• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

A self-administered questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted on 150 local residents belonging to seven villages, 160 visitors and 86 experts in order to analyze the attitudes of groups of local residents, visitors as well as experts toward the development plan of Sobaeksan Jarak-gil. Reliability analysis and one-way ANOVA were performed on the data collected by a questionnaire survey using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 after coding. The Duncan Test was conducted as a post-hoc test. Based on the analytical results, in economic terms, the expert group expected an increase in income, improvement in living standards and increase in expenditure for the maintenance of local infrastructure. In environmental terms, the visitor group was highly concerned about the disruption of the local natural environment and ecosystem, destruction of local properties and landscape, increase in water/soil/air pollution and increase in solid waste and noise. In social and cultural terms, the expert group had higher expectation for excavation of traditional cultural properties, instillation of local patriotism and pride, and the visitor group was highly concerned about a rise in crime, destruction of indigenous culture/increase in imitations, and induction of conflicts between residents. It is estimated that these results will be used as basic data for establishing the development plan of the mountainous ecological trail reflecting opinions of various groups.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2001

This study is to discuss the problems due to the maldevelopment occurred at the reserved areas of natural environments of the Ulleung Island, Gyeongsangbuk-do province, and it also suggests the ways of solving them The types of the maldevelopment practiced on the Ulleung Island consist of the change of land use, the opening of a round road, the destruction of mountains for the construction of harbor, the development of tourist areas, and the construction of military facilities. The decreased habitat of animals and the pollution of drinking water are occurred by the change of land use. The destruction of ecological system is due to the opening of a round road. The damage of natural landscape and the change of ocean eco-system is closely related to the construction of harbor and the destruction of mountains. Finally, the damage of rare plants and the pollution of drinking water are due to the development of tourist areas and the construction of military facilities. In the followings, the ways of solving the problems occurred by the various types of maldevelopment are suggested. First, the planning of pro-environmental development has to be established and practiced to preserve rare plants which are damaged due to the change of land use. Second, the destruction of natural landscape and resources has to be minimized by the implementation of environmental impact assesment when road and harbor are constructed. Third, the stones needed for the development of islands ought to be imported from mainland. Fourth, the established tourist areas are needed to rationally manage and the potential tourist areas has to be transferred to the reserved areas of natural environments. Fifth, military facilities should be constructed though the cooperation of autonomous local government. Finally, government officers' and residents' conscience of protecting and reserving natural environments is needed, and government has to give residents financial supports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2016

This study aims to understand the relationship between visitors and the degradation of natural resources in Bukhansan national park. We analyzed the trend of the number of visitors, destruction of natural resources and decrease of biodiversity per year. We further compared three types of trails, heavily-used trails and rarely-used trails and a trail with limited access, regarding the degree of destruction in the National Park through a field survey. Our result showed that increasing number of visitors had direct and indirect impact on the destruction of natural resources in the National Park. The direct impact came from visitors' excessive use of trails. Naturally, increasing number of visitors caused an immoderate use of natural resources. Physical degradation such as exposure of tree root, poor drainage of trails, trail erosion was more severe than other types of trails. Decreasing biodiversity or mild disturbance around trails is the indirect impact such as broken bough, worn-bark in rarely-used trails. Destruction scale greatly increased as the number of visitors increased. Real-named reservation system helped to prevent trails from degradation. Our result calls for the need of controlling the number of visitors to Bukhansan National Park to mitigate the degradation. We recommend dispersing visitors from the heavily-used trails to other trails and implementing real-named reservation system in the rarely-used trails for the effective management of the national park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.40-47
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to analyze the propriety of the Biotope Area Factor's(BAF) application and propose an improvement plan. The BAP system, initially started by Seoul metropolitan city, is being settled in Korea. The BAF originated from the Biotop $Fl{\ddot{a}}chen$ Faktor(BFF) system of Berlin Germany. It was established as part of the Landscape Plan for the ecological function recovery in the high density built-up area with a sense of environmentally friendly urban management. The study compared the BAF's present condition of Ganddong-Gu, Seoul with Seoul's BAF system. Some problems appeared from the system application. Firstly, it may cause ecological damage if the site ranges are more than current BAF system limits. Secondly, the application of the current BAF system has the possibility of general redevelopment, but the partial improvement considering current standards of the high density built-up area's paving section is impossible. Lastly, division of the application object and application type are not divided well. In addition, the Seoul BAF which is currently applied across the board is based on the destruction of the natural area and low density built-up area. Accordingly, to improve these problems requires a complementary system protecting the ecological function prior to the application of the BAF and with restricted application to high density of BAF system built-up area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

Stonewall in Jeju has been regarded as the one of the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, they have been played as a useful facility to protect houses or crops from strong winds, but also to indicate the boundary of ownership. In the recent research, stonewall has been appointed as the one of important components in rural landscape. Thus, stonewall in Jeju retains intrinsic and real value by many usages in rural regions. However, in spite of it's value, stonewall has been abandoned without any concerns and political measures. Now stonewall is urgently needed to be dealt by a certain political measure for protection. Therefore, the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed and made, otherwise the destruction of these natural valuable structures will be continued. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stonewall in jeju. And then, with the result of this examination, political measures and suggestions to protect stonewall are proposed. Several areas such as Sungsan, Sinchon, and so on in Jeju are selected as the sample areas for this study, and examination are carried with a wide range of literature reviews and the GIS technology for data collection and analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.70-81
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• 1999

The methods of landuse change detection have been used with the algorithm of GIS (Geographic Information System). It is used for the Environmental Planning. Ultimately, it is useful to establish environment management system in landscape architecture. As one of environmental elements, the landuse is repeatedly being changed by the interaction of natural and social environments. In addition, the landuse change shows a tendency to certain characteristic. However, the data of analysis environment system are too broad to access the practical use. Therefore, the possibility of using the method of GIS has been increasing. This study is to make the prediction model by using the interpolation of GRASS version 4.1.5 and to consider about a tendency for each element in landuse change of HAKONE national park. The results of study explain as below : 1. The natural forest and the meadow have a larger tendency of decrease. 2. The area of golf club and facility land has not been changed and the some other areas have been changed to the commercial forest. 3. However, because of the natural forest preservation plan since 1970, the destruction shows comprehensively a tendency of decrease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

The biotope network of Susung gu is characterized as dense residence zones forming its core that enable partial biotope in and around the residential zones. First, in district I, it is possible to make these zones connected to the third district. In district II, which is abundant in biotope, it is very important not to continue destoyi9ng the existing biotopes. In the case of district III, old residence zones have fill the severe gap between forests and the Sinchun river, through redevelopment, which covers more than 30% of the biotope area with large scaled linear residence areas. In the case of district IV, limited destruction of biotope and the improvement of nature areas were suggested as the alternative for preservation of biotopes. Consequently, in the construction of the biotope network in Su-sung gu, the maintenance of existing biotopes is required. Int he old residence zones, as redevelopment occurs, by maintaining biotope area of more than 30% and making the scale of residential complexes more than 1ha, it is possible for old residence zones to accomplish the role of providing important green spaces. In the case of newly developed residential zones, by reducing the rate of pavement of traffic conducts, utilizing small sized parks at the junctions and the plantation of trees along the corridors, the entire residence zones are able to accomplish the role of providing important green space. The problem houses and connecting the inner green space of the private houses with the green spaces of the streets in some areas. Futhermore, green spaces of forests must not be used for urban development. Dual planting on sidewalks, planting plots dispersed among streets and median strips must be established on road, too.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2004

This study was attempted to review the information data for minimizing the destruction of environmental naturalness and the visual damage of landscape from road construction by establishing a model of environmental naturalness for national roads in the suburb areas to suggest an answer to a research question, ' hat does decide the environmental naturalness of roadscape?'. We found that 1) The road-side slope showed no statistical significance in the description of environmental naturalness of roadscape, but the fact that the road-side slope from road construction is the destruction of natural topography cannot be overlooked. 2) In terms of the direction of value variations for independent variables, signboard and telegraph post, soundproofing and protection wall, structure, and building acted toward negative (-) direction, while mountains, sky, road trees, fields, and surrounding green including the road-side slope acted toward positive(+) direction. 3) The variable with highest relative contribution to dependent variables among independent variables is building, which has importance as many as 148 times of road-side slope, while the variable road-side slope has the least importance. Building has the importance of 7.22 times, mountains 5.51 times, road trees 2.59 times, surrounding green 2.54 times, structure 2.41 times, signboard and telegraph post 2.37 times, soundproofing and protection wall 2.20 times, and sky 1.32 times of the fields as a standard criterion values 1.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.7-32
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• 2015

In 1950, Anne $H{\acute{e}}bert$ published Le Torrent, a collection of seven short stories. These stories containing many shocking themes and expressions have placed her one of the pioneers of modern novels in Quebec. This paper tries to analyze several phases of alienation described in the novels and the reactions of alienated caracters in their situation. Some examples of alienated and mentally or physically deformed characters in Le Torrent are Fran?ois, $St{\acute{e}}phanie$, Stella, etc. Although the author wanted readers to interpret these characters on ther individual level, this paper interprets them differently. The result of this study is as following. Alienation doesn't come from one's interior but his exterior. Society and history are major agents of alienation. The injustice of life imposed on the caracters results from political and religious underdevelopment, cultural lowness, absence of social security system and of universal education at that time. The conquest of Quebec by England left a deep and historical wound on the French Canadians. This fact is, in my opinion, one of the essential themes of Anne $H{\acute{e}}bert^{\prime}s$ novels. In spite of all these alienating situations, the reactions showed by the caracters of the novels are limited to escapist illusion, self-destruction, mistaken revenge, eternal submission, etc. In conclusion, Le Torrent by Anne $H{\acute{e}}bert$ which deeply approached themes of violence and alienation could be called authentic landscape of the inner world of Quebecois before 'la Revolution tranquille.'

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-67
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• 1987

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental design through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of forest landscape. For this, landscape values of forest landscape have been evaluated by using the Iverson method, the images structure of forest landscape's main utilizing space have been analysed by the factor analysis algorithm, degree of visual preferences have been pleasured mainly by questionnaries and SBE method, and finally these thesis can be summarized as fallow LCP with high values of Iverson factors I and IV yield high landscape value. Specifically, Iverson factor IV has been found to play the dominant. For all experimental points, significant seasonal variations in S.D. scale values have been observed. In natural parks, where artificial structures are complementary to the natural landscape, main factors of image are S.D. scales such as the visual sequence, the formal simplicity of structures, the emphasis, the unification of heterogeneous factors and the assimilation. Factors covering the spatial image of natural parks have been found to be the overall evaluation, the individual characteristics, the tidiness, the potentiality, the dignity, the intimacy and the space volume. For all seasons, factors such as the individual characteristics, the dignity, the tidiness, the potentiality, yield high factor scores. As for factors determining the degree of visual preference, variables such as the summit, the skyline, rocks, the water and the degree of natural destruction by artificial structures yield high values for all seasons.