• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

This study assessed the impacts of grazing and barn feeding on the reproductive performance of black goats and the growth performance of goatlings to gather basic data for the establishment of an ideal goat-breeding system. A total of 36 Korean black goats were grouped by feeding system (a pasture grazing group and a barn feeding group, n=18) over the 8-month study period from April to November 2011. The difference between the singleton pregnancy rate of the grazing group, measured at 31.5%, and the barn-feeding group's 37.0% was not statistically significant. Also, breeding type did not yield any meaningful differences, with 1.76 live births recorded for the grazing group and 1.69 recorded for the barn-feeding group. In regard to weaner goats, the grazing group showed a higher number compared to the barn-feeding group (p=0.11). The birth weight of the grazing group was measured at 2.3 kg, while that of the barn-feeding group was 2.29 kg, with breeding type yielding no significant differences. The grazing group's weight at 90 days of age was 9.97 kg, which was higher than the barn-feeding group's 9.45 kg (p=0.09). The grazing group showed higher daily weight gain during the lactation period than the barn-feeding group (p=0.13). Overall, with breeding type considered, the grazing group did not show significant differences in terms of the number of live births and birth weights compared to the barn-feeding group; however, the grazing group showed better outcomes in terms of daily weight gain. As it has been shown that grazing satisfies the physiological needs of goats more effectively than barn feeding, we believe that it contributes to the farming of healthy goats.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2007

This trial was carried out to determine effects of TMR(Total Mixed Ration) in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean black goats. Twelve Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and the they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet(A: rice straw and commercial concentrates) as a control group and three TMR groups(B: rice straw and commercial TMR; C: 30% organic whole barley silage and rice straw with organic grain; D: 60% organic whole barley silage with organic grain). The results obtained are summarized as follows. Dry matter intake, fecal excreta, digestible dry matter, metabolic intake and feed intake of BW were significantly higher(p<0.05) compared with A, B, C treatment. The digestibility for most of nutrients except NFC was significantly higher(p<0.05) for D treatment than the others. On the other hand, the digestibility of NFC was higher for B treatment than for the others, even if it was not significantly different across treatments. Nitrogen intake was lower for D treatment, but the significant differences were not found across treatments. N retention rate was higher for B treatment with significant difference. For the blood composition, HDL cholesterol and Immunoglobulin G were significantly higher(p<0.05) for C, D treatment than the others. The results showed that, in comparison with A treatment(conventional diet) and B treatment(commercial TMR), dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and N retention rate were not lower in C treatment(30% organic whole barley silage) and HDL cholesterol was increased after experiment. Therefore, it could be concluded that TMR with organic whole barley silage might contribute to the production of a high quality and safer meat in goat production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1405-1409
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was to determine proper physical traits in the diet for goats by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and chewing activity in black goats fed with total mixed ration (TMR). Methods: Six growing wethers of Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) aged 8 months and weighing between 26.9 kg and 27.1 kg ($27.03{\pm}5.05kg$) were used in this experiment. Three diets of varying peNDF content were obtained by original TMR (T1), 12,000 rpm grinding (T2), and 15,500 rpm grinding (T3) of the same TMR diet. The $peNDF_{1.18}$ content of the experimental diets was 23.85%, 21.71%, and 16.22% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Results: Average daily gain (ADG) was higher in T2 group compared to those of the control and T3 groups, but ADG and DMI were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF content. Also, there was no difference between apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although there was no significant difference, rumination and total chewing time were associated with decreased peNDF content. Conclusion: The feeding of peNDF-based TMR showed no impact on apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Further studies are required with a wider range of dietary peNDF level and particle size to better identify the effect of dietary peNDF and particle size on chewing activity and performance in goats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of feeding level of concentrate on the digestible nutrient intake, using efficiency of nutrients and nitrogen retention of growing Korean black goats (KBG) fed on whole crop barley (WCB) silage. WCB silage with concentrates at 2.0% (BS2.0), 1.5% (BS1.5) and 1.0% (BS1.0) of BW, respectively, and rice straw with concentrate at 2.0% (RS2.0) of BW as a control. Goats for digestibility trials were assigned within each group with three animals to individual metabolism crates with Latin square design. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intakes goats in control, BS2.0 and BS1.5 was significantly higher than that in BS 1.0 (p<0.05). Digestible NFC intakes of goats in BS2.0 and BS 1.5 was significantly higher than that in BS1.0 (p<0.05). The highest Average daily gain (ADG) were recorded in group BS2.0 followed by BS1.5, RS2.0 and BS1.0 (p<0.05). The highest DM digestibility was shown in group BS1.5 treatments (p<0.05). Nitrogen retentions in RS2.0, BS2.0 and BS1.0 were significantly higher than that in group BS1.0 (p<0.05). The results obtained from this study suggested that feeding level of concentrate seems to be proper at 1.5% of BW to achieve the best performance when black goats are fed WCB silage as a roughage source with concentrate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.435-442
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different raising periods (24 and 48 months) on the physico-chemical quality and fatty acid composition of meat from Korean native black goats. In terms of proximate composition, the meat from the 24-month age-group of the goats contained lower moisture and protein content and higher fat and ash content than that from the 48-month age-group. With an increase in age, moisture and protein content increased, whereas fat and ash content decreased. The pH was higher as was the cooking loss in the meat from the 24-month age-group than in the meat from the 48-months age-group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the water-holding capacity and shear force of the meat from the two breeding periods (p > 0.05). A color analysis showed that the meat from the 24-month age-group had higher L*, a*, and b* values than the 48-month age-group (p < 0.05). The fatty acid composition and palmitic acid content increased with an increase in rearing periods, whereas stearic acid and oleic acid content decreased. The proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content was lower and higher, respectively, at 24 months of age and 48 months of age (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1329-1335
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• 2011

Korean native goats, which are characterized by black coat color, have existed on the Korean peninsula for a long time. Until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation concerning their genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis or origin. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and verified phylogenetic status of the Korean native goat using the 453-bp fragment of the hypervariable fragment I (HVI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region from 60 individuals among 5 populations. The Korean native goat showed less haplotype diversity when compared with goats from other countries. In addition, 6 haplotypes that had not been previously reported were verified in this study. In phylogenetic analyses with other country's goats, 10 haplotypes from Korean native goats were classified into mtDNA lineage A. Moreover, in a phylogenetic tree for goats which contained mtDNA lineage A, 8 of 10 haplotypes could be included in a subgroup with goats from Vietnam and an area of China. However, none of the remaining haplotypes belonged to a major group of Korean native goats and were located on different independent positions. These results suggest that almost Korean native goats aligned more closely to China and Vietnam breeds in mtDNA lineage A and there was no gene flow from other mtDNA lineages. Our results will contribute to conservation strategies and genetic breeding of Korean native goats.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) for the prevention of postoperative uterus and ovary adhesion formation in the Korean black goats. Twenty adult female Korean black goats randomly were divided into five groups with four animals in each group. After the routine laparotomy, catheter for injection was inserted into the abdomen. Before abdominal closure, saline, 1% SCMC, 2% SCMC or 0.4% HA solution (50ml/10kg of body weight/head) were injected in the abdominal cavity in each group. Three weeks after surgery, second laparotomy was performed and the adhesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 10 according to their vascularity and adhesion size in uterus and ovary. This trial was repeated the four times with the interval of three weeks. In the first and second trial, the group treated with 2% SCMC significantly reduced the adhesion formation than other treatment groups (P<0.05). In the third trial, the adhesion formation was significantly reduced in 2% SCMC and 1% SCMC (P<0.05). In the fourth trial, 2% SCMC reduced the adhesion formation. However, there was no significant difference among other groups. This study showed that the 2% SCMC administered at the end of the surgery reduced the adhesion formation in the Korean black goats.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the estrous cycles by macroscopic observation of the ovarian changes using the laparoscopy and to make use of these results for embryo transfer in Korean black goat (Copra hircus aegagrus). Laparoscopic examinations of the ovaries were performed from 2 days after $CIDR^(R)$ removal to 22 days after ovulation. The serial morphological changes of follicles and corpus luteum (CL) were observed. CL was classified corpus hemorrhagicum(CH), corpus luteum (CL) and corpus albicans (CA) by its maturation and regression. On the day before ovulation (Day 0), Graafian follicles (GF) were found on one or both ovaries. On the day (Day 1) and $2^{nd}$day (Day 2) of ovulation, and ovulation depression (OD) and an early stage corpus hemorrhagicum $(CH_1)$ were observed at the site of GF, respectively. On Days 3 to 4, more developed and enlarged corpus hemorrhagicum $(CH_2\;and\;CH_3)$ arised from the ovulation of the GF with well vascularization. On Days 5 to 6, it was identified that mature corpus luteum $(CL_3)$ was grown on the ovary, and fully developed CL with adjacent follicles were occupied most part of the ovary on Days 17 and 18. Then the size of CL was diminished, and completely luteal regression $(CL_1\;or\;CA)$ with new large follicle was identified on Days 20 and 22. From these results, the 4 stages of the estrous cycle in Korean black goats were 1) estrus (Day 0) for 1 day, 2) metestrus $(Day\;1{\sim}4)$ for 4 days (stage of CH development), 3) diestrus $(Day\;5{\sim}16/17)$ for 12 or 13 days (luteal stage), and 4) proestrus $(Day\;17/18{\sim}20/22)$ for 4 or 5 days (stage of luteal regression and follicular growing). Laparoscopy for observation of ovarian changes was invasive than laparotomy. Additionally, it had advantages of reduced adhesion and quick operation time. It was considered that laparoscopic examination of ovarian changes will be useful for embryo transfer in the Korean black goats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be major source of human infection. The aim of this survey was to investigate seroprevalence of C. burnetii in ruminants in Gwangju area. A total of 1,000 samples (serum and lactoserum) were collected from 987 Korean native cattle, 5 Korean native goats, 2 beef cattle, 6 bulk-tank milk from each dairy farm in Gwangju area from January to October 2020 and analyzed by ELISA. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk from each dairy farms was 50.0%. Korean black goat and beef cattle had negative antibody test results for C. burnetii. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle in Gwangju area was 7.1% and was higher in female (7.8%) than in male (3.4%) (P=0.024). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle appeared to increase with age (3.8% in 1 year-old, 7.1% in 3 year-old, and 10.7% in more than 5 year-old) (P<0.001). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii of Korean native cattle increased in spring and May was the highest in particular (P<0.001). As the distribution and density of tick-habitat are expected to increase due to climate crisis, this survey highlights the need for monitoring C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, including surveillance of C. burnetii infection in people working for livestock industry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2013

This study investigates the effect of a feed concentrate on the growth performance, feed requirement, and rearing expenses of growing black goats. Forty female growing black goats were divided into four groups and fed rice straw (ad libitum) mixed with different levels of the feed concentrate: T1 (1.5%), T2 (1.8%), T3 (2.1%), and T4 (0%, control). The average daily weight gain (body weight per day) was as follows: T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 (50.23, 60.37, 71.46 and 98.90 g/day, respectively) (p<0.05). The intake of rice straw decreased significantly with increase in the concentrate level (p<0.05). Rearing expenses amounted to 46,704, 49,998, 54,701, and 74,613 won for feed concentrate levels of 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, and ad libitum, respectively. Increase in feed concentrate levels led to an increase in rearing expenses. In conclusion, a concentrate level of 2.1% was determined to be idea for a rice-straw-based feed for growing black goats.