• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Purpose - This article aims to examine whether the stock issuance of firms in the retail industry follows Myers' (1984) pecking order theory, which is based on information asymmetry. According to the pecking order model, firms have a sequence of financing decisions, of which the first choice is to use retained earnings, the second one is to get into safe debt, the next involves risky debt, and the last involves finance with outside equity. Since the 2000s, the polarization of the LEs (Large enterprises) and SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) arose in the retail industry. The LEs exhibited an improvement in growth and profitability, whereas SMEs had a tendency to degenerate. This study contributes to corroborating the features of financing decisions in the retail industry distinguished from the other industries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study considers the stocks listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013, and is more concentrated on the stocks in the retail industry. The data were collected from the financial information company, WISEfn. The empirical analysis is conducted by employing two measures of net equity issues (and), which were introduced in Fama and French (2005), and can be calculated from firms' accounting information. All variables are generated as the aggregate value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets, which, in effect, treats the entire sample as a single firm. Substantially, the financing decisions of the firms were analyzed by examining how often and under what circumstances firms issue and repurchase equity. Then, this study compares the features of the retail industry with those of the other industries. Results - The proportion of sample firms that show annual net stock issues reaching the level of the year's average was 54.33% for the 1990s, and fell to 39.93% per year for the 2000s. In detail, the fraction of the small firms actually increases from 45.08% to 51.04%, whereas that of large firms shows a dramatic decline from 58.94% to 24.76%. Considering the fact that the large firms' rapid increase in growth after the 2000s may lead to an increase in equity issues, this result is rather surprising. Meanwhile, net stock repurchases of assets are considerably disproportionate between the large (-50.11%) and the small firms (-15.66%) for the 2000s. Conclusions - Stock issuance of retail firms is not in line with the traditional seasoned equity offering based on information asymmetry. The net stock issuance of the small firms in the retail industry can be interpreted as part of an effort to reorganize business and solicit new investment to resolve degenerating business performance. For large firms, on the other hand, the net repurchase can be regarded as part of an effort to rearrange business for efficiency and amplifying synergy across business sections through spin-off. These results can help the government establish a support policy on retail industry according to size.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the growing activities of large purchasing enterprises on the trust of small and medium size contractors, which is mediated by 'purchase accompany activity'. This subject study includes the first and second contractor companies in Korea. The results of this study are as follow. First, the knowledge and cost price sharing activities of major purchase vendor with cooperative company had a positive effect on the trust of cooperative company, however this was not so with the information sharing activities in that case. Second, the trust of contractors on large purchasing enterprises was positively influenced by sharing activities with purchasing activities of major company. Third, the knowledge and cost price sharing activities of purchasing enterprise with contractors on the sharing activities were mediated by the trust of contracting company on the large purchase enterprise. According to this study, the mediated effect of trust relationship can influence a contracting company. Whereas preceding studies of sharing activities were conducted about unidirectional instruct of large purchase enterprises to small and medium size contracting companies, this study was conducted on bidirectional effects, which included knowledge, cost price, information sharing activities between contracting companies and large purchasing enterprises. Conclusively, this study showed the possibility of spreading cognitive and change about mutual benefits strategy between small and medium size contracting company and large purchasing enterprise.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.109-145
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• 2004

Upcoming 21st century, Management circumstance for a small and medium enterprise have been rapidly changed by Knowledge management, Informationization, Hi-technology. Changing from an era of small concept to strong concept, It will be a severe innovation period and can not survive with life as the same as the past, It is the era of best which mean only the best can survive, None of the average faculty can survive. Due to rapid proceeding of innovation of Informationization, It stimulate acceleration of technology innovation, infinity competition regardless the nation boarder, result in proceeding to Informationization. A small and medium enterprise is defined as smaller size of business than big business as point of capital, employee, output. It is concept, which usually used against concept of big business. When define a small and medium enterprise, criteria to determine a small and medium enterprise is depends on country and a category of business. However, In every country, A small and medium enterprise is getting be bigger and importance factor in whole industry. A small and medium enterprise is well developed and also well balanced with a large enterprise in the developed country. All around in the world, Interest about a small and medium enterprise is becoming higher. It is actively researching into a small and medium enterprise as the mean to create new employment, new industry, as means to from integration of a all and medium enterprise,as source of high competitive power. The status quo of rapid changing into informationization have been realized at considerable level in Korea. Information society is defined as information technology is main key to determine individuals competitiveness, which can solve effectively the side effect result from industrialization. It cleary imply that information technology is the most promising and important industry in 21st century. Therefore, We should seek to foster independent a small and medium enterprise and develop them corresponding to new concept of a small and medium enterprise in 21st century. The main frame of policy should be new economic system, which can contribute establishment of a small and medium enterprise, management innovation. It also attribute a small and medium enterprise to reveal their creative. New economic paradigm in 21st will be expanded with organization, market, technology. So far, a small and medium enterprise has been acknowledge as economic weaker and the one should be protected. However, In 21st century a small and medium enterprise will be considered as active majority or a source of creative. Development of technology to produce a small quantity with variety product and acceleration of knowledge and informationization will result in comparative merits of a small and medium enterprise. Hereby, The role and relative importance of a small and medium enterprise in our economic will getting be larger and It will be developed as the main force to activate the economic. However, Only a small and medium enterprise, which overcome difficulty with active desire and effort to improve their lot can be developed as a competitive enterprise in 21st century in considering themselves to be developed as diversity, active, independent, business by an enterprise.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2012

The implementation of business process management (BPM) systems in large number of business organizations transforms BPM system into such a level of maturity and tends to collect large repositories of business process (BP) models. This issue encourages BP flexibility that leads to a large number of process variants derived from the same model, but differing in structure, to be stored in the large repositories of BP models. Therefore, the repositories may include thousands of activities and related business objects with variation of requirements and quality of service. It is a common practice to customize processes from reference processes or templates in order to reduce the time and effort required to design and deploy processes on all levels. In order to address redundancy and underutilization problems, a generic process model, called as reference BP, is absolutely necessary to cover the best of process variants. This study aims to develop multiple-objective business process genetic algorithm (MOBPGA) to find a set of non-dominated (Pareto) solutions of business reference model to enhance conventional approach which considered only a single objective on creating BP reference model by using proximity score measurement. A mixed-integer linear program is constructed to evaluate performance of the proposed MOBPGA on small-scale problems by using standard measures for multiple-objective techniques. The results will show the viability of applying MOBPGA in terms of simultaneously maximizing proximity score measurement, minimizing total duration, and total costs of the selected reference model.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2019

본 연구는 수도권 소재 광역쇼핑시설이 기존상권에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 광역쇼핑시설을 둘러싼 대·중소 유통갈등의 합리적 해소를 위한 실증적 논거를 제공하고 정책적 함의를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 광역쇼핑시설은 본 연구에서 사용한 조작적 용어로서 대형마트보다 배후상권 범위가 훨씬 커진 대형 쇼핑시설 유형을 지칭하는 것으로, 하위 유형으로는 초대형백화점, 복합쇼핑몰, 대형패션 아울렛, 창고형 대형마트 등의 네 가지 유통업태를 포함한다. 광역쇼핑시설의 배후상권 특성은 비교집단으로서 대형마트까지 포함하여 다섯 가지 유통업태를 대상으로 분석하였으나, 광역쇼핑시설 출점이 기존상권에 미치는 영향은 네 가지 광역쇼핑시설 업태에 대해서만 분석하였다. 본 연구의 조사방법의 특징은, 특정 점포 단위의 중소상인 대상 설문조사에 의존한 선행연구들과 달리 본 연구는 수도권 내 모든 점포와 모든 소비자를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 활용함으로써 점포 단위가 아닌 지역 단위의 총량적, 평균적 상권영향을 분석하였다는 점이다. 조사분석 결과, 광역쇼핑시설 출점이 약 3%의 총 소비지출 순증효과를 유발하고 있었다. 현존하는 전체 광역쇼핑시설의 업태별 수도권 기존상권 총 잠식률(매출증감률)은 대형백화점 -1.0%, 복합쇼핑몰 -9.0%, 대형패션아울렛 -4.1%, 창고형 대형마트 -8.2% 등이며 이를 합한 전 업태 총합 기존상권 총 잠식률은 -22.2%로 나타났다. 그리고 전 업태 총합의 기존 쇼핑시설 부문별 잠식률은 대규모유통부문 -53.9%, 중소유통부문 -11.0%, 온라인유통부문 +5.7% 등으로 추정되었다. 중소유통부문은 중복산입 가능성이 없기 때문에 현존 전체 광역쇼핑시설의 수도권 중소유통부문 상권잠식률 -11.0%는 합리적인 추정결과로 판단된다. 특히, 광역쇼핑시설 업태별 기존 중소유통부문 상권 잠식률은 복합쇼핑몰이 4.9%, 창고형 대형마트는 5.7%인 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2017

Considerable research has been done on the issue of succession in family businesses. However the process of induction, of preparing the members of the next generation for joining the family business has not been examined in detail. This paper attempts to analyse the relevance of three critical factors - 'quality of relations', 'willingness of the inductee' and 'the ability to manage tensions harmoniously' - to the induction process and the progress of the business. It focuses on the Indian context, specifically in the Small and medium Enterprise (SME) area. Qualitative research has been carried out. The Case Study method is used and data has been gathered from two families (including two branches of one family), using frequent unstructured interviews, over a period of five years. It is concluded that positive impact on business, family and the inductee depends to a large extent on the quality of relations, willingness of the inductee and the ability of both the inductor and inductee to handle and manage the tensions. Thus the findings of the study extend current understanding about succession drivers to the specific context of eastern cultural and developing economy represented by the Indian family businesses in the small and medium enterprise sector.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2010

As business needs are accelerating exponentially due to globalization and other market forces, companies regardless of its size need data which can operate flexibly and rapidly across disappearing physical and organizational borders. To meet the growing Enterprise Resource Planning [ERP] needs for small and medium sized firms, large ERP vendors have introduced new and inexpensive products to these markets. They can customize to businesses of all sizes as long as they have the need for the services and the budget to support the system. Based on the observations in this research, most ERP vendors, regardless of their size, are now focusing more on improving the implementation curve and reporting capabilities through compartmentalizing business applications along industry verticals. Also ERP systems are becoming more open thereby consultants and subject matter experts now have the opportunity to create modules based upon verticals to form a best-of-breed ERP implementation. of enterprises.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, had a significant impact on the economy and business activities worldwide. Large companies, as well as small businesses were affected, many of them had to scale down or divert their businesses, and some even had to stop. This extraordinary situation requires business people to make innovations and adjustments to survive during a pandemic. Entering the digital era, business players are helped by the ease of internet access, which will make it easier for SME players to get data from their consumers. Business actors can use this data to innovate and create new creations to improve business performance during this pandemic. This research aims to identify how small and medium enterprises can take advantage of Big Data to improve marketing performance through innovation and value creation. The research methodology used the in this research is quantitative method. The respondents are SME producers of food and beverage, with a total of 150 respondents. The results in the study indicate that all the proposed hypotheses are accepted. The most significant influence is found on the relationship of Big Data to value creation. The lowest effect was obtained from the relationship between Big Data and marketing performance through the mediation variable and innovation capability.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Many enterprises are looking for counterproposals to be survival through innovation activities and to be held on their continuous businesses for their business management environments nowadays. One of the innovation activities is an improvement of Loss and reinforcement of business structure through Lean, TPM. Another one is an improvement of these innovation activities and have achieved lots of outcomes (profits). But most these activities have been applied for only the industries in Automobile, Semiconductor, Aviation, Construction with large enter in Korea. And most of minor cable enterprises don't even try to import these innovation activities excluding some how the small and medium cable enterprise can import the LEAN / 6 Sigma activities effectively with some of sample in real small and medium cable company.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.107-132
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• 2000

E-mart, LG-mart같은 대형할인점의 중소토시에의 진입은 중소상인, 재래상가등에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 현상을 되돌리는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 고객의 욕구와 필요를 만족시키지 못하는 소매업태는 생존할 수 가 없다. 그러므로 이렇게 급변하는 환경에서 소비자입장에서 소매유통경쟁구조를 이해하는 것은 아주 중요하다. 유통경쟁에 관한 과거의 연구들은 전략적 소매믹스변수들을 중심으로 다른 형태의 소매점들을 비교, 분석하는 데 중점을 두었으나, 소비자입장을 고려하지 않았다. 또한 우리는 쇼핑에 대한 의미를 완전히 이해하고 있지 않다. 쇼핑은 실용적 쇼핑뿐만 아니라, 향락적 쇼핑을 포함하는 광의적 개념으로 해석되어야 한다. 소비자들은 소매점 선택시 실용적 측면도 중요하게 여기고, 향락적 측면도 선호한다. 중소상인, 재래상가가 현대적인 대규모 소매업자들과 경쟁할 수 없는 주요 이유이다. 쇼핑장소와 관련하여 거시적 소매업 유통경쟁구조를 이해하기 위하여 세가지 다른 방법들을 이용한다. 요인분석, 다차원 척도법, MCA등이 소매유통경쟁에 관한 소비자들의 지각도를 작성하기 위해 이용된다. 소비자들의 수요가 점차 고금 지향적으로 옮아오고 있기 때문에, 백화점과 대형할인점들은 주요 경쟁자이지만, 소비자들이 선호하는 형태들로서 주요한 유통형태가 되고 있다. 그러므로 중소상인들, 재래상가는 급격한 변화없이는 생존하기 힘들다.