• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Objectives : The aerial parts of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RF) is used by traditional clinics to treat parasite infection in East asia. This study aims a verification of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of RF methanol extract. Methods : Anti-oxidative effects of RF were measured by scavenging activities of DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite radicals. And also scavenging activities of anti-oxidation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells were measured. The inhibitory effects against the production of inflammatory mediators including NO, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by RF were tested. Results : RF scavenged DPPH, superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite radicals, and RF (at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) reduced the inflammatory mediators definitely. Conclusions : These results indicate that RF may be a potential drug source for oxidative stress related inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1970

A large variety of weed killers, insecticides, and bactericiedes on the market today are of almost infinite variety, but their pharmacological effects are different from each other according to the objects to cope with. Therefore, it is hoped that some chemical substance which serves as weed killer, an insecticide, and a bactericede at a same time, should be synthesized, in order to save expense and labor. I anticipated that the desire would be met by introducing to a molecule the radical which has the three effects. Here, I made an attempt of introducing $Cl_2$ gas to aniline considering the following respects: 1. Introduction velocity of $Cl_2$ gas under the varied temeratures and velocities of $Cl_2$ gas 2. The effect of reaction period under the condition which gives the most satisfactory yield. 3. The actions of catalysts, $SbCl_3$, $FeCl_3$, and $MoCl_5$, and their proportions when a mixture of the three catalysts is used in producing 2,6-dichloro-aniline. After consideration of above phenomena, the maximum production rate of 79.5% of 2.6-compound was obtained. With the compound I synthesized 2.6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline-mercuric acetate. Investigations of the effects of the compound as weed killer, an insecticide, and a bactericide showed that the compound, 2,6-dichloro-4-Nitro Aniline mercuric acetate has a satisfactory herbi-insecti-bactericidal effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Jigsaw small inquiry method on science academic achievement and scientific attitudes. For this study, two classes of six graders were divided into a research group and a comparative group. The classes were pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. The research group had the science class with Jigsaw small inquiry method, and the comparative group had the class with a teacher centered lectures for 12 classes for 12 weeks. The Jigsaw small inquiry method was focused on the introduction stage, the whole group activities, professional group activities, restart the whole group activities, supplementary structured study guide, results announced, and excellent group rewards. To prove the effects of this study, science learning motivation was split up based on the attention power, relation, confidence, and sense of satisfaction. The results of this study are as follows. First, Jigsaw small inquiry method is effective in science academic achievement. Second, Jigsaw small inquiry method is effective in scientific attitudes. Also, Jigsaw small inquiry method was approved by students. Consequently, Jigsaw small inquiry method had the great effects on developing science academic achievement for the elementary science class. That means the science class with Jigsaw small inquiry method has potential to develop science academic achievement and scientific attitudes.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2012

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of peer tutoring programs and to introduce the peer tutoring program in medical College. Forty medical students participated in the study and data were collected through surveys and interviews. Through the interviews, we investigated the peer tutoring experiences of tutors and tutees, and what they perceived that they accomplished. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the tutoring process variables that affect the academic achievement of tutees. It was found that tutors and tutees reported achievements in the schoolwork, relationships, and emotional aspects.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.55-79
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• 2011

This study attempts to examine the factors affecting the introduction of e-Business systems and also, to assess the effects of various e-Business systems on firm performance. Empirical analysis is carried out with firm data of 2009, which is collected from Firm Activity Survey of Statistics Korea. Firm performance is measured by four indexes; operating income per employee, value added per employee, return on assets, and return on sales. Empirical results indicate that a firm is more likely to introduce any e-Business system as its size and its assets per employee are larger and as its ratio of labor compensations to operating costs is lower. Additionally, a firm with higher skill levels and more fruitful management experiences is more likely to have any e-Business system. In general, it appears that the presence of e-Business, especially enterprise resources planning, has positive effects on the firm performance.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.143-170
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• 2009

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the effects of repeating vocabulary exercises on learning and retaining the meaning, the form, and the use of L2 words. To achieve this purpose, the data from the 87 participants who performed the assigned vocabulary exercises were collected immediately and two weeks later on their learning and retention of the target words. In addition, their attitudes toward the given vocabulary exercises were examined. The results show that the participants repeating exercises showed significantly better results in the immediate posttest, whereas no significant differences were found in the delayed posttest. Consequently, although the repetition effect influence positively on the learning of the target words, these effects are not maintained if they are not reinforced subsequently after the initial introduction to them. Most of the participants in this study identified the importance of repetition in learning new words and also noted that only one encounter with words was not enough for them to acquire the words fully.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2011

The procedures of Continuous Descent Approach(CDA) is designed to minimize the thrust required during landing, thereby reducing fuel consumption, noise and emissions compared to conventional approach procedures. Widespread implementation of CDA would result in significant reductions in the environmental impact and aircraft operation costs. This paper estimated the possible economic effects from the perspective of airliners through cost-benefit analysis, provided that the CDA is introduced. It is now proposed that a more comprehensive analysis model, which includes the reduced ATC communication burden between controllers and pilots, not to mention the economic aspect, should be established for the improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2014

The air traffic are getting a lot of the impact of the weather delays, cancellations, etc. occur frequently. In particular, the phenomenon of global warming, extreme weather events have not experienced one after another and the various damage to users and operators are constantly occurring. In this respect, Take-off Minima of this study are presented need for standardization of ICAO Doc 9365(All Weather Operations). And Incheon International Airport to the introduction of a comprehensive improvement process will be introduced in the future to look forward to take advantage of domestic and international airport officials. In addition, implementation of the Take-off Minima to get direct and indirect economic effects, and will be introduced.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-39
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• 2000

This paper aims to analyze the effects that marketing mix variables have on the marketing performance of pharmaceutical manufacturers. It examines how product characteristics, price, marketing channel and promotion effort influence the sales and market share of anti-ulcer drugs in the markets for clinics and hospitals separately. Empirical results from 29 products of anti-ulcer drugs show that sales in hospitals are affected by the profit per prescription to the physician, brand name drugs relative to generics, and the age of ingredients since its introduction to the markets. Profit per prescription to the hospital, relative price, age of ingredients and promotion effort have positive effects on the market share.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1994

Overall purposes of neuropsychological tests are summarized as follows: 1) Indentifying brain damage in individuals who have symptoms of uncertain etiology; 2) Assessing the extent and nature of deficits for forensic purposes and planning appropriate intervention; 3) Evaluating the effects of intervention or rehabilitation; 4) Examining the effects of various types of brain damage across different populations; and 5) Testing theoretical propositions about brain-behavior relationship. Of the neuropsychological tests, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery(LNNB) is easily transportable, relatively inexpensive, and performable by trained technician. The Korean version of LNNB is now being designed and will be used clinically in the near future. Localization and equipotential theories of brain function had been prevalent until Luria's theory of brain function. Brain, composed of three brain units in the theory, is the functional system in which each brain area has specific function and produce the function-related behavior. LNNB consists of 11 clinical scales, 5 summary scales, 8 localization scales, and 28 factor scales.