• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-252
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• 1987

Isolated rat adipocytes are well known to possess opposite pathways of lipid metabolism: lipolysis and ipogenesis. Both of the metabolism respond to various biologically active substances such as epinephrine, ACTH and insulin. Epinephrine and ACTH stimulate lipolysis and insulin accelerates lipogenesis. Recently, Korean red ginseng powder was found to contain adenosine and an acidic poptide which inhibited epinephrine-induced lipolysis and sl imulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis from added glucose. The acidic peptide is consisted mainly of glutamic acid and glucose. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes, while they did not affect insulinstimulated lipogenesis, Thus, all these substances extracted from Korean red ginseng exhibited selective modulations toward the opposite metabolic pathways in rat adipocyte; They inhibited the lipolysis but not the lipogenesis. We call these substances"selective modulators". Recently, we isolated a toxic substance named "toxohormone-L " from ascites fluid of patients with various malignant tumors. The toxohormone-L stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes and induced anorexia in rats. Both the lipolytic and the anorexigenic actions of toxohormone-L were found to be inhibited by ginsenoside Rb2 in Korean red ginseng. Based on these results, physiological signifi¬cances of these substances in Korean red ginseng were discussed. Pan ax ginseng is a medicinal plant long used in treatment of various pathological states including general complaints such as head ache, shoulder ache, chilly constitution and anorexia in cancer patients, There have been many pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng roots. Petkovllreported that oral administration of an aqueous alcoholic extract of ginseng roots decreased the blood sugar levtl of rabbits. Saito2lreported that Panax ginseng suppressed hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine and high carbohydrate diets. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng roots contain insulin-like substances. Previously, we demonstrated that gin¬seng roots contain an insulin-like peptide which inhibits epinephrine-induced lipolysis and stimulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In 1984, we suggested that such an insulin-like substance should be called a selective modulator4). Present investigation describes the details of the selective modulators in ginseng roots. During progressive weight loss in patients with various neoplastic disease, depletion of fat stores have been observed. The depletion of body fat during growth of neoplasms is associated with increase in plasma free fatty acids. Recently, we found that the ascites fluid from patients with hepatoma or ovarian tumor and the pleural fluid from patients with malignant lymphoma elicited fatty acid release in slices of rat adipose tissue in vitro. The lipolytic factor, named"toxohormone-L". was purifed from the ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma. The isolated preparation gave a single band on both disc gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol. Its molecular weight was determined to be 70,000-75,000 and 65,000 by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation, respectively. Injection of toxohormone-L into the lateral ventricle of rats significantly suppressed food and water intakes. There was at least 5 hr delay between its injection and appearance of its suppressive effect. In the present study, we also tried to find a inhibitory substance toward toxohormone-L from root powder of ginseng.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.569-576
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) to substitute for antibiotic in broiler chicken. First, a well-diffusion assay procedure and a 2-fold dilution method were used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of FSE on Escherichia coli K88, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella was assayed. An inhibitory effect of FSE was observed on the growth of these bacteria. This effect seems to be dose depended, which disappeared after 25.00, 12.50, 1.56 mg/ml. Second, a 42-d trial with 252 broiler chickens (d 1, $38.7{\pm}1.1$ g BW) was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of FSE in broiler chicken. The feeding program consisted of a starter diet from d 1 to 21 and a finisher diet from d 22 to 42. Dietary treatments included were: i) NC: negative control fed a corn-soybean meal based diet; ii) PC: positive control group fed based diet with chlortetracycline; and iii) FC: a test group fed with 100 mg FSE/kg diet. In this study growth performance did not differ among treatments during the starter period. However, dietary supplemental chlortetracycline and FSE increased (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with NC during the finisher and overall phase. Apparent digestibility of calcium on d 21, digestibility of energy and calcium on d 42 of FC was greater (p<0.05) than NC. Moreover, cecal Escherichia coli counts for birds from FC were lower (p<0.05) than NC. Dietary FSE supplementation also improved (p<0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratios in both duodenum and ileum and decreased (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum. Duodenum villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in both duodenum and ileum from the FC group were also greater (p<0.05). Serum growth hormone and IGF-1 were not influenced by different treatments. Apparently, FSE has the potential to substitute for antibiotic in broiler chicken.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.953-963
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• 2018

The stepwise development of T cells from a multipotent precursor is guided by diverse mechanisms, including interactions among lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, which play crucial roles in mammalian development and lineage commitment. To elucidate the transcriptional networks and epigenetic mechanisms underlying T-cell lineage commitment, we investigated genome-wide changes in gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation among populations representing five successive stages of T-cell development (DN3, DN4, DP, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$) by performing RNA-seq, MBD-seq and hMeDIP-seq, respectively. The most significant changes in the transcriptomes and epigenomes occurred during the DN4 to DP transition. During the DP stage, many genes involved in chromatin modification were up-regulated and exhibited dramatic changes in DNA hydroxymethylation. We also observed 436 alternative splicing events, and approximately 57% (252) of these events occurred during the DP stage. Many stage-specific, differentially methylated regions were observed near the stage-specific, differentially expressed genes. The dynamic changes in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were associated with the recruitment of stage-specific TFs. We elucidated interactive networks comprising TFs, chromatin modifiers, and DNA methylation and hope that this study provides a framework for the understanding of the molecular networks underlying T-cell lineage commitment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.243-252
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• 2007

Nowadays, technological differences between companies have decreased and products launched show more resemblance to each other. As an alternative plan companies started developing brands. The excellence in quality of a product from a company could be easily copied, but the formless value, brand, cannot be imitated easily. More importantly, in the globally competing generation the brand provides distinctiveness and gives a solution to the relationship between consumers. Also the design image takes a big part in a company's competitiveness. The design image that represents the company reflects the brand, and it reflects the image and the philosophy of the company. And the images of each product influence the brand. Also an effective delivery of a product image would give a synergistic effect on the brand. A company could build this design identity to elevate the brand. Therefore, the identity of design image reflects the brand. Therefore a study on the area of the absence and misled identity of design image is important. This study is fixed on the idea of, development of brand to increase competitiveness, and the affiliation of design image with the identity of the brand. This study, on the basis of preceding research and theoretical background, aims to find the design identity area focusing on the product design image of the product purchased by the consumer. Firstly, we need to examine the affinity of the product image from the consumer, and analyse the direction of images to offer a solution that could advance the design identity strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2011

The combined effects of 10 kJ/$m^2$ ultraviolet-C (UV-C) with 50 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on the qualities of red chicory and pak choi were examined. After the treatment, the samples were stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The combined treatment of $ClO_2$/UV-C reduced the initial populations of total aerobic bacteria in the red chicory and pak choi by 2.64 and 2.55 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to those of the control. Also, the populations of yeast and molds in the red chicory and pak choi by combined treatment were reduced by 2.41 and 2.00 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, after 7 days of storage the total aerobic bacteria populations in the red chicory and pak choi were reduced to 3.71 and 3.93 log CFU/g, compared to 6.31 and 6.62 log CFU/g for the control, resulting in a significant decrease. Hunter L, a, and b values of red chicory and pak choi were not significantly different among the treatments. Non-thermal treatment caused a negligible change in sensory evaluation. These results suggest that the combined treatment of 50 ppm $ClO_2$ with 10 kJ/$m^2$ UV-C can be useful for maintaining the qualities of red chicory and pak choi.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2008

ZnAl-LDH(layered double hydroxide) modified with oleic acid(SO-ZnAl LDH) was synthesized and added to the flame retardant ABS compounds containing brominated epoxy resin(BER) and antimony trioxide(${Sb_2}{O_3}$). Flame retardant ABS compounds were manufactured by using a twin-screw co-rotating extruder and subsequently injection molded into several specimen for flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The XRD patterns of ABS nanocomposites showed no peaks. The thermal stability of ABS nanocomposites was enhanced by the addition of SO-ZnAl LDH as shown in TGA results. However, these nanocomposites showed no rating in the UL 94 vertical test at 1.6 mm thickness. Only ABS nanocomposites with additional BER more than 1.5 wt% showed UL 94 V0 rating. Notched Izod impact strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of flame retardant ABS nanocomposites increased with the proportion of So-ZnAl LDH whereas their melt index decreased.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.252-254
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• 2007

Image fusion is fast catching attention as Wagner pointed out in his 2006 version of the recent progress and development presented at the annual meeting of Society of Nuclear Medicine. Prototypical fusion of bone scan and radiograph was already attempted at in 1961 when Fleming et al. published an article on strontium-85 bone scan. They simply superimposed dot scan on radiograph enabling simultaneous assessment of altered bone metabolism and local bone anatomy. Indeed the parallel reading of images of bone scan and radiography, CT, MRI or ultrasonography has been practiced in nuclear medicine long since. It is fortunate that recent development of computer science and technology along with the availability of refined CT and SPECT machines has permitted us to open a new avenue to digitally produce precise fusion image so that they can readily be read, exchanged and disseminated using internet. Ten years ago fusion was performed using Bresstrahlung SPECT/CT and it is now achievable by PET/CT and SPECT/CT software and SPECT/CT hardware. The merit of image fusion is its feasibility of reliable assessment of morphological and metabolic change. It is now applicable not only to stationary organs such as brain and skeleton but also to moving organs such as the heart, lung and stomach. Recently, we could create useful fusion image of cardiac SPECT and 64-channel CT angiograph. The former provided myocardial metabolic profile and the latter vascular narrowing in two patients with coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia. Arterial stenosis was severe in Case 1 and mild in Case 2.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the quality of ground water for hydroponics in Kyeongnam area in 1995. Water samples were collected and analyzed from 77 wells in green houses throughout Kyeongnam area. The values of several components in well water were as follows ; 7.4 in pH, 0.46dS/m in EC, 0.3mg/L in N $H_{4}$-N, 25.4mg/L in $Ca^{2＋}$, 42.6mg/L in C $l^{[-10]}$ and 72.5mg/L in S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$. The pH value showed high positive significance of correlationships with $Ca^{2＋}$ and EC. Also, the EC value showed high positive significance with N $a^{＋}$, $Ca^{2＋}$, S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, $Mg^{2＋}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ .

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.231-252
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• 2005

The changing Agenda of the family policy is to be influenced by many factors. The structural change of population and aging problem in modern society are generally included in main factors which produce political needs. Therefore, migrant family is recognized as a alternative which is to resolve the socioeconomic problems of aging industrial societies. In Germany, Gerhard Schroeder who leads the SPD governs since 1998. The Schroeder's new conception of welfare policy is known as the third way("neue Mitte") which the social economic structure intends to neo-liberalistic trend. The concern on the welfare policy for the migrant families has grown recently in neo-liberalistic age, but research on german welfare policy for migrant families is very limited in quantity and Depth. The main purpose of this study is to examine how the welfare policy for the migrant families of Schroeder-government has been developed in Germany. And this paper evaluates the results of transforming policy. Based on this evaluation, this paper attempts to be manifest the problem of korean family policy for the migrant population and to find out implications of german model.