• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study examines the entrepreneurial experiences of unmarried mothers living in a community who have succeeded in starting a business. Attention was given to the maternal and labor rights of five single mothers in a community who gave birth, raised children, and engaged in vocational activities. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth discussions with the participants and analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive-phenomenological method. The data analysis revealed 53 themes and 10 clusters of themes. Based on these results, items such as overcoming pregnancy conflict, reasons for starting a business, and successful entrepreneurial experience were identified and described. The key themes of this study include "Pressure to live", "Hold oneself responsible for an unblessed life", "Stigma and deprivation of opportunity", "Maintaining basic life amid anxiety", "Starting from ground zero", "Work and parenting tug-of-war", "Let's rely on my ability rather than external support", "Securing credit capital", "Philosophy for shared growth" and "Infinite possibilities at the edge of a cliff". In the attempt to start a business using positive psychological capital for the well-being of themselves and their children's, the mothers uncovered social capital, which led to mutual growth. Based on the research results, the ethics and resilience of shared growth were discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2024

This study examines how economic factors such as income, parental support, perceived social status, and financial distress are associated with marital intentions among unmarried young adults in their 20's and 30's. Data were collected by an online survey, and a total of 567 people participated nationwide. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression suggest that (1) women's income was associated with their marital intentions, but not men's; (2) perceived social status was associated with marital intentions among both men and women; (3) men's expected parental support for marriage was associated with marital intentions; and (4) when three subfactors of the material values were included in the analysis, among women, it was found that the use of possessions to judge one's own success and that of others was positively associated with their marital intentions, and the belief that possessions and the acquisition of materials lead to happiness and satisfaction was negatively associated with their marital intentions. Further discussion is provided about the interpretation and implications of the results.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-64
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate unmet healthcare needs due to economic or non-economic difficulties among the elderly aged 65 or older. Using Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) data from 2018, the elderly are classified into one of four groups (health insurance subscribers, non-take-up, lower income relief, and medical aid recipients) based on their level of medical vulnerability. For hospital or dental care, the prevalence rates of unmet healthcare needs due to economic and non-economic difficulties are 12.6% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence rate of unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulty in the medically vulnerable group was much higher than that of the non-vulnerable group-that is, health insurance subscribers. After controlling for other influential factors, medical vulnerability has a great impact on the prevalence rates of unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulties. Compared to health insurance subscribers, the non-take-up, the lower relief, and the medical aid recipients are 1.4 times, 3.3 times, and 2.4 times more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs due to economic difficulty, respectively. The results of this study can provide important policy implications for securing essential healthcare resources for the elderly.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.87-106
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• 2022

This study compared working arrangements, interest in rural migration, and life satisfaction in Japan in two periods: immediately after the COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease) pandemic and two years after the global outbreak. The comparison was based on data from the "Survey on Changes in Attitudes and Behaviors in Daily Life under the Influence of Novel Coronavirus Infection, 2020, 2021", which was conducted four times by the Japanese Cabinet Office directly after the COVID crisis (May 2020 and September 2021). The respondents who participated in both the first and fourth surveys were employed individuals aged 20 years or older. The results are as follows. First, the proportion of Tokyo residents engaging in telework immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic was 36.1%, which is higher than the levels observed nationwide. Second, individuals involved in telework and those working under flexible arrangements were more highly interested in moving to rural areas than those who commute to work. Third, among people engaged in telework, life satisfaction diminished immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the period before this crisis. After two years of the pandemic, however, life satisfaction among this group improved. Changes in working arrangements due to the pandemic can be expected to promote migration, as well as help revitalize regions and encourage the discovery of new lifestyles.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-133
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• 1993

Based on the Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation this study was to investi-gate the intercorrelations among and the relative magnitutide of variables associated with diffe-rent levels of adaptation to conflict with mothers-in-law reported by daughter-in-law. Frequency of conflict was selected as a stressor(aA) Resource factor(bB) in this study was self-efficacy. Four types of blame(self-behavior self-character other people and impersonal world blame) were selected as perception factors(cC). The adaptation factors(xX) were the level of daughter-in-law's psychological well-being and marital adjustment. Data for this research were questionnaire responses from 151 daughters-in-law who lived in Seoul. The results of correlational analyses indicated that most variables were significantly correlated with each other. In addition results of the path analysis on daughter-in-law's psychological well-being indicated that higher scores on the psychological well-being were significantly associa-ted with(a) greater self-behavior blame for the conflict and (b) less ascription of blame to the impersonal world. Frequency of conflict influenced psychological well-being indirectly th-rough self-behavior blame and impersonal blame both of which were also found to mediate the effect of self-efficacy on the level of psychological well-being. However although all indepen-dent variables were significantly correlated with marital adjustment no variables had direct effects on marital adjustment.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.53-78
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• 2021

The concept of household labor is composed of housework and family care, and it provides a framework for understanding daily life from the perspective of work-life balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the household labor time of Korean adults by gender and generation over the last 20 years. Data was taken from the five Statistics Korea Life Time Surveys from 1999 (t1) to 2019 (t5) (n=69,196). The major results are as follows: first, gender and generation were found to have a significant relationship with household labor time over the study period. Household labor time for females was 3.8 times that of males in 1999, but females' household labor time decreased over the next 20 years while males' increased, including both housework and family care. The female participation rate in household work also remained steady, while that for males increased. Second, in the younger and middle generations, a similar gender and generational pattern was seen. Third, in the older generation, household time and participation rates for both females and males increased. The family welfare policy and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.53-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the working married women's perception on the effect of work on household economy. The household economy was examined in three aspects; income, assets, and consumption patterns, along with the contribution and the satisfaction of working married women with respect to their income by work Four hundred thirty working married women with the first child of less than middle school were surveyed, with questionnaires from March 25 to April 22 of 2005, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results were as follows: the reasons of working married women for work were making an affluent living, showing their ability, wanting for work, and making a living in order. The perceived degree of their income contribution to household income was on the average about $42.53\%$. They perceived the spending in time-saving consumption items, child-rearing consumption items, and personal consumption items to be decreased, if they were not working. Their work was helpful in saving, insurance and investment, debt payment, money for old life, money for housing, money for emergency. About $69\%$ of working married women perceived their income contribution to their household income as being high.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2009

Korean medical fee contract system between the insurer and healthproviders was introduced in 2000. However, a continuous discord among contracting parties concerned and an irrational operation of an arbitration committee of Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (MIHWAF) have made it difficult for them to reach to an agreement over last 8 years. The purpose of this study is to observe the current problems of contract system from the view of health insurance law and actual examples. Furthermore, I examined the of breakdown of negotiation by analyzing the eligibility of contracting parties, rationality of Resource Based Relative Value System (RBRVS) and contracting method and fairness of arbitration method in case of negotiation rupture. The results were as follows: First, since the introduction of medical fee contract system, there has been a problem in that both the president of National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) and health care provider association have not held strong negotiation power. Second, the frequent changes and notifications of Relative Value Units (RVUs) without any mutual consent between the insurer and provider association negatively have influenced the conversion factors and finally hindered the agreement of contract. Third, a current process that the conversion factors are mediated and determined at the arbitration committee of MIHWAF in the case of contract breakdown between contracting parties has some flaw in that the irrational composition of committee provoked the lack of fairness and objectivity of mediation. Fourth, we can not prospect a satisfactory outcome of arbitration committee because the mediation always has failed to proceed smoothly due to boycott of both committee members from insurer and providers over last 8 years. As a result, we have to make an every effort to resolve problems mentioned above and then dream of an advanced national health insurance system.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.433-448
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze two subject competencies (practical problem-solving capability and independent life capability) reflected in the activity tasks included in the 'home life and safety' area of 12 middle school technology-home economics textbooks in accordance with the 2015 revised curriculum. The analysis criteria were sub-elements of two subject competencies. Seven sub-elements were derived from each competency. Frequency analysis was performed to determine how often the sub-elements were reflected in the activity tasks. The results were as follows. First, with regard to the sub-elements of 'practical problem-solving capability', 'value judgment' was reflected most frequently in the activity tasks followed by 'exemplification of solution', 'logical thinking', 'critical thinking', 'decision-making', 'practical reasoning', and 'evaluation of solutions'. Secondly, the sub-elements of 'independent life capability' were unevenly distributed in the activity tasks. The 'capability to perform conscious living' was reflected most frequently followed by 'development and self-identity', 'time, money, and leisure management', and 'reasonable consumption and resource utilization'. For teachers wanting to teach activity-oriented classes and student participatory classes, the results pinpoint the materials necessary to develop learners' subject competencies by using textbooks from different publishing companies.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-34
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aims to identify the influence of individual, parental, workplace, and policy variables on the intention of marriage of unmarried workers. The results of the study can be used as a basis to come up with policy and practical measures to increase these workers' intention of marriage. Methods : Data was collected from 480 participants through a questionnaire. The measuring tools in this study were tested for reliability and validity. In addition, technical statistics, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed by SPSS 18.0. Results : First, unmarried workers' willingness to marry was higher above the average. Second, significant differences in the unmarried workers' intention of marriage were revealed based on gender, age, level of education, total assets, and debt status. Significant associations were also found with parents' economic levels and the possibility of parental support for housing and marriage expenses. The differences in response based on employment patterns, job satisfaction, and family-friendly organizational culture were also significant. The correlation between policy variables and marriage intentions also showed the necessity of a funded housing policy and a marriage preparation policy. Third, based on the hierarchical regression analysis using personal, parental, and workplace variables to identify the factors affecting unmarried workers' willingness to marry, it is clear that gender, age, and the likelihood of parental support for housing and marriage expenses have a significant impact. A family-friendly organizational culture and funded housing policy were also significant contributors. Conclusion : The study found that the funded housing policy was the most important factor affecting unmarried office workers' willingness to marry. Additionally, the possibility of parental support for housing and marriage expenses and a family-friendly organizational culture at work were found to have an important impact on the improvement of unmarried workers' willingness to marry.