• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

In this special article, we presented the organization of the work group, basic principles of the algorithm, future plan and methods for developing a treatment algorithm for panic disorder in Korea. The psychiatrist work group from the Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders began to develop a treatment algorithm designed to improve the management of Korean patients with panic disorder by incorporating better evaluation techniques and treatment procedures. We have reviewed the treatment guidelines and algorithms for panic disorder published thus far, including the Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder established by the American Psychiatric Association, the Management of Anxiety (Panic Disorder, with or without Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder) in Adults in Primary, Secondary and Community Care established by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Clinical Practice Guidelines established by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. We developed the basic materials to be used in the treatment algorithm for the management of panic disorder in Korea. Therefore, in this special article, we intro-duce the goal of the algorithm and the details of the algorithm development.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: The management of frontal sinus fractures and frontal sinus outflow tract (=FSOT) injuries is controversial. Traditional treatments include frontal sinus obliteration with a variety of material grafts, which all employ complicated algorithms for treatment planning. A simplified algorithm aiming for frontal sinus ventilation, however, can be achieved through the advanced technology of image guided endoscopic surgery and instruments. The authors explain this simplified treatment algorithm of frontal sinus fractures. Methods: The authors reviewed articles on the management of frontal sinus fractures. Results: Complicated treatment planning algorithms of frontal sinus fractures aiming for obliteration were replaced with a simplified algorithm aiming for ventilation of the frontal sinus. Conclusion: The authors suggest that a simplified algorithm can replace the complicated algorithms in selective cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2004

The objective of this research is to develop the water quality management model to achieve the water quality goal and the minimization of the waste load abatement cost. Most of existing water quality management model can calculate BOD and DO. In addition to those variables, N and P are included in the management model of this study. With a genetic algorithm, calculation results from the mathematical water quality model can be used directly in this management model. Developed management model using genetic algorithm was applicated for the Youngsan River basin. To verify the management model, water quality and pollution source of the Youngsan River had been investigated. Treatment types and optimum treatment costs of the existing and planned WWTPs in the baisn were calculated from the model. The results of genetic algorithm indicate that Kwangju and Naju WWTP have to do the advanced treatment to achieve the water quality goal about BOD, DO and TP. Total annual treatment cost including the upgrade cost of existing WWTPs in the Youngsan River basin was about 50.3 billion Won.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

Purpose: Analyze the Effectiveness of Radiation Treatment Planning by dose calculation and optimization algorithm, apply consideration of actual treatment planning, and then suggest the best way to treatment planning protocol. Materials and Methods: The treatment planning system use Eclipse 10.0. (Varian, USA). PBC (Pencil Beam Convolution) and AAA (Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm) Apply to Dose calculation, DVO (Dose Volume Optimizer 10.0.28) used for optimized algorithm of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), PRO II (Progressive Resolution Optimizer V 8.9.17) and PRO III (Progressive Resolution Optimizer V 10.0.28) used for optimized algorithm of VAMT. A phantom for experiment virtually created at treatment planning system, $30{\times}30{\times}30$ cm sized, homogeneous density (HU: 0) and heterogeneous density that inserted air assumed material (HU: -1,000). Apply to clinical treatment planning on the basis of general treatment planning feature analyzed with Phantom planning. Results: In homogeneous density phantom, PBC and AAA show 65.2% PDD (6 MV, 10 cm) both, In heterogeneous density phantom, also show similar PDD value before meet with low density material, but they show different dose curve in air territory, PDD 10 cm showed 75%, 73% each after penetrate phantom. 3D treatment plan in same MU, AAA treatment planning shows low dose at Lung included area. 2D POP treatment plan with 15 MV of cervical vertebral region include trachea and lung area, Conformity Index (ICRU 62) is 0.95 in PBC calculation and 0.93 in AAA. DVO DVH and Dose calculation DVH are showed equal value in IMRT treatment plan. But AAA calculation shows lack of dose compared with DVO result which is satisfactory condition. Optimizing VMAT treatment plans using PRO II obtained results were satisfactory, but lower density area showed lack of dose in dose calculations. PRO III, but optimizing the dose calculation results were similar with optimized the same conditions once more. Conclusion: In this study, do not judge the rightness of the dose calculation algorithm. However, analyzing the characteristics of the dose distribution represented by each algorithm, especially, a method for the optimal treatment plan can be presented when make a treatment plan. by considering optimized algorithm factors of the IMRT or VMAT that needs to optimization make a treatment plan.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1992

Lineacgrams are diagnostic films taken using X-ray from the linear accelerator with the patient in the treatment position to assure that the treatment is being delivered in accordance with the treatment prescription. But the image quality of the lineacgram is so bad because of the high X-ray energy. This paper presents a new algorithm that enhances the image of lineacgram. Thls algorithm calculates optimal threshold value which is used for segmentation of lineacgram using co-occurrence matrix and enhances the image Inside and outside treatment area preserving treatments boundary.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.4 s.36
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• pp.87-92
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• 2005

This study showed the possibility of the medical treatment by thermal feedback as the laser medical treatment had given by design of the digital I/O interfaces of the electronic shutter to control the laser beam and the temperature controlled algorithm. The electronic shutter is economical and that is designed to be automatically controlled within the range of an extent temperature by such development of its driving interfaces and the controlled algorithm of the electronic shutter. The possibility of local therapy for the patients by the treatment of the laser beam within an extent temperature controlled, is proposed by improvement of the problems on the current treatment methods such as radiotherapy, high frequency treatment or medical therapy of drug stuffs which even kill the normal cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.45-67
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• 2022

Currently, there are about 20,000 or so known ancient medical texts from the East Asian medical traditions. Although the most famous texts are widely known, many texts still exist only as original manuscripts. We are interested exploring these texts to uncover the potential benefits of their therapeutic knowledge. This study aims to develop a database program that automatically converts the treatment skills described in the text version into a more structured version. In the previous study, our team analyzed patterns in the way that treatment skills are described and then tried to design a database program algorithm that identified every meaningful keyword used to describe treatment skills and put that word in the right cell of a structured table. This study continues the development of this program. East Asian medical herbal treatment information is broken down into 4 elements: the first one is the name or title of treatment skills, and the second is the symptoms to which the treatment is applied, the third is ingredients used, the fourth is how information is processed and the indications taken. This study presents the algorithm's principles on how to analyze and structure the fourth element, the processing of information and taking of indications, which is described in a form of ancient natural language.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2018

We developed and evaluated an algorithm to calculate the target radiation dose in cancer patients by measuring the transmitted dose during 3D conformal radiation treatment (3D-CRT) treatment. The patient target doses were calculated from the transit dose, which was measured using a glass dosimeter positioned 150 cm from the source. The accuracy of the transit dose algorithm was evaluated using a solid water phantom for five patient treatment plans. We performed transit dose-based patient dose verification during the actual treatment of 34 patients who underwent 3D-CRT. These included 17 patients with breast cancer, 11 with pelvic cancer, and 6 with other cancers. In the solid water phantom study, the difference between the transit dosimetry algorithm with the treatment planning system (TPS) and the measurement was $-0.10{\pm}1.93%$. In the clinical study, this difference was $0.94{\pm}4.13%$ for the patients with 17 breast cancers, $-0.11{\pm}3.50%$ for the eight with rectal cancer, $0.51{\pm}5.10%$ for the four with bone cancer, and $0.91{\pm}3.69%$ for the other five. These results suggest that transit-dosimetry-based in-room patient dose verification is a useful application for 3D-CRT. We expect that this technique will be widely applicable for patient safety in the treatment room through improvements in the transit dosimetry algorithm for complicated treatment techniques (including intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

Background: To suggest the need of more aggressive reduction techniques than closed reduction (CR) technique in nasal fracture treatment, we identified the usefulness of algorithm oriented treatment of nasal fracture that includes indirect open reduction (IOR) and external fixation (EF) as well as the CR. Methods: We compared the clinical course of the group A (n=128) where only the CR was performed regardless of the pattern of the nasal fracture and the group B (n=127) where algorithm oriented treatment including IOR and EF as well as CR was performed depending on the pattern of nasal fracture. And the degree of postoperative pain after CR and IOR technique was compared through the dose of analgesics and pain scores. Results: More than 80% of patients were satisfied the result of reduction in both group A and B. Good contour of nasal bone after reduction was showed 71% of group A and 81% of group B without significant difference. Minor (p>0.05) and major (p<0.05) deformity after reduction were less occurred in the group B than group A. Postoperatively, the dose of analgesics was significantly lower after IOR technique than CR technique (53 mg vs. 142 mg) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Algorithm oriented treatment of nasal fracture including IOR and EF as well as CR reduce major deformity after reduction than treatment of CR alone. It is useful to perform the more aggressive reduction techniques such as IOR and EF according to the pattern of fracture in treatment of nasal fracture.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2019

In the recent years, various studies have presented stable and economic methods for increased regulations and compliance in sewage treatment plants. In some sewage treatment plants, the effluent concentration exceeded the regulations, or the effluent concentration was manipulated. This indicates that the process is currently inefficient to operate and control sewage treatment plants. The operation and control method of sewage treatment plant is mathematically dealing with a physical and chemical mechanism for the anticipated situation during operation. In addition, there are some limitations, such as situations that are different from the actual sewage treatment plant. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more stable and economical way to enhance the operational and control method. AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is selected among various methods. There are very few cases of applying and utilizing AI technology in domestic sewage treatment plants. In addition, it failed to define specific definitions of applying AI technologies. The purpose of this study is to present the application of AI technology to domestic sewage treatment plants by comparing and analyzing various cases. This study presented the AI technology algorithm system, verification method, data collection, energy and operating costs as methods of applying AI technology.