• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose an efficient SA(simulated annealing) algorithm for the synthesis of binary phase computer generated hologram. SA algorithm is a method to find the optimal solution through iterative technique. It is important that selecting cost function and parameters within this algorithm. The aplications of converentional SA algorithm to synthesize parameters within this algorithm. The applications of conventional SA algorithm to synthesize binary hologram have many problems because of inappropriate paramters and cost function. So, we propose a new cost function and a calculation technique of proper parameters required to achieve the optimal solution. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method is better than conventional method in terms of diffraction efficiency and reconstruction error. Also, we show the reconstructed images by the proposed method through optical esperiment.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

The exciplex fluorescence technique with the TMPD (tetamethyl-Ρ-phenylene-diamine) / naphthalene dopant system was applied in a combustion-type constant-volume spray chamber. A detailed set of calibration experiments has been performed in order to quantify the TMPD fluorescence signal. It has been demonstrated that the TMPD fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to concentration, was independent of the chamber pressure, and was not sensitive to quenching by either water vapor or carbon dioxide. Using a dual heated-jet experiment, the temperature dependence of TMPD fluorescence up to 1000 K was measured. The temperature field in the spray images was determined using a simple mixing model, and an iterative solution method was used to determine the concentration and temperature field including the additional effects of the laser sheet extinction. The integrated fuel vapor concentration compared favorably with the measured amount of injected fuel when all of the liquid fuel had evaporated.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.99-109
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• 1998

This paper describes the analysis of flow and aeroacoustic field around a car-like body. The governing equations, 3-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, are solved with the iterative time marching scheme. The Chimera grid technique has been applied to efficiently simulate the flow around the side-view mirror, After the flow field analysis has been converged, the aerodynamic noise analysis of the side-view mirror has been performed by solving Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation. From the present numerical simulation, the A- and C-pillar vortex are evidently shown and the aerodynamic noise level induced by the side-view mirror is predicted to about 100dB.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2006

Maintenance scheduling of generating units (MSU) has strategic dimension in an oligopolistic market. Strategic MSU of gencos can affect a market power through capacity withdrawal which is related to bidding strategy in an generation wholesale market. This paper presents a combined framework that models the interrelation between competitive bidding and strategic MSU. The combined game model is represented as some sub-optimization problems of a market operator (MO) and gencos, that should be solved through bi-level optimization scheme. The gradient method with dual variables is also adopted to calculate a Nash Equilibrium (NE) by an iterative update technique in this paper. Illustrative numerical example shows that NE of a supply function equilibrium is obtained properly by using proposed solution technique. The MSU made by MO is compared with that by each genco and that under perfect competition market.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.636-642
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• 2012

Delay-and-sum (DAS) Planar Beamforming has been a widely used Noise Source Identification Technique for the last decade. It is a quick one shot measurement technique being able to map sources that are larger than the array itself. The spatial resolution is proportional to distance between array and source, and inversely proportional to wavelength, thus the resolution is only good at medium to high frequencies. Improved algorithms using iterative de-convolution techniques offers up to ten times better resolution. The principle behind these techniques is described in this paper, as well as measurement examples from the automotive industry are presented.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

In this paper, under saturated traffic condition in a single-hop wireless sensor network, we present an analytic model that evaluates the performance of asynchronous MAC protocol which uses a preamble technique. Our model considers the impact of several important factors such as sleep cycle, the backoff mechanism and the number of contending nodes. After obtaining the cumulative backoff time of a sending node and expected delay of a receiving node, an iterative algorithm is presented for calculating the performance measures such as expected energy consumption usage per packet and latency. Simulation results show that the proposed analytic model can accurately estimate the performance measures under saturated traffic conditions.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.590-595
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• 1996

The robust control technique is generally the iterative design method to determine a robust control for perturbed system with prescribed range of perturbation based on the robust stability measure. However, robot manipulator has the structured pertubation and the unstructured one. This paper proposes the robust technique for designing controller such that the trajectory of end-effector of robot manipulator tracks asymptotically the desired trajectory for all allowable variations in the manipulator's parameter. For satisfying asymptotical stability though we can not know the bound of perturbations and the parameter variations, the relation between the unknown parameter and the parameter of nominal system can be derived from Krasovskii theorem and we construct the new robust control using that relation. (author). 12 refs., 6 figs.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.679-685
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• 2017

환자의 병변 진단에 효과적인 CT 검사가 광범위하게 실시되고 있어, 방사선 피폭이 매우 크게 증가하였다. 환자의 피폭 선량을 줄이기 위해 다양한 방법이 강구되고 있고, 영상재구성 측면에서 반복 재구성 기법이 적용되고 있다. 반복 재구성 기법 중 대수적 재구성 기법의 정규화 인자에 대한 재구성된 단면 영상의 품질을 정규화 제곱평균제곱근 오차를 이용하여 조사하였다. 프로그램은 Visual C++로 작성하였으며 평행빔하에서 $512{\times}512$ 크기의 Shepp-Logan 두부 팬텀, 360장의 투영 영상, 1024개의 검출기 픽셀을 적용하였고, 전방투영과 역투영에 Joseph 방법을 사용하였다. 0.09-0.12의 정규화 인자에서 10회 반복으로 최소의 NRMS값 0.108을 얻었고 0.1% 및 0.2%의 잡음에 대해 8회 및 6회에서 최적의 영상을 보였다. 사용하는 팬텀에 따라 최적화된 값의 변동이 관찰되어 ART를 사용할 경우 정규화 인자에 대해서는 case-by-case로 최적의 값을 찾아야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 대수적 재구성 기법에서 최적의 정규화 인자를 발견함으로써 단면 영상을 획득하는데 걸리는 시간을 단축할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2008

Researchers have investigated many upper bound techniques applicable to error probabilities on the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance of turbo-like codes and low density parity check (LDPC) codes in recent years for a long codeword block size. This is because it is trivial for a short codeword block size. Previous research efforts, such as the simple bound technique [20] recently proposed, developed upper bounds for LDPC codes and turbo-like codes using ensemble codes or the uniformly interleaved assumption. This assumption bounds the performance averaged over all ensemble codes or all interleavers. Another previous research effort [21] obtained the upper bound of turbo-like code with a particular interleaver using a truncated union bound which requires information of the minimum Hamming distance and the number of codewords with the minimum Hamming distance. However, it gives the reliable bound only in the region of the error floor where the minimum Hamming distance is dominant, i.e., in the region of high signal-to-noise ratios. Therefore, currently an upper bound on ML decoding performance for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix cannot be calculated because of heavy complexity so that only average bounds for ensemble codes can be obtained using a uniform interleaver assumption. In this paper, we propose a new bound technique on ML decoding performance for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix using ML estimated weight distributions and we also show that the practical iterative decoding performance is approximately suboptimal in ML sense because the simulation performance of iterative decoding is worse than the proposed upper bound and no wonder, even worse than ML decoding performance. In order to show this point, we compare the simulation results with the proposed upper bound and previous bounds. The proposed bound technique is based on the simple bound with an approximate weight distribution including several exact smallest distance terms, not with the ensemble distribution or the uniform interleaver assumption. This technique also shows a tighter upper bound than any other previous bound techniques for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2019

Tracking the location (position) of a surface or underwater marine vehicle is important as part of guidance and navigation. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) works well in an open sea environment but its use is limited whenever testing scaled-down models of such vehicles in the laboratory environment. This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a low energy ultrasonic augmented single beacon-based localization technique suitable for such requirements. The strategy consists of applying Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to achieve location tracking from basic dynamic distance measurements of the moving model from a fixed beacon, while on-board motion sensor measures heading angle and velocity. Iterative application of the Extended Kalman Filter yields x and y co-ordinate positions of the moving model. Tests performed on a free-running ship model in a wave basin facility of dimension 30 m by 30 m by 3 m water depth validate the proposed model. The test results show quick convergence with an error of few centimeters in the estimated position of the ship model. The proposed technique has application in the real field scenario by replacing the ultrasonic sensor with industrial grade long range acoustic modem. As compared with the existing systems such as LBL, SBL, USBL and others localization techniques, the proposed technique can save deployment cost and also cut the cost on number of acoustic modems involved.