rats, whose mean weight was $46.8{\pm}0,7g$, were divided into 5 groups : groups A, B, C, and D were fed an experimental diet containing respectively Hwalhyulsungjang-san 2.5%, Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%, KC101 5.0%, and KC101 10.0%, and the other group were fed an AIN-diet containing neither Hwalhyulsungjang-san nor KC101 as a control. Study of each group used 2 rats and was repeated in 6 times. Body weight, daily weight gain, dietary intake, body length, femur length, backbone length and serum concentration of IGF-I and hemoglobin were measured. Result : 1. Body weight and daily weight gain of group D (KC101 10%) were highest; dietary intake of group D was also increased by 13% over the control group. 2. Average body length of group D was increased to 1.69cm, which was 3.2% over the control group. Backbone length of group D was also increased 4% compared to control group. 3. Serum concentration of IGF-I of group D increased 17% compared to control group. 4. Serum concentration of hemoglobin of group B (Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%) increased 8% compared to control group. Conclusion : This study showed that Hwalhyulsungjang-san and KC101 composed of oriental medicinal stuffs have effect on physical development in growing rats. There were not any statistical meaning compared to control group, but this study suggests that intake of these compounds from a young age may lead to increase physical development in growth.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2014

The plastic hinge region of RC pier ensures its nonlinear behavior during strong earthquake events. It is assumed that the piers secure sufficient strength and ductility in order to prevent the collapse of the bridge during strong earthquake. However, the presence of a lap-splice of longitudinal bars in the plastic hinge region may lead to the occurrence of early bond failure in the lap-splice zone and result in significant loss of the seismic performance. The current regulations for seismic performance evaluation limit the ultimate strain and displacement ductility considering the eventual presence of lap-splice, but do not consider the lap-splice length. In this study, seismic performance test and analysis are performed according to the cross-sectional size and the lap-splice length in the case of longitudinal bars with lap-splice located in the plastic hinge region of existing RC bridge columns with circular cross-section. The seismic behavioral characteristics of the piers are also analyzed. Based upon the results, this paper presents a more reasonable seismic performance evaluation method considering the lap-splice length and the cross-sectional size of the column.

• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2016

In the numerical weather model, surface properties can be defined by various parameters such as terrain height, landuse, surface albedo, soil moisture, surface emissivity, roughness length and so on. And these parameters need to be improved in the Seoul metropolitan area that established high-rise and complex buildings by urbanization at a recent time. The surface roughness length map is developed from digital elevation model (DEM) and it is implemented to the high-resolution numerical weather (WISE-WRF) model. Simulated results from WISE-WRF model are analyzed the relationship between meteorological variables to changes in the surface roughness length. Friction speed and wind speed are improved with various surface roughness in urban, these variables affected to temperature and relative humidity and hence the surface roughness length will affect to the precipitation and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height. When surface variables by the WISE-WRF model are validated with Automatic Weather System (AWS) observations, NEW experiment is able to simulate more accurate than ORG experiment in temperature and wind speed. Especially, wind speed is overestimated over $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ on some AWS stations in Seoul and surrounding area but it improved with positive correlation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) below $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ in whole area. There are close relationship between surface roughness length and wind speed, and the change of surface variables lead to the change of location and duration of precipitation. As a result, the accuracy of WISE-WRF model is improved with the new surface roughness length retrieved from DEM, and its surface roughness length is important role in the high-resolution WISE-WRF model. By the way, the result in this study need various validation from retrieved the surface roughness length to numerical weather model simulations with observation data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

A study on housing and management of dairy cows was conducted in three villages. All activities of husbandry related to the housing and the condition of the cows were observed and farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire. The main type of housing was a tie stall mostly in the back yard area with a gable or shed type roof. Inside the shed the temperature ranged from 17 to $29^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity ranged from 62 to 73%. Drainage and manure handling was poor which lead to poor cleanliness of the stables and animal skins. The floor space was mostly wide and the roof level was low (less than 2.5 m). The slope of the floor (1-3%) was sufficient, the roughness of the floor was of medium quality. The shape and size of the feed trough was good with a surface of mostly irregular forms. Concentrate was mixed with water and offered in liquid form in pails made from plastic or from parts of rubber car tires. Hoof length was too long which could lead to unstable position and self injury. It is concluded that the housing conditions of dairy cattle need to be improved in order to improve the condition of the animals and the production performance.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제3A권4호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2003

This paper presents reference designs for vapor-cooled HTS/Copper leads rated at 25 kA and 40 kA and that satisfy a protection criterion. Each HTS section is cooled by the effluent helium vapor boiling from a 4.2-K bath. Each HTS section is based on a design concept in which a short portion of its warm end (77.3 K) operates in the current-sharing mode; such operation results in a considerable saving for HTS materials required in the HTS section. Two designs of "fully superconducting" vapor-cooled HTS sections, one rated at 25 kA and the other at 40 kA are also presented as comparison bases for the new HTS sections. Each warm end of HTS sections is coupled to an optimal vapor-cooled copper lead rated at the same current as that for the HTS section. The extra coolant required at 77.3 K at the coupling station, an optimal length of the copper section will be shorter than that optimized for helium-vapor cooling between 4.2 K and room temperature.mperature.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Korean English learners tend to have difficulty perceiving and producing English vowels. The purpose of this study is to examine a link between perceived and produced vowel spaces of Korean learners of English. Sixteen Korean male and female participants perceived two sets of English synthetic vowels on a computer monitor and rated their naturalness. The same participants produced English vowels in a carrier sentence with high and low pitch variation in a clear speaking mode. The author compared the perceived and produced vowel spaces in terms of the pitch and gender variables. Results showed that the perceived vowel spaces were not significantly different in either variables. Korean learners perceived the vowels similarly. They did not differentiate the tense-lax vowel pairs nor the low vowels. Secondly, the produced vowel spaces of the male and female groups showed a 25% difference which may have come from their physiological differences in the vocal tract length. Thirdly, the comparison of the perceived and produced vowel spaces revealed that although the vowel space patterns of the Korean male and female learners appeared similar, which may lead to a relative link between perception and production, statistical differences existed in some vowels because of the acoustical properties of the synthetic vowels, which may lead to an independent link. The author concluded that any comparison between the perceived and produced vowel space of nonnative speakers should be made cautiously. Further studies would be desirable to examine how Koreans would perceive different sets of synthetic vowels.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of prayer in Christian patients with breast cancer. Methods: Data collection and analysis were conducted by the Colaizzi analysis of phenomenological method. Data were collected by in-depth interviewing the participants and by further follow-up observations. Sixteen patients participated in this study. Results: The significant statements (188), formulated meanings (42), themes (38), clusters of theme (10), and categories (5) were emerged. The 5 categories were as follows: communication with God, healing and peace, spiritual growth, distrust in prayer, and method of prayer. Conclusion: Further studies need to consider the period of faith, comparison between christian and other religions, and length of diagnosis. A better understanding of the meaning of prayer will lead to a more comprehensive view of the spiritual care for patients with breast cancer, and can lead to guidelines for assessment and intervention to reduce suffering from cancer.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2017

Material defects in the Steam Generator Tubes (SGT) of sodium cooled fast breeder reactor (PFBR) can lead to leakage of water into sodium. The water and sodium reaction will lead to major accidents. Therefore, the examination of steam generator tubes for the early detection of defects is an important requirement for safety and economic considerations. In this work, the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) based Non Destructive Testing (NDT) technique is used to perform the defect detection process. The rectangular notch defects on the outer surface of steam generator tubes are modeled using COMSOL multiphysics 4.3a software. The obtained MFL images are de-noised to improve the integrity of flaw related information. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features are extracted from MFL images and taken as input parameter to train the neural network. A comparative study on characterization have been carried out using feed-forward back propagation (FFBP) and cascade-forward back propagation (CFBP) algorithms. The results of both algorithms are evaluated with Mean Square Error (MSE) as a prediction performance measure. The average percentage error for length, depth and width are also computed. The result shows that the feed-forward back propagation network model performs better in characterizing the defects.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2013

Impedance and electrical conduction studies of $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$ ceramic prepared using conventional high temperature solid-state reaction technique are presented. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with space group $Pm\bar{3}m$. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried to study the quality and purity of compound. The circuit model fittings were carried out using the impedance data to find the correlation between the response of real system and idealized model electrical circuit. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type and negative temperature coefficient of resistance character. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in $Ba(Nd_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$. The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2019

Most of the current crack investigation work consists of visual inspection using simple measuring equipment such as crack scale. These methods involve the subjection of the inspector, which may lead to differences in the inspection results prepared by the inspector, and may lead to a large number of measurement errors. So, this study proposes an image-based crack detection method to enhance objectivity and efficiency of concrete crack investigation. In this study, YOLOv2 was used to determine the presence of cracks in the image information to ensure the speed and accuracy of detection for real-time analysis. In addition, we extracted shapes of cracks and calculated quantitatively, such as width and length using various image processing techniques. The results of this study will be used as a basis for the development of image-based facility defect diagnosis automation system.