• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 1998

This study was carried out in order to confirm the reliability and validity of the commitment inventory developed by Meyer and Allen, and to investigate commitment level of health manager, to compare two different professionals of health manager such as industrial health nurse and industrial hygienist to find out some characteristics that have effect on commitment. This survey was done by self-administered questionnaire to 227 respondents as the trainees of Industrial Safety Training Center, KISCO from June to December 1996. Authors classified commitment into two categories ; professional commitment and organizational commitment, and these two types of commitments have three different aspects ; affective, continuance, and normative commitment based on Meyer's inventory. The results were as follows; 1. Items of whole scales of the both type of commitments have three factors that represent three aspects of commitment ; affective, continuance, and normative commitment. This means that each type of commitment was reliable to use as measurement tool of three different aspects of commitment. Classification of items by factor analysis was more consistent in professional commitment than organizational commitment. Among 16 items of organizational commitment, four items were classified into different aspects of commitment with similar factor loading. 2. Commitment level of industrial health nurse was higher than that of industrial hygienist in affective, continuance professional commitment controlled by other characteristics. These differences can be due to other characteristics of specific task and background of health managers that were not used in this study. 3. The level of affective professional commitment was statistically different in age, sex, educational level, and that of organizational commitment was statistically different in only two variables such as age, and job tenure. The level of continuance professional and organizational commitments were different in sex group, but past history of employment have effect on continuance organizational commitment. The level of normative organizational commitment was affected by only age. As the above results, the tools of measurement of commitment developed by Meyer and Allen can be useful to measure the level of commitment of health manager. Three aspects of two types of commitments were influenced by different characteristics of health manager. Authors suggested future study on the affecting variables to the commitment such as background, task of health manager and organizational characteristics.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide emission estimation methods consist of four tiers according to the IPCC guideline. In this study, estimated results by tier 3 and tier 4 were compared with the theoretically calculated $CO_2$ emissions based on the mass balance approach for a gas fired power plant between March and May 2011. It was found that the relative differences were upto 17% between the measured emissions by tier 4 and theoretically estimated emissions, while the results of tier 3 were similar to those from theoretically estimated ones. The comparisons suggested the possibility of misestimation due to replacing missing, abnormal, or invalid data in continuous emissions monitoring system. When using only the data without those missing, abnormal, or invalid data, the relative differences decreased somewhat but still showed consistent differences depending on the stack. It is suggested that this differences might be due to the accuracy of the measurement instruments for the tier 4, especially, for the flow rate measurement instrument.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2010

Objectives : To introduce and compare various headache measurement tools, in order to provide fundamental information for future clinical trials and development of oriental medicine measurement tools. Methods : Eight headache assessment scales, Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire(MQoLQ), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life(MSQOL), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire(MSQ), The Headache Impact Questionnaire(HImQ), Headcahe Needs Assessment Survey(HANA), Henry Ford Headache disability Inventory(HDI), Migraine Disablity Assessment Scale(MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test(HIT-6), were searched through Pubmed. General character, the process of development, verification of reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness to patient's change and validity were reviewed. Results : In assessing the quality of life of migraine patients, MQoLQ can be used to measure the change within 24 hours, MSQ and MSQOL can be used to measure the change during a relatively longer period of time. The frequency and bothersomeness of headache can be easily measured by HANA. HImQ can be used to measure the intensity of headache and the influence on normal daily activities. HDI can measure the emotional difficulties of headache patients. HIT-6 and MIDAS makes measurements possible in a short period of time, and the reliability and validity have been verified numerously. HIT-6 and MIDAS are the most frequently used measurement tools because they are simple and easy for both the assessor and the patient to understand and use. Conclusions : In this study, various headache assessment tools have been reviewed. The assessed tools were widely used after being verified for their reliability and validity. We hope this study provides fundamental information in establishing future clinical trial and clinical practice guidelines. We also hope this study to contribute to the development of an oriental medicine assessment tool for headache.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.783-801
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various measures available for assessment of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXLIPN) and to evaluate the measurement properties of each assessment tool. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify existing measures for OXLIPN found in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, RISS and KoreaMed. The quality of the 24 identified tools was evaluated based on their properties of measurement including content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, floor-ceiling effects and interpretability. Results: Ten (41.7%) of the 24 tools were identified as specific measures for assessing OXLIPN and the most popular type of measures were clinical grading systems by clinicians (58.3%) and only 29.2% of measures were identified as patient reported outcomes. The most frequently used tool was National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC), but the validity of NCI-CTC has not been reported appropriately. Overall, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) received the best psychometric scores, and the Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynaecologic Oncology Group-neurotoxicity-12 (FACT/GOG-Ntx-12) followed NPSI. Conclusion: To select appropriate measure, evidences should be accumulated through the clinical use of tools. Therefore, practitioner and researchers are urged to report relevant statistics required for the validation of the currently used measures for assessment of OXLIPN.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1994

The cutaneous stimulation is an independent nursing intervention used in various painful conditions, and is explained by gate control theory. This study was aimed at identifying the effect of cutaneous stimulation on reduction of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of hemodialysis patients. One group repeated measurement post test research was designed. Forty-five hemodialysis patients who received arteriovenous fistula puncture regulary in hemodialysis units of an attacted D hospital to K university have been studied from August 16 to 21, 1993. First the arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of control period was measured, and then the arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) was measured. The instrument used for this study were visual analogue pain scale as subjective pain measurement, objective pain behavior checklist and Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory as intervening variables. Analysis of data was done by use of paired t-test, t-test, ANOVA and Perarson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) The first hypothesis that the subjective pain score of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was partly supported. The subjective pain score of arterial line was rejected(paired t=-0.28, p=0.77) and the subjective pain score of venous line was supported(paired t=2.61, p=0.01). 2) The second hypothesis that the objective pain behavior score of arteriovenous fistula pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was rejected(arterial line paired t=-0.45, p=0.65; venous line paired t=-0.36, p=0.72). 3) The third hypothesis that the cardiopulmonary signs of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was rejected(pulse paired t=-0.8, p=0.42; systolic BP paired t=0.98, p=0.33; diastolic BP paired t=0.43, p=0.66). Further experimental studies with simple intravenous injection patients will be recommended in order to identify the effect of cutaneous stimulation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the mediating effect of family support in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women admitted to the maternal-fetal intensive care unit (MFICU) in Korea. Methods: The participants were high-risk pregnant women with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks who were admitted to MFICUs in Busan and Yangsan. The Korean versions of four measurement tools were used for the self-report questionnaire: Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Cobb's family support measurement, and Cranley's maternal-fetal attachment scale. Data were collected from June 22 to September 20, 2020. Out of 124 participants, data from 123 respondents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were done. Results: The average age of participants was 34.1 years. Their anxiety level was moderate (43.57±11.65 points out of 80) and 53.6% were identified as having moderate depression (average 10.13±5.48 points out of 30). Family support was somewhat high (average 43.30±5.03 points out of 55). The average score of maternal-fetal attachment was also somewhat high (73.37±12.14 points out of 96). Family support had a partial mediating effect in the relationships of anxiety and depression with maternal-fetal attachment among high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU. Conclusion: Maintaining family support is challenging due to the nature of the MFICU. Considering the mediating effect of family support, establishing an intervention plan to strengthen family support can be helpful as a way to improve maternal-fetal attachment for high-risk pregnant women admitted to the MFICU.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.8-13
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a throughput costing as a performance measurement tool to measure cost indicators, which are one of the indicators for evaluating organizational performance in a smart factory manufacturing environment. An empirical study by questionnaire was conducted, and 60 experts were surveyed to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the information provided based on throughput costing is helpful in cost measurement and in evaluating organizational performance efficiency and effectiveness, and it was confirmed that this method has usefulness to support the planning and control process. It is proposed that the use of throughput costing by constraint theory, which can maximize throughput and optimize inventory levels in the manufacturing process, can find solutions to bottlenecks affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational performance.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate the exhaust emission factors of agricultural tractors. Engine characteristics and three exhaust emissions (CO, NO_x, PM) were collected under actual agricultural operating conditions. Experiments were performed on idling, driving, plow tillage, and rotary tillage. The load factor (LF) was calculated using the collected engine data, and the emission factor was analyzed using the LF and exhaust emissions. The engine characteristics and exhaust emissions were significantly different for each working condition, and in particular, the LF was significantly different from the currently applied 0.48 LF. The data distribution of exhaust emissions was different depending on the engine speed. In some conditions, the emission factor was higher than the exhaust emission standards. However, since most emission limit standards are values calculated using an engine dynamometer, even if the emission factor measured under actual working conditions is higher, it cannot be regarded as wrong. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for the inventory construction of a calculation for domestic agricultural machinery emissions in the future.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.243-257
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze trends in research on depression among medical students in Korea and to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the average correlation coefficients between depression and related variables. In total, 38 quantitative studies (four theses and 34 journal articles) published between January 1995 and February 2023 were analyzed according to publication year, subjects, analysis methods, and measurement tools. Among them, 15 studies that provided numerical information on the relationships between depression and variables such as self-esteem, social support, grade point average (GPA), stress, and academic stress were selected for meta-analysis. The main findings of this study were as follows. First, quantitative research on depression among medical students began in earnest in 2009, and cross-sectional studies targeting first-year and second-year medical students were the most prevalent. Furthermore, the most commonly used analysis method was difference testing, and the Beck Depression Inventory was the most frequently used measurement tool. Second, the mean correlation coefficients between depression and stress, self-esteem, social support, academic stress, and GPA were 0.534, 0.532, 0.465, 0.390, and 0.102, respectively. The results for self-esteem, stress, and academic stress showed substantial heterogeneity, while those for social support and GPA showed little heterogeneity. These findings suggest that educational interventions, such as social support improvement programs, are necessary to prevent depression among medical students.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intraoperative level of caring and anxiety among patients who underwent spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Methods: The study participants included 162 patients who had spinal surgery under local anesthesia at a general hospital in B metropolitan city between July 20 and September 20, 2014. To measure the caring behaviors of patients under local anesthesia, we used the Caring Behavior Measurement, and state anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using a SAS program. The differences in anxiety levels based on participants' characteristics were analyzed with t-test and an analysis of variance. The correlation between levels of caring and anxiety was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Education and caring levels showed significant relationship with the anxiety level of patients with spinal surgery under local anesthesia. Conclusion: To decrease the level of anxiety in patients undergoing spinal surgery under local anesthesia, it is necessary to educate and train operating nurses about the intra-operative caring behavior.