• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.273-286
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing the attitude and the knowledge level of elementary school in-service and pre-service teachers' on the modem environmental issues, and to implement it. The results of this study could be summarized as following. First, the instrument for attitude was developed as a Likert-type scale, it was constituted of 30 items through the item-chosen processes to improve the validity and reliability. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the attitude instrument was .899. Second, The instrument for knowledge was developed as a multiple-choice form with 와 distracts, and the final version was constituted of 35 items. The average discrimination, difficulty, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the items were .367, .629, .899, respectively. Third, in-service elementary teachers have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than pre-service teachers. However, in-service teachers 'knowledge level was lower than pre-service teachers'. Fourth, women have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than men. However, there was no difference significantly between men and women on knowledge level. Fifth, This process of developing the instrument could be provided as a model for future research which will try to develop instruments for assessing attitude or knowledge of any new areas with constructs.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.193-213
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide a standard job description for a nutrition teacher placed in primary and secondary schools by analyzing their duties. DACUM is an acronym for 'Developing A CUrriculuM'. It was used by experts to determine the job duties, tasks and task elements to establish the job descriptions of a nutrition teachers through the development of a DACUM chart. An expert panel consisting of 10 nutrition teachers participated in a DACUM workshop and derived nutrition teacher's DACUM chart. A total of 1,550 nutrition teachers across the country were targeted as the survey subjects for validation of the DACUM chart through their perception of the frequency, importance, and difficulty of each item in the job description. A tree structure, criticality analysis, and contents validity index were added for verification. The definition of the nutrition teacher's job and DACUM chart with 5 duties, 28 tasks, and 107 task elements were derived by the DACUM method. The definition of a nutrition teacher was 'A teacher who is responsible for food service management and nutrition education and counseling for health promotion and disease prevention for students in primary and secondary schools'. The validation results of the tree structure were the priorities of the 28 tasks with ranks 1 and 2. Because there was no third priority, it was considered to be a good representation of the tasks of nutrition teachers. The DACUM chart was found to be evenly distributed with relative importances of more than 17 or less than 11 through the criticality analysis. Since the C5-4 (Conduct simulation exercise against food poisoning)'s content validity index was significantly less than the reference value of 0.78, it was not included in the final job description. 5 duties, 28 tasks, 102 task elements were included in the final job description of a nutrition teacher.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.359-374
• /
• 2014

증명 학습과 관련하여 학생들이 경험하는 어려움과 오류는 수학교육계의 난제라 할 만하다. 증명에 대한 형식적 학습이 이루어지는 기하 영역에서뿐만 아니라 대수 증명에 대해서도 문자식의 처리나 일반성의 파악과 관련하여 어려움의 요소는 도처에서 발견된다. 본 연구에서는 두 3의 배수의 합은 3의 배수라는 명제에 대한 문자식을 포함한 증명에서 학생들이 증명의 문맥을 적절하게 이해하는가를 알아보는 데 초점을 둔다. 중학교 3학년 학생 24명을 대상으로 하여 증명 과정에 문자식이 포함되며 결론 부분은 빈 칸으로 생략되어 있는 증명을 제시하고 그 증명이 어떤 명제에 대한 증명인지 알아보도록 한 결과 반 이상의 학생이 문자식 자체에 근거하여 부적절한 응답을 하였다. 나아가 그 중 임의 추출한 세 명을 개별 면담함으로써 사고 특징을 조사하였다. 대수 증명을 식의 성립을 보이는 것으로 간주하는 증명관, 증명 수행과 이해에서의 문자식 해석의 괴리 등을 비롯한 사고 특징을 파악하고 그로부터 교육적 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.23-42
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods : Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated the subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results : From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions : These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 초등학교 보건교사를 대상으로 이미 개발된 직무분석의 측정도구에 대한 구성타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하기 위한 연구이다. 초등학교 보건교사 305명을 대상으로 50문항으로 구성된 직무분석 설문지를 사용하여 확인적 요인분석을 통해 이미 개발된 도구의 구성타당도와 신뢰도를 재검증하였다. 총 50문항은 8개의 하위척도로 구성되었으며, 4개의 요인구조를 가지고 있었다. 4개의 요인구조는 설문 기준에 따라 중요도, 수행빈도, 난이도로 분류되었으나, 중요도는 건강증진에 대한 중요도가 하나의 새로운 항목 요인으로 분류되었다. 모델의 적합도는 ${\chi}^2$ 검정결과 통계량은 3.664 (df=246, p<0.001), RMSEA=0.09, NFI=0.85, CFI=0.88로 나타났다. 하위척도의 내적일치도 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$는 0.88~0.96이었다. 본 연구를 통해 초등학교 보건교사의 직무분석 도구는 측정 도구로 타당하고 신뢰성 있는 도구임을 확인하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Although emergency care is one of the most important capabilities for novice nurses, many novice nurses have shown difficulty in emergency care in the clinical field. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence data for the future development of educational programs by analyzing the priorities in emergency care of novice nurses using the Importance-Performance Analysis. Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive survey. The participants were 197 novice nurses who worked in general hospitals from August 1 to 31, 2018. The questionnaire consisted of 'common emergency care', 'cardiovascular emergency care', 'nervous system emergency care', 'respiratory system emergency care', 'communication and teamwork competency'. Results: As a result of this study, 'communication and teamwork' among emergency cares was evaluated as the most important capability in the clinical field. In the Importance-Performance Analysis, a total of 12 items were included in the quadrant A, including 5 items related to 'cardiovascular emergency care', 4 items to 'respiratory system emergency care', 2 items to 'nervous system emergency care' and 1 item to 'common emergency care'. The results showed a need for intensive improvement in items included in quadrant A which are the high importance low performance items. Conclusion: In order to improve the emergency care of novice nurses, a variety of emergency care education programs on the nervous system and respiratory system care should be implemented as well as cardiovascular emergency care education.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.5-46
• /
• 1989

The current medical payment Insurance Rates in Korea stipulate charges for medical treatment by the doctor, pharmaceutist, medical technician and maternity nurse. But unfortunately didn't specify those charges for nursing done by the professional nurse. Only basic nursing fee is accounted insufficiently in current medical insurance fee schedule. therefore, Being face with covering entire people by medical insurance by 1991, It seems that the problems pertaining to operating the hospital and medical insurance system would be incessantly expanded in that no mention is made of medical charges rendered by major medical producer service in the current system, For that reason, this study made an attempt to clarify the importance the professional nursing puts of the current medical payment. The purpose of this study was to accounting nursing fee which diveded into the current medical fee schedule. (Method) 1. Data collection; Importance and difficulties in nursing activities was conducted in 'S' National University Hospital. Total nursing activities were selected 72 items which included direct care and indirect care. This study was conducted to evaluating the degree of importance and difficulties according to nursing activities through questionnaire to 204 RN. and so relative difficulties (acuity) were computered because the nursing cost level of each nursing service was differently established by the equivalent coefficient according to degree of relative difficulty and time required. 2. Calculation of cost according to nursing activities; After 47 nursing activities were selected in General surgery nursing units, calculation of nursing cost was as follows Cost of Nursing activity = (relative difficulty X Average hourly wage and benefits of nurse) + material cost of nursing -t- Average nursing administration cost So, Calculated cost by nursing activities was compared to current non-insured and insurance rate. 3. Calculation of nursing cost by K - DRG ; Total of 578 patients who were hospitalized in General Surgery units from January to March 1988 ware classified by K - DRG After estimation of total nursing cost based on the K-DRG, verified the appropriateness of basic nursing fee in medical insurance rate (Results) 1. Analysis of degree of importance and difficulties were 4.16 and 3.67 based on 5 point scale. This score were judged that it is worthy specifying the nursing fee 2. The nursing cost of 47 nursing service items in general surgery patients showed that the average cost of nursing activity was \1374.5 and The lowest cost was \217 of 'oral administration nursing' item, The highest cost was \11,025 of 'saline enematill clear' item 3. The result of comparison between the calculated cost by nursing activities against the current non-insured and insurance rate showed that 13 items(27.7%) involved to payment of insurance rate, 9 items(19.1%) involved to non-insured rate, remainder 25 items (53.2%) were not charged anywhere of total 47 nursing activities 4. When calculated cost by nursing activities was 100. current insurance rate was 62.3, non-insured rate was 176.6. Therefore this showed that most of non-insured rate were higher than calculated nursing cost. The insurance rate, however, were lower than it. Reim-bursement was imputed to non-insured patients. So the current rate system became estrainged from cost system. When Remainder 25 items of nursing activities compared' to \1390 of daily basic nursing fee per patient belonged to payment as a insurance fee schedule, basic nursing fee schedule was 1-2% of calculated cost of nursing activities. Therefore it showed that nursing fee was not counted adequately in it. 5. Nursing cost by K-DRG estimated in chart review based on counting number of nursing activities and length of stay The result showed that average amount of total nursing cost was \183828.1 Comparison of nursing cost calculated by K- DRG and basic nursing fee schedule showed that only 12.3% of nursing cost was charged (Conclusion) From the above research result, It is fact that nursing prime cost should be estimated more accurately and included adequately in current medical payment system. The payment system of nursing activities should be introduced not only nursing activities of drug administration and injection fee belonged to insurance fee schedule but also most nursing activities belonged not to mekical fee schedule. Even if introducing payment system of nursing activities, It should be estimated scientific method of Accounting nursing cost So nurses could offer nursing care of good quality, thereby they could make a great contribution not merely to the convalescence of the patient but to the promotion of the people's health.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2014

국내 신축 공동주택 건설은 2002년 11% 이상의 증가를 기록한 후 매년 3~4% 대의 꾸준한 증가추세를 보이고 있다. 최근 공공부문의 아파트 신축공사 현장에서 폐기물 분리발주제도에 의한 최초 발주물량과 실제 발생물량의 과다한 차이가 발주자와 수급인 사이에서 빈번하게 논란을 일으키고 있다. 이에 대해서는 현장 환경관리 미흡, 초기 계약물량의 과소 등 다양한 원인이 제기되고 있으며, 특히 건설폐기물 수량 예측에 적용되는 발생원단위 기준에 대한 개정 요구가 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 대부분의 현행 원단위는 2000년대 초에 수립되어 기술 발전에 따라 새롭게 적용되는 자재와 공법으로 인한 폐기물 발생 유형과 수량의 변화를 반영하지 못한다는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 보다 정밀한 신축아파트 폐기물 발생 원단위를 개발하기 위한 기초작업으로서 현장의 공종별 폐기물 발생 유형과 수량 예측방법을 명확히 하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2010년에서 2013년 사이에 착공한 신축 아파트 10개 현장의 건축공사 내역서를 확보하고, 건설폐기물 전문가와 현장 폐기물관리 담당자의 의견을 반영하여 각 내역항목에서 발생가능한 폐기물 유형과 실질 할증률을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 가설공사부터 지급자재부문까지의 건축공사 내역항목별로 정리한 폐기물 발생여부와 유형, 수량예측 시 반영여부, 손실률 등의 자료는 향후 보다 현실적인 데이터에 근거한 간접추계방식의 원단위 개발에 기여할 것이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제19B권3호
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2012

최근 사용자들이 생성한 콘텐츠들이 크게 늘어나고 커뮤니티 기반 웹 사이트가 발전함으로 인하여 사용자들에게 인터넷 자원을 추천하는 시스템이 큰 각광을 받고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 인터넷 자원 추천 시스템들은 사용자의 특징을 충분하게 반영하지 못하는 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 사용자의 특징이 충분히 반영되는 자원의 추천을 위하여 FOAF와 SNA를 사용한 추천 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 1) FOAF를 통해 사용자의 특징 데이터와 태그 데이터를 취득한다. 2) 취득한 데이터를 세 종류의 행렬에 삽입하고 통합한 후 사용자, 사용자의 특징, 태그를 나타내는 그래프를 생성한다. 3) 소셜 네트워크 분석을 통해 추천 항목의 일반 특징과 핫태그(Hot tag)를 선정하여 인터넷 자원을 추천한다. 본 논문의 검증을 위하여 우리는 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 방법과 아이템 기반 추천 방법을 비교하였다. 이를 통해 보다 많은 사용자가 참여할수록 아이템 기반 추천 방법보다 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에 의한 추천 결과의 품질이 우수함을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 활용하면 사용자들에게 보다 적합한 자원을 추천하는 것이 가능하다. 그리고 제안하는 방법은 폭발적으로 늘어나는 인터넷 자원을 검색하는데 있어 효율적으로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.472-482
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 최근 7개년(2011~2017학년도)의 수학교과내용학 기출문항 가운데 이산수학 문항을 분석대상 문항으로 분류하고, 수학과 임용시험 문항 분석틀을 기반으로 분류된 문항을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 한국교육과정평가원이 제시한 이산수학 평가 영역 및 평가 내용 요소가 고르게 출제될 필요가 있다. 둘째, 인지적 방법의 활용에 대한 전략적 지식인 메타인지적 지식(Metacognitive Knowledge)을 측정하는 문항도 출제되어야 한다. 셋째, 이산수학의 출제 비중은 문항 수로는 비율이 3.8%~6.8%이고, 배점에 따른 비율은 이 보다 낮은 2.2%~6.3% 사이로 출제되었다. 넷째, 모든 문항이 평가 목표에 적합하고 교육과정을 성실하게 이행한 예비 수학교사라면 해결 할 수 있도록 적정한 난도가 유지된 것으로 분석된다. 다섯째, 임용시험 문항과 각 사범대학 수학교육과에 개설된 이산수학 교육과정의 세는 방법, 점화관계와 생성함수, 그래프 등의 내용요소가 일치하고 있어 예비 교사의 학습 동기 부여에 기여하고 있다는 결론과 시사점을 얻었다.